膜技术在污水深度处理中的应用

大港油田生活污水处理系统采用膜技术进行深度处理。与传统工艺相比,膜技术具有工艺简单、运行稳定、出水水质较好等特点,是中水回用技术领域的一个重要工艺路线。介绍了膜技术在大港油田污水深度处理工程中的实际应用,重点分析了超滤系统及反渗透膜的调试、运行与水质分析。     

膜技术在城市中水回用于火电厂的应用研究

城市中水经过深度处理后回用于火电厂,不仅可解决电厂用水紧张的状况,而且可减轻污水排放对环境的影响.介绍了膜法在火电厂中水回用方面的原理、工艺并结合工程实践进行论证,指出了膜技术的发展方向.     

中水回用及展望

概述了中水回用的发展和现状,总结了中水回用的处理技术,并指出MBR工艺和CASS工艺因其独特的优点在中水回用领域中具有光明的应用前景.同时,对中水回用实践中值得思考和研究的问题也进行了探讨,指出在中水回用过程中尤其需注意其生态安全性研究.     

电厂中水回用工程设计与分析

介绍了山西某电厂中水回用工程的工艺流程及设计参数.该工程采用机械加速澄清池、D型滤池、二氧化氯消毒工艺处理污水处理厂二级出水,出水作为补给水供给电厂循环冷却系统.运行结果表明,该工艺设计合理,出水各项指标均能满足回用要求；建设和运行费用低,为类似中水回用工程的设计与运行提供参考.     

大港油田污水回用工程超滤反渗透设计

通过总结大港油田污水回用深度处理工程超滤反渗透系统设计思路,介绍了目前国际领先的"双膜法"污水回用深度处理技术.着重论述了该工程超滤反渗透单元以及各辅助系统如加药、反洗、化学清洗等系统的设计,研究并探讨了系统设计中膜污染问题的解决措施和思路.     

住宅小区雨水资源化与中水回用模式与技术

住宅小区雨水资源化利用与中水回用是建设节水型城市,实现水资源可持续利用的重要组成部分．住宅小区的雨水资源化利用技术将雨水收集、雨水分散处理、雨水集中利用、雨水渗透等技术进行集成优化,具有处理效果好、雨水利用率高、管理方便的优点。住宅小区中水回用属于封闭式污水再生回用系统,采用膜生物反应器（MBR）技术作为小区中水回用技术,具有占地面积少、工艺流程短、处理效率高等优点。     

印染废水深度处理技术的研究进展及发展趋势

简要介绍了印染废水的水质特点及深度处理的主要目标。综述了近年来印染废水深度处理技术(包括物理法、高级氧化技术、高效生物技术等)的研究进展。结合各深度处理技术的特点分析指出:污染的源头控制、分质处理回用以及以膜技术为核心的组合工艺的优化和集成,是印染废水深度处理技术的发展趋势。     

深度处理设施在太原第二热电厂废水回用中的应用

结合大唐太原第二热电厂废水回用工程的实例,分析了深度处理设施在电厂废水处理中的应用和应注意的事项,为电厂废水处理方案设计提供参考.     

大港油田苦咸再生水反渗透工艺自动控制研究

分析了大港油田污水回用深度处理工程苦咸再生水反渗透工艺仪表配置及自动控制方式,介绍了苦咸再生水反渗透系统亟待解决的各类问题。着重论述了仪表设置、余氯控制、结垢污堵控制、微生物污堵控制的实际运行方式,探讨了苦咸再生水反渗透工艺的技术可行性和可靠性。     

两相流固液分离技术在电厂水处理中的应用

简要叙述了目前电厂水处理中几种固液分离技术的应用现状和使用效果，重点介绍两相流固液分离新技术的运行机理，工业性试验，电厂废水资源化回用处理示范工程以及对电厂现有水源水处理设施的改造情况，并对新建电厂水源水处理和废水资源化回用处理设计提出了一些建议。     

曝气生物滤池在中水回用于循环冷却水中去除氨氮的探讨

介绍了曝气生物滤池（BAF）工艺应用于脱氮方面的特点，探讨以该工艺处理市政污水厂二级出水，以回用于火电厂循环冷却水的优越性。     

美国炼油厂循环冷却水处理与污水回用现状

介绍了美国炼油厂循环冷却水系统的水质指标及常用的水质稳定技术,简述了美国炼油厂污水回用于循环冷却水的水源和水质要求,论述了市政污水回用的深度处理技术,分析了回用水对炼油厂循环冷却水系统的影响及相应的水处理工艺的调整方法,为我国炼油厂循环冷却水处理及污水回用提供借鉴。     

膜材料应用于化工废水回用的思考

调查了使用膜材料的化工废水回用工程的若干案例后,总结了目前使用膜材料化工废水回用工程的经验和教训。为使化工废水回用目标顺利实现,应做到：要认认真真地做试验,要以试验为基础;按科学研究的规律,开发废水回用的全流程技术;明确职责,开好车,加强装置的日常操作管理;开发、使用有针对性的清洗约剂;充分利用废水处理的成熟技术。建议新建项目废水处理的目标应直接定在回用,而不是达到排放标准;膜材料、废水回用技术术语、使用标准等应规范化,制定、修订废水回用于锅炉补充水、循环冷却补充水、杂用水的水质标准。     

Solid waste treatment opportunities in the Palestinian authority areas

Municipal services in the Palestinian Authority (PA) areas, including the West Bank and Gaza Strip (WBGS), are facing serious difficulties that have been intensified following the outbreak of the Palestinian uprising in late September 2000. The solid waste management services, being the most essential services provided by the municipalities and village councils, are mostly affected by the ongoing harsh situation and hence proper solutions that take into account the actual amount of generated municipal solid waste and its composition is a pre-requisite for planning proper treatment. Hence, a study was carried out to identify the actual status of solid waste in eight West Bank districts. A social survey was also conducted to collect information concerning the level of public awareness among communities surveyed to the perception of solid waste recycling and reuse. The results of the survey conducted in 2001–2002 were later reviewed during July–October 2008 to assess if the trend of domestic solid waste generation had changed. Based on the survey and post-assessment, it is found that political and economic conditions have both significantly impacted the trend of generated municipal solid waste and since no improvements in either condition are forthcoming, it is concluded that survey results could be used in a planning study. A possible handling of the generated wastes may entail transferring the recyclable waste to Israeli recycling industries, and in constructing three composting plants in different accessible locations in the West Bank.     

曝气生物滤池效能关键影响因素研究进展

曝气生物滤池（BAF）是一种新型的生物氧化处理工艺,已被广泛应用于城市废水处理、中水回用及微污染源水的预处理。详细论述了目前国内外对BAF效能的关键影响因素,如填料、水力停留时间、进水底物、水温、曝气量与进水量比、反冲洗工艺、化学除磷药剂等的研究现状,并探讨了其今后的研究方向。     

重金属污染土壤淋洗优化技术进展

综述了重金属污染土壤常规淋洗的优化技术,包括复合减量化技术、淋洗助剂的使用等化学优化技术以及电动力法、超声和微波法等物理优化技术;同时介绍了新型绿色淋洗剂的研发和使用情况,包括可降解螯合剂、植物浸提液及生物表面活性剂;概述了淋洗液的后处理和回用工艺。提出了开发新型淋洗剂、淋洗优化技术及淋洗液后处理技术的建议。     

Integrating Groundwater Conservation and Reuse into Remediation Projects

Groundwater remediation projects generally involve extraction and treatment of contaminated groundwater. The current state of the practice does not include an emphasis on conservation and reuse of groundwater. Consequently treated groundwater is typically disposed in sanitary or storm sewers. Longstanding water conservation and reuse practices in the municipal wastewater industry provide a body of experience available to the remediation industry. Case studies of conservation and reuse options for groundwater at remediation sites have been found across a broad range of geographic settings and regulatory jurisdictions. The intent of this article is to stimulate a more holistic view of the groundwater associated with remediation projects and to promote conservation and beneficial reuse of a vital natural resource. © 2014 US Sustainable Remediation Forum     

Environmental performance evaluation of large-scale municipal solid waste incinerators using data envelopment analysis

Limited to insufficient land resources, incinerators are considered in many countries such as Japan and Germany as the major technology for a waste management scheme capable of dealing with the increasing demand for municipal and industrial solid waste treatment in urban regions. The evaluation of these municipal incinerators in terms of secondary pollution potential, cost-effectiveness, and operational efficiency has become a new focus in the highly interdisciplinary area of production economics, systems analysis, and waste management. This paper aims to demonstrate the application of data envelopment analysis (DEA) – a production economics tool – to evaluate performance-based efficiencies of 19 large-scale municipal incinerators in Taiwan with different operational conditions. A 4-year operational data set from 2002 to 2005 was collected in support of DEA modeling using Monte Carlo simulation to outline the possibility distributions of operational efficiency of these incinerators. Uncertainty analysis using the Monte Carlo simulation provides a balance between simplifications of our analysis and the soundness of capturing the essential random features that complicate solid waste management systems. To cope with future challenges, efforts in the DEA modeling, systems analysis, and prediction of the performance of large-scale municipal solid waste incinerators under normal operation and special conditions were directed toward generating a compromised assessment procedure. Our research findings will eventually lead to the identification of the optimal management strategies for promoting the quality of solid waste incineration, not only in Taiwan, but also elsewhere in the world.     

The potential of recycling and reusing municipal solid waste incinerator ash in Taiwan

By 2004, there were 19 municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI) with a total yearly treatment capacity of 7.72 million tons in service in Taiwan. All 19 incinerators operated daily to generate about 1.05 million tons of incinerator ash, including bottom ash and stabilized fly ash in 2003, and the average ash yield is 18.67%. The total number of incinerators is expected to increase to 27, serving almost all cities in Taiwan by 2007. The authors have suggested a set of criteria based on the yield of incinerator ash (Phi) to study the ash recycle and reuse potential. The Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration has studied the treatment and reuse of MSWI ashes for many years and collected references on international experience accumulated by developed nations for establishing policies on treatment and reuse of MSWI ashes. These citations were analyzed as the basis for current governmental decision making on policies and factors to be considered for establishing policies on recycle and reuse of MSWI ashes. Feasible applications include utilization of ashes, which after sieving and separation of metal particles, produce granular materials. When granular materials comply with TCLP limitations, they can be utilized as cement additives or road base. The procedures of evaluation have been proposed in the performance criteria to be included in the proposed decision-making process of ash utilization.