卡图兴Ta-Nb-Zr矿床的地质构造、分带性和形成条件(东西伯利亚乌多坎地区)(摘要)

卡图兴Ta－Nb—Zr矿床属于前寒武纪热液矿床的一种特别成因类型──属于结晶基底区域深大断裂带中的含矿碱性交代岩。这种类型的矿床形成于2．0～1．8Ga前，那时太古宙克拉通、克拉通后的拗陷和固结的太古宙活动带均遭受了新的构造作用，转变成原始活化带。卡图兴矿床赋存于斯坦诺夫带的、平行于科达尔-乌多坎坳陷南缘分布的东西向断裂系内，埋藏于该坳陷的底部。这些稀有金属碱性交代岩受花岗岩和花岗岩周围的变质岩的片理化带控制，具有沿走向和向深部延伸距离大的特点，从边缘向中心方向可分为5个带：黑云母（铁云母）带、黑云母一角闪…     

苏北变质地质的几个问题

本文运用构造一地层法重新厘定了苏北变质地层层序,系统研究了变质岩群序列及其接触关系、区域变质岩和变质作用、混合岩及混合岩化作用、变质变形序列和构造演化等几个主要问题。新建了东海群和“石桥群”。在特征变质矿物的研究基础上,确定了东海群是中压低角闪岩相为主,海州群和“石桥群”属高压高绿片岩相到低绿片岩相,各群都具多期变质变形。     

中等压力变质作用和花岗岩化过程中的稀土元素

<正> 本文研究了哈马尔-达班中部中等压力带状变质杂岩中稀土元素的分配。该变质杂岩在文献1—3中已有描述。取样是沿着科尔尼洛夫组的变泥岩层、舒布图依组的变粉砂岩和变硬砂岩层,从绿片岩相的绿泥石-黑云母带     

蛇绿岩杂岩中的含金滑石菱镁片岩(碳酸盐化超镁铁岩)

为了阐明金矿化与蛇绿岩杂岩中地幔橄榄岩的共生关系,对三个地区(利古里亚、摩洛哥、沙特阿拉伯)产出的滑石菱镁片岩(碳酸盐化超镁铁岩)进行评述。滑石菱镁片岩的金含量一般是伴生超镁铁岩(5 ppb Au)的5—20倍,虽然也发育有含金量为1—10ppm的富金带。较高的金含量与硫化物或钴砷化物的矿化有关,或者与晚期含黄铁矿或毒砂的石英脉有关。与蛇纹岩的形成一样,形成滑石菱镁片岩的超镁铁岩碳酸盐化作用,似乎是在中温条件下(150—300℃)Na、Cl卤水的热液蚀变结果,这些卤水起源于地幔物质与海水的相互作用。金是从蛇纹石化超镁铁岩的不透明矿物中析出的。在热液系统演化过程中,金随富含CO_2、S、As、Cl、Na、K和B的流体沿构造接触带迁移,当该流体运移到还原和碱性环境时,金与石英,硫化物和砷化物一起沉淀。因此,滑石菱镁片岩应成为金矿勘探的新目标。     

绿盘老及绿盘岩化作用

在文献中所提到的绿盘岩或绿盘岩化岩石有数种。例如,鲁西诺夫(1972)曾举出以下四种:1) 呈区域性分布的原始绿磐岩;2) 矿脉周围的绿磐岩化岩石;3) 因区域变质作用而形成的绿色片岩相的产物;4) 由于近代地热地带的火山性热液而使岩石再造的产物。     

江绍断裂带中闪长岩类的糜棱岩化作用

本文研究了浙江江绍断裂带中段诸暨县璜山至王家宅一带片理发育的闪长质岩石．据递增的韧性变形特征和残存的火成岩组构，笔者确认上述岩石是闪长岩类经动力改造后的糜棱岩．并论证了相应的糜棱岩化作用发生在353～370Ma前．温压条件为425～475℃和3．8～46×10~8Pa．其岩相学、矿物学的研究表明，在此糜棱岩化过程中．变形作用通过提高变质反应速率、引入流体相以及增强化学势与组份扩散等，促成了闪长质糜棱岩类的低绿片岩相变质作用。     

铁-硅岩石变质作用的物理化学条件

铁-硅岩石占整个铁矿建造岩层的很大部分,在同一化学组成下具有各种不同的矿物组成。例如,碧玉铁质岩和片岩,其矿物成分很不同,但按硅和全铁的含量却很相近。其他造岩组分的含量是次要的,因此在矿物形成时不起重要作用。一般SiO_2为40—50％;Fe_2O_3为30—50％;FeO为1—25％;MgO为0.1—8％。象Al_2O_3、Na_2O、K_2O这     

朝鲜某黑钨矿矿床中矿化部位和矿体的分布特性

<正> 一、控制钨矿体分布的岩浆-构造特性 在矿区内广泛发育着太古代的各种片麻岩、混合岩、结晶片岩以及穿过这些岩石的花岗岩类岩群。 (一)岩浆作用特性 阳德侵入体由作为侵入岩体基底的斑状黑云母花岗岩,中粗粒黑云母花岗岩和沿着侵入岩体北西边缘发育的细粒白云母花岗岩及伟晶岩组成。此外还有花岗斑岩、石英斑岩等酸性岩脉和闪长玢岩、煌斑岩及     

安徽滁州李集—三合集地区绢云母矿床地质特征及成矿模式

皖东滁州张八岭地区具有丰富的绢云母矿产资源,近年来陆续发现并探明多处绢云母矿床,是我国重要的绢云母矿产地。文章基于对安徽滁州李集—三合集一带1∶50 000区域矿产地质调查,结合前人资料,论述了该区绢云母矿床的区域地质背景、矿床地质特征、矿床成因及成矿控制因素,建立了绢云母矿床区域成矿模式。研究认为该区绢云母矿床受青白口纪西冷岩组地层控制,西冷岩组原岩为一套海相喷发的火山岩夹陆源碎屑岩,属细碧—石英角斑岩—碎屑岩建造,经低绿片岩相变质变形后形成不同类型的绢云母片岩。该绢云母矿床的成因为火山沉积变质矿床,印支期是西冷岩组变质变形的主构造期,为绢云母矿床的主成矿期。     

雪峰山东段-连云山杂岩区域变质特征及岩石圈深部作用信息

通过对新近发现的连云山杂岩空间分布特征、岩相学、变质作用期次等的深入研究，表明它们经历了五期变质作用，即吕梁运动导致初始的埋藏变质作用以及随后深埋到33km深度的近高压绿片岩相变质作用和角闪岩相作用。此后因基性岩浆多次底侵和基底活化，连云山杂岩在晋宁期和燕山期遭受过多期次的局部高角闪岩相的变质作用，最后随湘东北盆－岭构造的形成和发展而进入退变质阶段，整个过程为近顺时针方向演化的P－T轨迹。其P－Ttd轨迹揭示了湘东北地区壳幔间相互作用过程和热历史演变。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.     

Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.     

Organochlorine pesticides in soils under different land usage in the Taihu Lake region, China

A field study was conducted in the Taihu Lake region, China in 2004 to reveal the organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soils after the ban of these substances in the year 1983. Thirteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in soils from paddy field, tree land and fallow land. Total organochlorine pesticide residues were higher in agricultural soils than in uncultivated fallow land soils. Among all the pesticides, ΣDDX (DDD, DDE and DDT) had the highest concentration for all the soil samples, ranging from 3.10 ng/g to 166.55 ng/g with a mean value of 57.04 ng/g and followed by ΣHCH, ranging from 0.73 ng/g to 60.97 ng/g with a mean value of 24.06 ng/g. Dieldrin, endrin, HCB and α-endosulfan were also found in soils with less than 15 ng/g. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT in soils under three land usages were: paddy field ＞ tree land ＞ fallow land, indicating that land usage inlfuenced the degradation of DDT in soils. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT ＞1, showing aged residues of DDTs in soils of the Taihu Lake region. The results were discussed with data from a former study that showed very low actual concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils in the Taihu Lake region, but according to the chemical half-lives and their concentrations in soils in 1980s, the concentration of DDT in soils seemed to be underestimated. In any case our data show that the ban on the use of HCH and DDT resulted in a tremendous reduction of these pesticide residues in soils, but there are still high amounts of pesticide residues in soils, which need more remediation processes.     

Sorption of 1-naphthol by plant cuticular fractions

The contribution of aliphatic-rich plant biopolymer to sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds is significantly important because of their preservation and accumulation in the soil environment,but sorption mechanism is still not fully understood.In this study, sorption of 1-naphthol by plant cuticular fractions was examined to better understand the contributions of respective fraction.Toward this end,cuticular materials were isolated from the fruits of tomato by chemical method.The tomato cuticle sheet consisted of waxes (6.5 wt%),cuticular monomer (69.5 wt%),and polysaccharide (24.0 wt%).Isotherms of l-naphthol to the cuticular fractions were nonlinear (N value (0.82-0.90)) at the whole tested concentration ranges.The KodKow ratios for bulk cuticle (TC1),dewaxed cuticle (TC2),cutin (TC4),and desugared cuticle (TC5) were larger than unity,suggested that tomato bulk cuticle and cutin are much powerful solption medium.Sorption capability of cutin (TC4) was 2.4 times higher than the nonsaponifiable fraction (TC3).The 1-naphthol interactions with tomato cuticular materials were governed by both hydrophobic-type interactions and polar (H-bonding) interactions. Removal of the wax and polysaccharide materials from the bulk tomato cuticle caused a significant increase in the sorption ability of the cuticular material.There was a linear negative trend between K_(oc) values and the amount of polysaccharides or fraction's polarities ((N O)/C);while a linear positive relationship between K_(oc) values and the content of cutin monomer (linear R~2=0.993) was observed for present in the cuticular fractions.Predominant sorbent of the hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in the plant cuticular fraction was the cutin monomer,contributing to 91.7% of the total sorption of tomato bulk cuticle.