不同结构阳离子染料好氧生物脱色性能的研究

采用好氧驯化活性污泥对5种不同结构阳离子染料的生物脱色效果进行了动态观察,并在不同醋酸浓度下对脱色效果的影响进行了研究,结果表明,在好氧条件下,活性污泥对阳离子染料的脱色率较高,阳离子红GTL和阳离子艳蓝2RL(浓度为2 0mg L)的脱色率分别达93%和98% ;提高污泥浓度对染料脱色率的影响不明显;醋酸(2 0 0～12 0 0mg L)和染料(2 0～10 0mg L)浓度的改变对阳离子红2GL、阳离子红GTL、阳离子艳蓝2RL、碱性绿染料的脱色率影响不大,揭示这几种结构阳离子染料的生物脱色是吸附和后续生物降解共同作用的结果;而随醋酸浓度增加,阳离子红6B的脱色率增加,是与醋酸产生共代谢作用的结果。     

3株真菌对活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色条件

从受污染土壤中筛选出具有广谱脱色的优势菌17株,并进一步扩大染料范围,筛选出3株对偶氮、蒽醌、三苯甲烷染料均有较好脱色效果的优势菌株. 3株菌分别为青霉属(菌Ⅰ、菌Ⅱ)和头孢霉属(菌Ⅲ)的真菌;以染料配水为例,探讨了pH值、温度、碳源、氮源因素对菌株脱色的影响;并进行了实际废水的脱色实验,结果表明该菌在pH值5～9, 温度18～37℃的区间内,且外加葡萄糖提供0.5%碳源时对染料废水的脱色率可达70%. 因此对处理染料污染废水具有较好的应用前景.     

开放系统中4株丝状真菌的成球生长及其对染料的吸附脱色

考察了4株丝状真菌对3种高水溶性染料的吸附脱色,研究了开放体系中影响菌丝成球生长及染料吸附的几个关键因素并探讨了菌丝球多次重复接种的可行性.结果显示,4菌株对酸性艳红B的去除率接近100%;木霉对3种染料的脱色率均超过99%.开放系统中低时间研磨菌丝的高浓度接种木霉成球良好,酸性艳红B去除近100%.菌丝球的重复接种加速了染料的吸附去除,废水脱色时间从一次接种的72h减至3次接种的12h.     

Decolorization of dye solutions with Ruditapes philippinarum conglutination mud and the isolated bacteria

Application of Ruditapes Philippinarum conglutination mud (RPM) for decolorizing synthetic dye solutions was studied. RPM showed good activity for decolorization of Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet, Malachite Green, and Ink Blue. The amount of the RPM had great effect on the decoloration rate of the dye solutions. However, the decoloration rate did not continue to increase when the amount of mud exceeded the optimum dose. The temperature of the dye solution had a remarkable effect on the decolorization rate of Ink Blue solution, but had little effect on the other three dye solutions. The initial pH of the dye solutions evidently affected the decolorization rate of Malachite Green solution, but had less effect on the other three. The decolorization rate of the dye solutions increased significantly with treatment time within 8 hr, but tended to be steady after 8 hr for Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet and Malachite Green solutions, and after 12 hr for Ink Blue solution. The decolorization efficiencies for the four dye solutions under the optimum conditions were all above 90%. Seventeen strains screened from RPM showed flocculation ability for kaolin clay suspension. Out of them, the flocculation rate of strain ZHT3-9 and strain ZHT4-13 were up to 88.14% and 86.01%, respectively. ZHT3-9 was studied, and its decolorization rate for Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet, and Malachite Green reached 90.02%, 89.21%, and 80.29%, respectively. By morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing, the strain ZHT3-9 was identified as Arthrobacter sp.     

黄孢原毛平革菌对三苯甲烷染料的生物脱色降解

利用黄孢原毛平革菌对代表性三苯甲烷染料进行处理。菌的3种品系BKM-F-767．ME446和OGC101对10．50．100mg／L不同浓度的碱性紫5BN，碱性副品红、甲酚红．溴酚蓝和孔雀绿等5种染料具有不同程度的脱色降解能力。碱性副品红和溴酚蓝最为敏感．低浓度(10～30mg／L)孔雀绿的脱色降解效果最好．碱性紫5BN则一般．而甲酚红似乎抵御菌的进攻。紫外一可见光测定表明：碱性紫5BN在BKM-F-1767的作用下。培养液发生吸收峰朝短波方向的移动．标志着染料分子结构发生变化。     

酵母Candida krusei对合成染料的脱色

通过筛选实验,从土壤中新分离到1株对活性艳红K-2BP具有明显脱色效果的酵母菌株Y-G-I,经鉴定为克鲁斯假丝酵母Candida krusei．该菌株对含活性艳红K-2BP起始浓度为200mg／L的培养基,最大脱色率为99％,达到最大脱色率的时间是12h．克鲁斯假丝酵母的最佳接种量应不低于5％（体积分数）,培养基最适pH在4～9之间,氮源（NH4）2S04浓度不低于0．1％,相对应的碳源葡萄糖浓度不低于0．5％．对脱色机理的研究表明,该菌株对活性艳红K-2BP的去除属于降解脱色．此外,该菌株对另外9种染料（50mg／L）的脱色率在62％～96％之间．其中,对偶氮染料弱酸艳红B、活性黑KN-B和活性红M-3BE的脱色率都达到了90％以上,对三苯甲烷染料（酸性媒介漂蓝B）的脱色率达到了93％．表明克鲁斯假丝酵母在染料废水的处理上可能具有较好地应用潜能．     

Photocatalytic degradation of Chicago Sky Blue 6B and Benzopurpurin 4B using titanium dioxide thin film

Aqueous solutions of azo dyes undergo degradation to form harmless intermediates and colorless products following irradiation by visible light in the presence of titanium dioxide thin films. The dyes that were studied in this work are： Chicago Sky Blue 6B and Benzopurpurin 4B. Results obtained indicated that complete mineralization of the dyes took place under the experimental conditions. There was an increase in conductivity after the complete mineralization experiments possibly indicating the formation of ions such as NO3^- and SO4^2-. Chemical oxygen demand（COD） measurements show a decrease in organic matter for both dyes following complete degradation. The effect of how changing experimental conditions such as pH, temperature and starting concentrations of dyes affected the rate of dye degradation was measured. There was an increase in the rate of disappearance of the dye color at lower pH. High concentrations of dye solutions reauired Iona dearadation time.     

羧基化碳纳米管强化臭氧化脱色三苯甲烷染料废水

利用羧基化碳纳米管作为催化剂,强化臭氧化脱色三苯甲烷染料废水。结果表明,当羧基化碳纳米管存在下,碱性品红废水的脱色率显著增加,在初始pH值为6.0,温度为25℃,初始染料浓度为100 mg/L,羧基化碳纳米管用量为6 mg/L时,30 min后脱色率达到94%。羧基化碳纳米管的催化性能高是由于碳纳米管特殊的纳米结构和—COOH基团,从而促进了臭氧化过程。羧基化碳纳米管可以强化臭氧化脱色三苯甲烷染料废水,对碱性品红、结晶紫、灿烂绿和孔雀石绿4种染料废水均能达到良好的脱色效果。     

DTT对三苯基甲烷染料脱色的研究

研究了二硫苏糖醇(dithiothreitol,DTT)对三苯基甲烷染料的还原脱色作用.以孔雀石绿为代表,优化了反应体系中DTT的用量,目的是考察孔雀石绿和DTT之间的定量关系,并明确DTT对孔雀石绿的脱色能力.分析了反应体系pH值对DTT还原力的影响.结果表明,在pH值>5的反应体系中,平均每1 mol DTT可在1 min内脱色4 mol孔雀石绿,脱色率高达97%.脱色产物经HPLC分析表明,孔雀石绿被DTT还原脱色为隐色孔雀石绿.隐色孔雀石绿可继续与氧化态的DTT结合成为水不溶性的络合物,形成白色沉淀.DTT对结晶紫、灿烂绿及碱性品红的脱色作用均达到85%以上,以此确定DTT是一类广谱的三苯基甲烷类染料脱色剂.     

Eco-friendly dyeing of wool using natural dye from weld as co-partner with synthetic dye

Since the last decade, the application of natural dyes on textile materials is gaining popularity all over the world, possibly because of increasing awareness of environment, ecology, and pollution control. In this research, extraction of dyes from weld using soxhlet apparatus has been studied. The color components extracted and isolated from weld plant were characterized by Column Chromatography, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), NMR, mass, IR techniques. The natural dye extract obtained from the weld was used for the dyeing of wool fiber. The results indicated that the exhaustion rate for the extracted dye increases by 49% compared to the raw dye. This, in turn, leads to a considerable decrease in the amount of the extracted dye used to reach the same desired results. Finally, for comparative studies between synthetic and this natural dye, all dyed specimens were tested for wash and light fastness properties, making weld a viable alternative to synthetic acid dyes.     

质子化剩余污泥作为生物吸附剂去除水溶液中活性红4的研究

以城市污水处理厂的剩余污泥为材料,经过质子化处理制备成生物吸附剂,进行了吸附水溶液中活性红4(RR4)的研究.同时考察了吸附时间、溶液pH值、染料浓度、盐的浓度等因素对RR4吸附的影响.生物吸附剂对RR4的吸附所需平衡时间短(约22h),酸性条件利于吸附,碱性条件下则会发生解吸附(解吸附率高于87%),吸附等温曲线符合Langmuir和Freundlich模式,pH=1条件下生物吸附剂、活性碳、硅藻土对RR4的最大吸附量qm分别为35.66,20.48,1.82mg·g-1.RR4低浓度时盐对吸附不产生明显影响,当RR4高浓度时,盐对吸附有促进作用.研究结果表明,用质子化剩余污泥作生物吸附剂去除染料废水中RR4有实际应用的潜力,为剩余污泥的资源化提供了新途径.     

铁有机骨架材料的快速合成及对阴离子染料的吸附性能

染料废水色度高,难以生化处理,吸附法是有色废水处理的重要方法.采用常温快速合成铁有机骨架材料,通过IR和XRD对合成的材料进行表征;并研究铁有机骨架材料对阴离子染料的吸附性能.结果表明常温快速反应能够合成铁有机骨架材料,材料比表面积和孔体积较高,等电点p H为3.7.铁有机骨架材料在酸性条件下更容易吸附水中的阴离子染料;随染料浓度的增加,材料对染料的吸附量逐渐增大,Langmuir恒温吸附模型可以很好描述该过程,计算的吸附参数表明吸附过程容易进行.材料对染料的吸附为准二级动力学,染料结构会显著影响铁骨架材料吸附过程,络合结构的偶氮染料能够快速达到吸附平衡.     

Decolorization of reactive brilliant red K-2BP by white rot fungus under sterile and non-sterile conditions

Introduction Synthetic dyestuffs are extensively used for textile dyeing as well as other industrial applications. According to chemical structure of the chromophoric group, dyestuffs are classified as azo dyes, anthra- quinone dyes, triarylmethine dyes, …     

酵母Candida krusei对合成染料的脱色

通过筛选实验,从土壤中新分离到1株对活性艳红K-2BP具有明显脱色效果的酵母菌株Y-G-1,经鉴定为克鲁斯假丝酵母Candida krusei.该菌株对含活性艳红K-2BP起始浓度为200mg/L的培养基,最大脱色率为99%,达到最大脱色率的时间是12h.克鲁斯假丝酵母的最佳接种量应不低于5%(体积分数),培养基最适pH在4～9之间,氮源(NH₄)₂SO₄浓度不低于0.1%,相对应的碳源葡萄糖浓度不低于0.5%.对脱色机理的研究表明,该菌株对活性艳红K-2BP的去除属于降解脱色.此外,该菌株对另外9种染料(50mg/L)的脱色率在62%～96%之间.其中,对偶氮染料弱酸艳红B、活性黑KN-B和活性红M-3BE的脱色率都达到了90%以上,对三苯甲烷染料(酸性媒介漂蓝B)的脱色率达到了93%.表明克鲁斯假丝酵母在染料废水的处理上可能具有较好地应用潜能.     

稻草基质中白腐菌降解三苯甲烷类染料机制探讨

通过研究稻草固体基质及其不同处理形式、木质素酶、木质纤维素共降解等对染料降解的影响,探讨了侧耳属白腐菌BP在稻草固体基质中对三苯甲烷类染料的降解及作用机制.结果表明,稻草固体基质中染料降解主要是以木质素酶系作用为基础的共降解过程.但对不同染料起降解作用的因素不同,其中溴酚蓝的降解主要依靠木质素酶系作用,孔雀绿的降解依靠以木质素酶系为基础的共降解作用,而结晶紫的降解则主要随木质纤维素的降解作用而共降解.     

染料脱色菌的筛选及固定化脱色试验

从印染厂污水中筛选到７株高效脱色菌,其中Ｐｓｅ４、Ｐｓｅ２９两菌在非固定化条件下,分别对１０ｍｇ／Ｌ阳离子桃红ＦＧ、活性艳红Ｋ－２ＢＰ溶液３在染料为唯一碳源、能源时、１２ｄ脱以８０％以上,这２菌都属于公章民菌属,将各菌等量混合进行脱色,没有协同作用,采用凹凸棒粘土颗粒或塑料环为载体固定化脱色菌,能大大缩短反应时间,提高脱色率,凹凸棒颗粒固定化柱在６ｈ即对６０ｍｇ／Ｌ混合染料脱色９１％,是一种具有较     

蒽醌染料中间体催化强化偶氮染料生物脱色

考察了醌还原菌群利用6种蒽醌染料中间体对偶氮染料生物脱色的催化强化作用.结果表明,溴氨酸(1-氨基-4-溴蒽醌-2-磺酸, BAA)的催化强化效果最好;游离态菌群以BAA作为氧化还原介体可催化强化多种偶氮染料的生物脱色,其中对酸性大红3R脱色的适宜条件为pH 6～9之间;外加葡萄糖浓度400～600 mg/L;BAA浓度19～34.2 mg/L,染料起始浓度≤900 mg/L.在此条件下,最大脱色率约为95%、达到最大脱色率的时间<7 h.同时发现,投加氧化还原介体BAA浓度为38～57mg/L时,固定化菌群降解酸性大红3R(180 mg/L)的最大脱色率在14 h内达到93%;在不补加BAA的情况下,固定化菌群经7次循环使用后,脱色率仍保持在85%以上.     

印染废水的光催化氧化研究

以活性炭负载TiO2薄膜为催化剂,采用光催化氧化法分别处理靛蓝类染料、三苯甲烷类染料和偶氮类染料模拟废水以及某印染厂的出水。研究了光化时间、废水pH值及COD对处理效果的影响。结果表明：光催化氧化处理印染废水的最适光化时间为240min,最适pH值为4,且在这几种染料中,靛蓝类染料最易降解,而偶氮类染料最难降解。     

Natural dyes in modern textile dyehouses — how to combine experiences of two centuries to meet the demands of the future?

Plant materials which are available from farming regions in the moderate Austrian climate were investigated to serve as sources for natural dyes in textile dyeing operations. The extraction of the dye components from the plant materials was performed with boiling water without addition of chemicals or solvents. Based upon a rigorous selection of possible plant sources, a selection of natural dyestuffs applicable in a one-bath dyeing step was established. A broad variation in shade and color depth can be achieved by applying mixtures of natural dyestuffs in various combinations of iron- and alum-mordants. More than 60% of tested dyeings achieved acceptable fastness properties.On the basis of the developed natural dyestuff-based dyeing procedures, a comparison was made between the effluents from processes based upon them and those based upon the current ‘state-of-the-art’ techniques utilizing synthetic dyes. The comparison revealed that a lowering of the chemical load released with waste water can be expected by shifting to the plant-based dyes.     

Trametes sp.SQ01和Chaetomium sp.R01混合培养对四种染料的脱色

利用本实验室新构建的白腐菌Trametes sp.SQ01和毛壳菌Chaetomium sp.R01混合培养体系,对刚果红、酸性红、橙黄G和溴酚蓝4种染料进行了脱色研究.结果表明,SQ01与R01混合培养所产生的锰过氧化物酶(MnP)酶活比菌株SQ01单独培养时提高了约5.5倍.菌株R01的接种量、接种时间对混合培养中...