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1.
Natural surface coating samples (NSCSs) from the surface of shingles and surficial sediments (SSs) in the Songhua River, China were employed to investigate the relationship between NSCSs and SSs in fractions of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd) using the modified sequential extraction procedure (MSEP). The results show that the differences between NSCSs and SSs in Fe fi'actions were insignificant and Fe was dominantly present as residual phase (76.22% for NSCSs and 80.88% for SSs) and Fe-oxides phase (20.33% for NSCSs and 16.15% for SSs). Significant variation of Mn distribution patterns between NSCSs and SSs was observed with Mn in NSCSs mainly present in Mn-oxides phase (48.27%) and that in SSs present as residual phase (45.44%). Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd were found dominantly in residual fractions (〉48%), and next in solid oxides/hydroxides for Zn, Pb and Cd and in easily oxidizable solids/compounds form for Cu, respectively. The heavy metal distribution patterns implied that Fe/Mn oxides both in NSCSs and SSs were more important sinks for binding and adsorption of Zn, Pb and Cd than organic matter (OM), and inversely, higher affinity of Cu to OM than Fe/Mn oxides in NSCSs and SSs was obtained. Meanwhile, it was found that the distributions of heavy metals in NSCSs and SSs were similar to each other and the pseudo-total concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in NSCSs were greater than those in SSs, highlighting the more importance for NSCSs than SSs in controlling behaviours of heavy metals in aquatic environments. 相似文献
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The dynamics of Cd scavenging from solutions by Fe/Mn oxides in natural surface coatings (NSCs) was investigated under laboratory conditions. Selective extraction methods were employed to estimate the contributions of Fe/Mn oxides, where hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.01 mol/L NH2OH-HCl + 0.01 mol/L HNO3), sodium dithionite (0.4 mol/L Na2S2O4) and nitric acid (10% HNO3) were used as extraction reagents. The Cd scavenging was accomplished with developing periods of the NSCs (totally 21 data sets). The resulting process dynamics fitted well to the Elovich equation, demonstrating that the amount of Cd scavenged was proportional to the increments of Fe/Mn oxides that were accumulated in the NSCs. The amount of Cd bound to Fe oxides (MCdFe) and Mn oxides (MCdMn) could be quantified by solving two equations based on the properties of two extraction reagents. The amount of Cd scavenged by Fe/Mn oxides could also be estimated using MCdFe and MCdMn divided by the total amounts of Fe and Mn oxides in the NSCs, respectively. The results indicated that the Cd scavenging by Fe/Mn oxides was dominated by Fe oxides, with less roles attributed to Mn oxides. The estimated levels of Cd scavenging through Fe and Mn oxides agreed well with those predicted through additive-adsorption and linear-regression models. 相似文献
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锰氧化物在陆地和海洋环境中含量丰富,作为天然强氧化剂之一,广泛地参与自然界中有机和无机化合物的氧化还原反应.锰氧化物通过吸附、氧化偶合或氧化分解等方式与多种有机物,如酚及取代酚、芳香胺、腐殖酸、氨基酸,甚至多环芳烃、多氯联苯、内分泌干扰物等相互作用.本文对锰氧化物与多种有机物的反应机理、影响锰氧化物对有机物吸附性能和反应活性的因素进行了综述,同时介绍了天然矿物锰氧化物、化学合成锰氧化物及生物氧化锰的特点及其在环境修复中的应用前景. 相似文献
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采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、比表面和孔隙度分析仪等设备,研究了由生物除铁除锰滤柱反冲洗铁锰生物污泥制得的铁锰氧化物的表征性状,并结合等温吸附-解吸和动力学实验研究对铁锰氧化物吸附磷的吸附特性和相关机制进行探究.结果表明:供试铁锰氧化物是球形颗粒聚合体,孔隙发达且多以微孔形式存在,比表面积为285.6m2/g.铁锰氧化物的磷吸附特性可用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程来描述,相关系数均大于0.9,达到极显著水平,吸附容量为39.06mg/g.中性盐介质(KNO3)中在最大吸附量时P的解吸率为13.04%.铁锰氧化物对磷的吸附焓变△H0为正值,是吸热过程,吉布斯自由能变△G0为负值,该吸附过程是自发进行的.准二级动力学模型可较好地反映供试铁锰氧化物的等温吸附动力学. 相似文献
5.
Metal oxides( Fe, Mn oxides) in natural surface coatings(biofilms and associated minerals) are believed to play a significant role n the fate and transport of trace metal in aquatic environments. Seasonal variation of Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials in surface oatings, which were developed periodically on glass slides in Nanhu Lake, Jilin Province, China over the time frame of three seasons,was investigated in order to understand the influence of metal oxides on Pb and Cd adsorption to heterogeneous surface coating materials(biofilm). Pb and Cd adsorption was measured under controlled laboratory conditions( mineral salts solution with defined speciation, ionic trength 0.05 mol/L, 25~C and pH 6.0). The classical Langmuir adsorption isotherm was applied to estimate equilibrium coefficients of Pb nd Cd adsorption to the surface coatings. In general, components in the surface coatings varied greatly with seasons altering and btained higher concentrations in summer while the content of iron oxides always exceeded that of manganese oxides. Correlation nalyses between the maximum adsorption of Pb and Cd and components in the surface coatings developed periodically indicated that Pb hase association with Mn oxides and Cd phase association with Fe oxides as well as Mn oxides were statistically significant. Effect of Mn xides on Cd adsorption was confirmed in view of its higher content in the surface coatings. The importance of ferromanganese oxides for b and Cd adsorption to the natural surface coatings developed in different seasons was evidenced. 相似文献
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洱海沉积物有机质、铁、锰对磷的赋存特征和释放影响 总被引:3,自引:4,他引:3
利用SMT磷连续提取分级方法研究了洱海表层沉积物中磷的赋存特征,探讨有机质(OM),Fe和Mn对磷赋存形态及释放的影响,同时评估了洱海沉积物磷的释放风险. 结果表明:洱海表层沉积物w(TP)为710.3~1 961.2 mg/kg,其中w(Ca-P)最高(占36.9%~59.2%),w(OP)次之(占24.6%~36.9%),w(Fe/Al-P)最低(占9.8%~20.7%);w(OM)为25.0~119.6 mg/g,与w(TP)和w(Ca-P)呈显著负相关;w(总锰)为0.8~3.8 mg/g,w(总铁)为34.3~127.2 mg/g,均与w(TP)及其各形态磷含量呈显著正相关. 沉积物中w(Fe/Al-P)/w(Ca-P)比低于0.5,且w(总铁)/w(TP)远大于20,表明磷释放强度小,但w(TOC)/w(OP)<200,说明有机磷的潜在释放风险较大. w(TP)及其各形态磷含量均与无定形铁氧化物(Feo-Fep)含量呈显著正相关,而与结晶态铁氧化物(Fed-Feo)含量的相关性不显著,且全湖沉积物中的铁氧化物以Feo-Fep为主,表明洱海沉积物磷释放主要受Feo-Fep控制. 相似文献
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热解经过氯化铁和高锰酸钾浸渍的小麦秸秆,制备铁锰金属氧化物/生物炭复合材料,用以去除水中硝酸根.通过X射线光电子能谱和扫描电镜分析,发现复合材料表面形成了Fe(Ⅲ)/Mn(Ⅳ)二元金属氧化物颗粒.制备优化结果表明,复合材料比表面积可达153.116 m2·g-1,零电荷点可达9.76.同时,还调查了固液比、溶液初始pH值和共存阴离子等因素的影响.研究发现,复合材料在溶液pH值1.00~9.05时对NO-3的去除率维持在75.40%~78.70%,且以配位交换为主要吸附机制.共存阴离子对吸附NO-3竞争吸附的影响顺序为:Cl-SO2-4PO3-4.等温吸附实验数据符合Langmuir方程,且最大吸附量为37.361 3 mg·g-1.吸附动力学分析发现,吸附过程遵循二级动力学方程,且以化学吸附为主.热动力学分析表明,吸附过程为自发吸热过程.上述结果说明铁锰氧化物/生物炭复合材料对于去除水中NO-3具有潜在价值. 相似文献
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贵州阿哈湖 1982年扩容后 ,长期受到煤矿废水的污染 ,大量铁、锰元素随废水带入湖中 .研究发现 :主要来自酸性矿山废水的还原态溶解铁、锰离子在入湖向下游迁移过程中发生了显著地分离 .受岩溶地区湖泊较强的酸中和能力及近年人为石灰投放的影响 ,湖泊未被酸化 ,Fe2+,Mn2+在入湖运移过程中由于氧化速率的差异 ,在不同的湖区发生沉积 ,形成了铁、锰在水平迁移上的明显分离 ;锰在深湖区上层沉积物中富集现象明显 ,并在沉积深度上与铁形成垂向上的显著分离 .经过陆源校正 ,证实铁、锰在阿哈湖的显著分离的开始是对该湖扩容事件的响应 .扩容后下游沉积物中铁含量逐渐减少 ,孔隙水中溶解铁分布特征也指示铁还原作用主要发生在沉积物下层 ,表明铁在沉积后再迁移能力较弱 .锰还原过程则发生在上层沉积物中 ,再迁移能力很强 .本研究还提出了来自煤矿废水的Fe2+、Mn2+在入湖水平运移过程中 ,铁、锰逐步分离、富集以及在沉积深度上的分离模式 . 相似文献
10.
Pb adsorption capacities of Fe oxide, Mn oxide and organic materials in natural surface coatings (biofilms and associated minerals) collected in three lakes, two ponds and a river in Jilin Province, China and Cayuga Lake in US were studied. A novel extraction technique was employed to remove one or more component(s) from the surface coatings. Pb adsorption to surface coatings before and after extraction was performed to determine the adsorptive properties of the extracted component(s). The statistical analysis of observed Pb adsorption was carried out using nonlinear least squares fitting (NLSF) to estimate the Pb adsorption capacity of each component of surface coatings. For each body of water, the estimated Pb adsorption capacity of Mn oxide( mol Pb/mol Mn) was significantly higher than that of Fe oxide( mol Pb/ mol Fe). The value of estimated adsorption capacities of organic materials with the unit mol Pb per kg COD was similar to or less than that of Fe oxides with the unit mol Pb per mol Fe. Comparison of components of surface coatings in different waters showed that the estimated Pb adsorption capacities of components in surface coatings developed in different natural waters were different,especially for Mn oxides. 相似文献
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杭州市浅层地下水有机污染及其风险初步评价 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
针对杭州典型城市功能区的代表性浅层地下水样品进行了7种卤代烃、7种苯系物、16种多环芳烃和14种有机氯农药共44种有机污染物的定量分析,研究了浅层地下水中有机污染物的分布特征,并参照检出限和饮用水标准值,采用污染指数法和环境影响度评价方法,对浅层地下水的有机污染及其风险进行了初步评价,同时探讨了其来源。结果表明:杭州市浅层地下水中除四氯化碳外,其他卤代烃包括:1,1二氯乙烯、三氯甲烷、三氯乙烷、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯和三溴甲烷都有检出;普遍检出多环芳烃是亚二苊氢、蒽、萘、二苊氢、菲、苯并(a)蒽、苯并(b)荧蒽和芘;有机氯农药是p,p'-DDT,其次为α-六六六、γ-六六六、δ-六六六、七氯环氧、p,p'-DDE和p,p'-DDD。杭州市浅层地下水普遍受到了卤代烃、多环芳烃和有机氯农药的轻度污染,七氯环氧和P,P'-DDT甚至达到中度污染水平。农业区、工业区和垃圾场的浅层地下水有机污染,特别是七氯环氧和三氯乙烷,已显示出明显的潜在危害作用,具有一定的健康风险。根据地球化学参数和浅层地下水环境背景推测有机污染物主要来源于化肥农药的施用、各种类型的工矿企业"三废"的排放和垃圾填埋场渗滤液。 相似文献
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采用紫外还原的方法成功制备出Cu3(BTC)2(均苯三甲酸合铜)负载贵金属Ag纳米颗粒的Ag/Cu3(BTC)2复合催化剂,并用于氨法脱硝反应.应用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、BET测试等手段对催化剂的物理化学性能进行了表征.结果发现Ag纳米颗粒以球状结构高度均匀分散在Cu3(BTC)2骨架结构的表面.负载Ag纳米颗粒和Cu-MOF的协同作用,提高了Ag/Cu3(BTC)2催化剂的脱硝效率,负载量为15wt%的催化剂表现出最优脱硝效率,在220~260℃达到100%的NO转化率.同时,利用in-situ FTIR技术对NH3-SCR的反应机理进行了探究. 相似文献
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氧化-还原过程是影响重金属环境行为的重要过程.锰氧化物作为重要的天然氧化剂,通过对变价重金属的氧化还原和吸附作用,影响着其在环境中的形态、生物有效性乃至归趋,具有很高的环境修复潜力和应用价值.近年来对锰氧化物和变价重金属元素的研究主要集中在以下几个方面:生物氧化锰的形成与多铜氧化酶体系的关系;锰氧化物与变价重金属的交互作用的机制及其影响因素,尤其锰氧化物的空间结构和作用位点的影响.目前,锰氧化物在环境修复中的应用主要集中在水环境修复方面,土壤体系及土壤微界面还很鲜见.同时土壤体系中影响锰氧化物与重金属交互作用的因素更多,其过程也更为复杂.本文通过总结锰氧化物与变价重金属交互作用的研究进展,对比不同重金属种类之间反应机制的差别,为更好的理解锰氧化物的环境作用提供基础,也期望能够进一步拓展其在污染环境的修复中的应用范围. 相似文献
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Comparison of Pb and Cd adsorption to the surface coatings and surficial sediments collected in Xianghai Wetland 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
LI Yu WANG Xiao-li WANG Yue DONG De-ming ZHANG Hua-peng LI Qing-shan LI Xing-chun 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2005,17(1):126-129
Surface coatings and surficial sediments were obtained in four natural waters in Xianghai Wetland in China to study the role of surface coatings and surficial sediments in controlling the transporting and cycling of heavy metals in aquatic environments. Pb and Cd adsorption to the surface coatings and surficial sediments were measured under controlled laboratory conditions(mineral salts solution with defined speciation, ionic strength 0.0.5 mol/L, 25℃ and pH 6.0 for surface coatings: and 0.00.5 mol/L CaCl2 solution, 25℃ and pH 6.0 for surficial sediments). The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was applied to estimate equilibrium coefficients of Pb and Cd adsorption to the surface coatings and surficial sediments, and the component analyses of surface coatings and surficial sediments were also carried out.Correlation analyses between the maximum adsorption of Pb and Cd (Гmax) and the components in the surface coatings and surficial sediments suggested that there was a statistically significant trend for Pb and Cd adsorption(Гmax) to the surface coatings to increase with increasing in contents of Fe and Mn oxides in the surface coatings and surficial sediments. And the metal adsorption abilities of surface coatings were much stronger than those of surficial sediments, highlighting that in the same water, i.e. at the same pH and initial metal concentrations, the metals(such as lead and cadmium) in supernatant were feasible to be adsorbed by surface coatings than surficial sediments. The more importance of surface coatings than surficial sediments for adsorbing and cycling of heavy metals in aquatic environments was evidenced. 相似文献
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低温磁性铁基SCR烟气脱硝的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
在流化床反应器中,以磁性铁氧化物(Fe3O4、γ-Fe2O3)颗粒为床料,氨为还原剂,进行了中低温SCR烟气脱硝实验研究,然后对反应辅加磁场,初步研究磁场对磁性γ-Fe2O3催化剂SCR脱硝的影响,并对床料进行了XRD分析.结果表明,Fe3O4的SCR活性较差,γ-Fe2O3的SCR活性较佳,在250℃其催化脱硝效率能达到90%,但在250℃以上Fe2O3会对氨的氧化起作用,因而在250℃及以下的邻近温度区间是最佳催化温度区间.此外,在150~290℃,外加磁场能促进γ-Fe2O3对NO的吸附,提高脱硝效率,使250℃时的脱硝效率达到95%左右,但在290℃以上,则会降低脱硝效率.为了抑制氨的氧化,发挥磁场对γ-Fe2O3脱硝的作用,适合在200~250℃低温区间内采用γ-Fe2O3催化剂进行SCR脱硝. 相似文献
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为获得高效去除活性艳蓝的方法,采用浸渍煅烧法制备了Fe/Mn-PAC催化剂,对催化剂的表面形态和结构进行表征,研究了不同因素对KN-R降解效果的影响,以及催化剂的重复利用性和稳定性。结果表明:Fe/Mn-PAC催化剂表面粗糙,具有较多的微孔结构,催化剂表面的金属氧化物为致密的地衣状结构,有利于提升催化剂的催化性能。在催化剂投加量为400 mg/L,初始pH为7.5,Fe/Mn进料比为1∶1及负载量为4%时,Fe/Mn-PAC表现出最佳的催化KN-R降解的反应活性,45 min内KN-R去除率高达90%以上;经过5次回收利用,去除率仍可达到84.7%。研究结果证明了Fe/Mn-PAC催化剂具有优异的催化能力和出色的结构稳定性,为实现印染废水中活性艳蓝KN-R的有效去除提供了技术支持。 相似文献
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渤海湾表层沉积物重金属在不同粒级有机-矿质复合体中的分布 总被引:13,自引:5,他引:13
采用超声分散法分离沉积物中不同粒级有机-矿质复合体,研究了渤海湾沉积物中Pb,Cd,Cr等重金属的污染及其在不同粒级有机-矿质复合体中的分布.结果表明,3种重金属含量总体上随着复合体粒径增大而减小.X射线衍射(XRD)结果显示,随着沉积物粒径的增大,主要来自原生矿物的石英和长石等岩石结构物质的含量增加,但这些物质中的重金属含量较低.渤海湾表层沉积物中重金属污染主要发生在以次生硅酸盐矿物及硅、铁、铝等氧化物或氢氧化物为主的细粒沉积物上,细粒样品由于其较大的比表面积和富含有机质的特性,通过吸附、沉淀、离子交换等,导致所含重金属含量较高.粘粒复合体中Pb含量是粗砂中的2.3倍,Cd是粗砂的3.8倍,而Cr是粗砂的2.8倍. 相似文献
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海河及邻近海域表层沉积物重金属污染及其分布特征 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12
对海河及邻近海域沉积物重金属污染程度进行调查,结果显示海河沉积物已遭受重金属污染,其重金属含量高于渤海湾,而且峰值最高的区域出现在工业发达、人口密集的天津市区和塘沽区。将海河及邻近海域表层沉积物不同颗粒组分的复合体进行分离,并进行了重金属含量的测定。结果进一步证明,重金属含量随沉积物复合体颗粒尺寸增大而减小。同时表明,渤海湾表层沉积物复合体比海河的颗粒大,砂质含量比海河高。渤海湾细小颗粒(<20μm)复合体含量(62.42%)低于海河(70.24%),而渤海湾粗砂(>200μm)组分(31.17%)比海河(17.83%)高得多。海河各粒级复合体上Cu、Pb、Cd的含量明显高于渤海湾中各粒级相应的重金属含量,平均是渤海湾的2倍左右,Cr在海河与渤海湾各粒级含量相对来说比较接近。 相似文献
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对铁、锰含量较高又存在有机微污染的原水进行深度处理的生产规模的净水厂(规模10m3/h),进行了运行效能的试验研究.该水厂由射流曝气→砂滤罐→臭氧接触氧化罐→生物活性炭滤罐→木鱼石滤罐→紫外线照射清水箱等处理单元组成.通过曝气充氧砂滤预处理,去除溶解性的二价铁60%以上,在剩余臭氧的量为0.4mg/L(相应的臭氧投量为:4mg/L)的条件下,经臭氧接触氧化和生物活性炭过滤,在HRT20min时,可去除铁锰高达100%,CODMn的去除率达90%左右. 相似文献