Responses of greenhouse gas fluxes to experimental warming in wheat season under conventional tillage and no-tillage fields

Understanding the effects of warming on greenhouse gas(GHG, such as N_2O, CH_4 and CO_2 )feedbacks to climate change represents the major environmental issue. However, little information is available on how warming effects on GHG fluxes in farmland of North China Plain(NCP). An infrared warming simulation experiment was used to assess the responses of N_2O, CH_4 and CO_2 to warming in wheat season of 2012–2014 from conventional tillage(CT) and no-tillage(NT) systems. The results showed that warming increased cumulative N_2O emission by 7.7% in CT but decreased it by 9.7% in NT fields(p 0.05). Cumulative CH_4 uptake and CO_2 emission were increased by 28.7%–51.7% and 6.3%–15.9% in both two tillage systems,respectively(p 0.05). The stepwise regressions relationship between GHG fluxes and soil temperature and soil moisture indicated that the supply soil moisture due to irrigation and precipitation would enhance the positive warming effects on GHG fluxes in two wheat seasons.However, in 2013, the long-term drought stress due to infrared warming and less precipitation decreased N_2O and CO_2 emission in warmed treatments. In contrast, warming during this time increased CH_4 emission from deep soil depth. Across two years wheat seasons, warming significantly decreased by 30.3% and 63.9% sustained-flux global warming potential(SGWP) of N_2O and CH_4 expressed as CO_2 equivalent in CT and NT fields, respectively. However, increase in soil CO_2 emission indicated that future warming projection might provide positive feedback between soil C release and global warming in NCP.     

秦岭太白红杉林土壤有机碳密度研究

土壤有机碳(Soil Organic Carbon,SOC)库是陆地生态系统中最大的碳库,确定土壤有机碳储量及影响因子对碳循环和气候变化的研究具有重要意义.在秦岭太白山南、北坡分别沿不同海拔梯度共调查了太白红杉(Larix chinensis Beissn)林的18个样点,共计54个土壤剖面,分南、北坡对太白红杉林土壤有机碳密度进行了估算,并分析了土壤有机碳的主要影响因子.结果表明:太白红杉林北坡土壤有机碳平均密度在枯落物层为(0.31±0.18)kg/m2,在0～100 cm土层为(15.84±9.08)kg/m2;南坡土壤有机碳平均密度在枯落物层为(0.27±0.07)kg/m2,在0～100 cm土层为(14.51±7.85)kg/m2;太白红杉林南、北坡0～100 cm土层土壤有机碳平均密度为(15.18±8.51)kg/m2.秦岭太白红杉林北坡0～100 cm土层土壤有机碳密度随海拔的增加呈显著减小趋势(P0.05),此外,该层土壤有机碳密度随年降水量的增加呈下降趋势.土壤容重与w(有机碳)呈显著负相关(P0.05).     

干旱沙区人工固沙植被演变过程中土壤有机碳氮储量及其分布特征

通过测定干旱沙区不同年代人工植被固沙区土壤剖面1 m深度容重和有机碳、全氮含量,估算了人工固沙植被演变过程中土壤有机碳和全氮储量特征及其垂直分布格局.研究表明,干旱沙区人工固沙植被演变过程中,0～100 cm深土壤有机碳和全氮储量均呈增加趋势;有机碳氮储量表现出了固沙初期的显著增加期(<16 a),随后的缓慢增加积累期(16～25 a),及后期的显著增加期(>25 a),该变化趋势主要体现在0～20 cm的表层.土壤有机碳氮储量增加程度随深度增加有降低趋势,并且表层土壤(0～20 cm)有机碳和全氮储量远大于深层土壤(20～100 cm);固沙初期土壤有机碳和全氮储量的增加体现在0～100 cm各个深度,而随后积累期主要体现在0～20 cm深度,固沙后期的增加也主要在0～20 cm深度,20 cm以下增加不明显;0～100 cm深土壤有机碳氮储量表聚性随固沙植被演变越来越明显.明确了降水<200 mm的沙区人工固沙过程中植被和土壤特征的改变对土壤有机碳氮储量及分布特征的影响,为更好地理解干旱人工植被区的碳循环特征和预测该生态系统与气候变化间的反馈关系奠定了基础.     

The potential to increase soil carbon stocks through reduced tillage or organic material additions in England and Wales: A case study

Results from the UK were reviewed to quantify the impact on climate change mitigation of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks as a result of (1) a change from conventional to less intensive tillage and (2) addition of organic materials including farm manures, digested biosolids, cereal straw, green manure and paper crumble. The average annual increase in SOC deriving from reduced tillage was 310 kg C ± 180 kg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. Even this accumulation of C is unlikely to be achieved in the UK and northwest Europe because farmers practice rotational tillage. N₂O emissions may increase under reduced tillage, counteracting increases in SOC. Addition of biosolids increased SOC (in kg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ t⁻¹ dry solids added) by on average 60 ± 20 (farm manures), 180 ± 24 (digested biosolids), 50 ± 15 (cereal straw), 60 ± 10 (green compost) and an estimated 60 (paper crumble). SOC accumulation declines in long-term experiments (>50 yr) with farm manure applications as a new equilibrium is approached. Biosolids are typically already applied to soil, so increases in SOC cannot be regarded as mitigation. Large increases in SOC were deduced for paper crumble (>6 t C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) but outweighed by N₂O emissions deriving from additional fertiliser. Compost offers genuine potential for mitigation because application replaces disposal to landfill; it also decreases N₂O emission.     

Long-term tillage effects on atrazine and fluometuron sorption in Coastal Plain soils

Conservation tillage (CnT) management practices are known to increase levels of soil organic matter (SOM) in southeastern Coastal Plain soils. Plant residues in CnT systems accumulate at the surface and, with time, will form a layer enriched in SOM. The authors hypothesize that herbicide sorption will be highest in this SOM-enriched zone of CnT systems when compared to sorption at a similar depth in conventional tillage (CT) systems. The objective was to characterize the impact of two different tillage systems, CnT and CT, on sorption of atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] and fluometuron [N,N-dimethyl-N′-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl urea] in plots of Norfolk loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous thermic Typic Kandiudult). The plots have been under CnT and CT management for 18 yrs. Bulk (0–15 cm) and five equal incremental soil samples to a 15 cm depth were collected from 10 CnT and 10 CT plots, and the atrazine (ATR) and fluometuron (FLMT) sorption coefficients (K_d) were measured using batch equilibration. Significantly higher herbicide K_d values occurred in the CnT 0–3 cm samples, indicating that the highest amount of herbicide sorption occurred in the top few cm of soil. This corresponded to the stratified soil organic carbon (SOC) contents in topsoil of the CnT plots. In addition, analyses of covariance using SOC as the covariant to test for tillage effects indicated complex interactions among SOC, tillage, and depth. Those results confirm that tillage and soil depth will affect SOC contents of a Norfolk loamy sand, which correspondly will influence the magnitude of ATR and FLMT sorption.     

Estimating net primary production and annual plant carbon inputs, and modelling future changes in soil carbon stocks in arable farmlands of northern Japan

Soil C sequestration in croplands is deemed to be one of the most promising greenhouse gas mitigation options for Japan's agriculture. In this context, changes in soil C stocks in northern Japan's arable farming area over the period of 1971-2010, specifically in the region's typical Andosol (volcanic ash-derived) and non-Andosol soils, were simulated using soil-type-specific versions of the Rothamsted carbon model (RothC). The models were then used to predict the effects, over the period of 2011-2050, of three potential management scenarios: (i) baseline: maintenance of present crop residue returns and green manure crops, as well as composted cattle manure C inputs (24-34 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ applied on 3-55% of arable land according to crop), (ii) cattle manure: all arable fields receive 20 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ of composted cattle manure, increased C inputs from crop residues and present C inputs from green manure are assumed, and (iii) minimum input: all above-ground crop residues removed, no green manure crop, no cattle manure applied. Above- and below-ground residue biomass C inputs contributed by 8 major crops, and oats employed as a green manure crop, were drawn from yield statistics recorded at the township level and crop-specific allometric relationships (e.g. ratio of above-ground residue biomass to harvested biomass on a dry weight basis). Estimated crop net primary production (NPP) ranged from 1.60 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ for adzuki bean to 8.75 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ for silage corn. For the whole region (143 × 10³ ha), overall NPP was estimated at 952 ± 60 Gg C yr⁻¹ (6.66 ± 0.42 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). Plant C inputs to the soil also varied widely amongst the crops, ranging from 0.50 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ for potato to 3.26 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ for winter wheat. Annual plant C inputs to the soil were estimated at 360 ± 45 Gg C yr⁻¹ (2.52 ± 0.32 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), representing 38% of the cropland NPP. The RothC simulations suggest that the region's soil C stock (0-30 cm horizon), across all soils, has decreased from 13.96 Tg C (107.5 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) in 1970 to 12.46 Tg C (96.0 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) in 2010. For the baseline, cattle manure and minimum input scenarios, soil C stocks of 12.13, 13.27 and 9.82 Tg C, respectively, were projected for 2050. Over the period of 2011-2050, compared to the baseline scenario, soil C was sequestered (+0.219 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) by enhanced cattle manure application, but was lost (−0.445 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) under the minimum input scenario. The effect of variations of input data (monthly mean temperature, monthly precipitation, plant C inputs and cattle manure C inputs) on the uncertainty of model outputs for each scenario was assessed using a Monte Carlo approach. Taking into account the uncertainty (standard deviation as % of the mean) for the model's outputs for 2050 (5.1-6.1%), it is clear that the minimum input scenario would lead to a rapid decrease in soil C stocks for arable farmlands in northern Japan.     

Direct N2O emissions following transition from conventional till to no-till in a cover cropped Mediterranean vineyard (Vitis vinifera)

Knowing underlying practices for current greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is a necessary precursor for developing best management practices aimed at reducing N₂O emissions. The effect of no-till management on nitrous oxide (N₂O), a potent greenhouse gas, remains largely unclear, especially in perennial agroecosystems. The objective of this study was to compare direct N₂O emissions associated with management events in a cover-cropped Mediterranean vineyard under conventional tillage (CT) versus no-till (NT) practices. This study took place in a wine grape vineyard over one full growing season, with a focus on the seven to ten days following vineyard floor management and precipitation events. Cumulative N₂O emissions in the NT system were greater under both the vine and the tractor row compared to CT, with 0.15 ± 0.026 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹ growing season⁻¹ emitted from the CT vine compared to 0.22 ± 0.032 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹ growing season⁻¹ emitted from the NT vine and 0.13 ± 0.048 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹growing season⁻¹ emitted from the CT row compared to 0.19 ± 0.019 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹ growing season⁻¹ from the NT row. Yet these variations were not significant, indicating no differences in seasonal N₂O emissions following conversion from CT to NT compared to long-term CT management. Individual management events such as fertilization and cover cropping, however, had a major impact on seasonal emissions, indicating that management events play a critical role in N₂O emission patterns.     

山东省土壤有机碳密度的空间分布特征及其影响因素

利用2010年完成的山东省多目标区域地球化学调查获得的双层网格化大密度、高精度土壤碳数据,估算了全省土壤表层(0～20 cm)、中上层(0～100 cm)和全层(0～160 cm)的土壤有机碳(SOC)密度及其储量,并分析不同土壤类型、地貌类型、土地利用类型下土壤有机碳密度及其储量的空间分布特征及影响因素. 结果表明:①山东省不同深度土壤碳库组成存在一定差异,其中表层土壤碳库以有机碳为主,而全层土壤碳库则以无机碳为主. ②全省表层土壤有机碳储量为350.65×106 t,平均土壤有机碳密度为2.22 kg/m2,但在不同土壤类型、地貌类型和土地利用类型之间差异显著. ③土壤中较高的w(黏粒)、w(Se)、w(TN)和稳定的C/N等土壤条件均可促使w(SOC)增加,而土壤盐渍化、高硅、富盐基离子的沙性土壤环境则不利于有机碳的积累;此外,人类活动对林地、草地的破坏,以及灌溉水田、园地、林地等土地利用方式的改变也会导致土壤有机碳流失;土壤有机碳积累受降水量影响明显,随多年平均降水量的增加而增大,但受气温影响不明显. 在各因素综合影响下,山东省表层土壤有机碳密度分布呈沿海低、鲁西北平原和胶莱盆地中等、鲁中南山地丘陵和中低山区偏高的分布特征.      

Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature on the soil profile methane distribution and diffusion in rice–wheat rotation system

The aim of this experiment was to determine the impacts of climate change on soil profile concentrations and diffusion effluxes of methane in a rice–wheat annual rotation ecosystem in Southeastern China. We initiated a field experiment with four treatments: ambient conditions (CKs), CO₂ concentration elevated to ~ 500 μmol/mol (FACE), temperature elevated by ca. 2°C (T) and combined elevation of CO₂ concentration and temperature (FACE + T). A multilevel sampling probe was designed to collect the soil gas at four different depths, namely, 7 cm, 15 cm, 30 cm and 50 cm. Methane concentrations were higher during the rice season and decreased with depth, while lower during the wheat season and increased with depth. Compared to CK, mean methane concentration was increased by 42%, 57% and 71% under the FACE, FACE + T and T treatments, respectively, at the 7 cm depth during the rice season (p < 0.05). Mean methane diffusion effluxes to the 7 cm depth were positive in the rice season and negative in the wheat season, resulting in the paddy field being a source and weak sink, respectively. Moreover, mean methane diffusion effluxes in the rice season were 0.94, 1.19 and 1.42 mg C/(m²·hr) in the FACE, FACE + T and T treatments, respectively, being clearly higher than that in the CK. The results indicated that elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration and temperature could significantly increase soil profile methane concentrations and their effluxes from a rice–wheat field annual rotation ecosystem (p < 0.05).     

Organic carbon stock in topsoil of Jiangsu Province, China, and the recent trend of carbon sequestration

Data collection of soil organic carbon(SOC) of 154 soil series of Jiangsu, China from the second provincial soil survey and of recent changes in SOC from a number of field pilot experiments across the province were collected. Statistical analysis of SOC contents and soil properties related to organic carbon storage were performed. The provincial total topsoil SOC stock was estimated to be O. 1 Pg with an extended pool of 0.4 Pg taking soil depth of 1 m, being relatively small compared to its total land area of lOl?00 km^2. One quarter of this topsoil stock was found in the soils of the Taihu Lake region that occupied 1/6 of the provincial arable area. Paddy soils accounted for over 50% of this stock in terms of SOC distribution among the soil types in the province. Experimental data from experimental farms widely distributed in the province showed that SOC storage increased consistently over the last 20 years despite a previously reported decreasing tendency during the period between 1950--1970. The evidence indicated that agricultural management practices such as irrigation, straw return and rotation of upland crops with rice or wheat crops contributed significantly to the increase in SOC storage. The annual carbon sequestration rate in the soils was in the range of 0.3-3.5 tC/(hm^2. a), depending on cropping systems and other agricultural practices. Thus, the agricultural production in the province, despite the high input, could serve as one of the practical methods to mitigate the increasing air CO2.     

闽江河口区互花米草入侵不同年限下湿地土壤有机碳变化

为阐明互花米草的固碳潜力,论文在闽江河口区鳝鱼滩湿地选择不同入侵年限的样地,对其0~60 cm土壤理化性质和碳库变化进行测定与分析。结果表明：1） Y₄（<4 a）、Y₈（4~8 a）和Y₁₂（8~12 a）3个采样点土壤有机碳含量均值分别为 15.5、17.77和19.71 g·kg^-1,土壤有机碳密度均值分别为10.68、12.29和15.01 kg·m^-3,总有机碳储量均值分别为65.24、73.99和90.30 t·hm^-2,其中表层0~20 cm土壤有机碳增加最为显著;2）互花米草入侵引起湿地土壤粘粒和粉粒组成增加,容重和砂粒组成降低,表层土壤C/N增加明显;3）土壤有机碳含量与pH值、盐度、土壤含水量、C/N、平均粒径、粘粒组成呈显著正相关,与容重、砂粒组成呈显著负相关。通过研究发现,短期入侵的互花米草湿地土壤有机碳持续增加,具有较强的有机碳富集能力,在单位面积上可以有效增强河口湿地生态系统的碳蓄积。     

种植花椒对喀斯特石漠化地区土壤有机碳矿化及活性有机碳的影响

以贵州西南部典型石漠化治理示范区内5年、17年、30年生花椒林和乔木林(约60年)土壤为对象,采用室内模拟培养方法研究了0~15、15~30、30~50 cm这3个剖面土壤有机碳的矿化特征及活性有机碳的含量变化.结果表明,30年生花椒林土壤有机碳累计矿化量在各层土壤中均高于对应的乔木林土壤,而5年、17年生花椒林地各层土壤则均低于对应的乔木林土壤,3种花椒林土壤有机碳累计矿化量分配比在各层均高于对应的乔木林土壤.长期种植花椒增加了土壤有机碳的矿化量,降低了土壤有机碳的稳定性.乔木林土壤易氧化有机碳和颗粒有机碳在各层均显著高于对应的3种花椒林土壤(P0.05).随花椒种植年限增加,土壤易氧化有机碳和颗粒有机碳含量在0~15 cm和15~30 cm土层先增加后减少,在30~50cm土层则为先减少后增加.短期花椒种植有利于土壤活性有机碳的增加,长期则降低了0~15 cm和15~30 cm层土壤活性有机碳含量,花椒种植有利于深层(30~50 cm)土壤活性有机碳的积累.     

滇黔桂地区土壤有机碳储量与影响因素研究

土壤有机碳(SOC)库在陆地生态系统中具有重要作用.由于土壤剖面数量和采用的土壤图比例尺等的限制,目前土壤有机碳库估箅尚存在很大不确定性.为了提高SOC库估算的精确性,利用798个土壤剖面及1:50万土壤图估算了滇黔桂地区(云南省、贵州省和广西壮族自治区)的SOC储量,并采用逐步回归分析和通径分析方法分析了影响SOC密度的主要因子.结果表明,滇黔桂地区表土层(0-20 cm)和土壤剖面(0-100 cm)的SOC储量分别为4.39 Pg和10.91 Pg;SOC密度分别为56.2Mg·hm-2和139.8 Mg·hm-2.高于全国平均水平.环境因子(海拔、经度、纬度、气温和降雨)、成土母质和土地利用方式对表土层和土壤剖面SOC密度变异性的解释度分别为37.9%和30.7%;环境因子为影响SOC密度的主要因子.环境因子中.气温对SOC密度的影响大干降雨,其中气温和降雨的变化分别主要由海拔和纬度的变化引起的.除气温和降雨外,还有其它随海拔或经纬度而变化的因子也对SOC密度产生显著影响,这种影响要大于降雨的影响.     

密云水库上游流域土壤有机碳和全氮密度影响因素研究

为揭示影响密云水库上游流域土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon,SOC)和全氮(total nitrogen,TN)密度的主要因子,采用野外采样、实验室分析和数理统计分析相结合的方法,研究了气候(温度和降水)、地形(海拔和坡度)、土壤理化性质(土壤容重、含水量、pH值和黏粒含量)以及土地利用方式等因素对SOC和TN密度的影响.结果表明,密云水库上游流域森林、草地、农田这3种土地利用类型表层(0～20 cm)SOC密度分别为4.77、6.79和2.90 kg.m-2,TN密度分别为0.41、0.69和0.30kg.m-2,3种土地利用类型之间SOC和TN密度差异显著(P<0.05);土壤含水量、土地利用方式、坡度、土壤pH值和黏粒含量是影响SOC密度的主要因子,土地利用方式、土壤黏粒含量和含水量则是影响TN密度的主要因子;气候、地形、土壤理化性质等区域环境因子共同解释了SOC和TN密度变异性的63.6%和53.4%,而环境因子和土地利用方式对SOC和TN密度变异性的综合解释程度分别为67.6%和57.8%.土地利用对SOC和TN密度变异性的贡献相对于环境因子而言较小,因此,建立高空间分辨率的区域环境因子数据库将是精确估算区域土壤碳氮贮量的关键环节.     

黄土高原典型土壤有机碳和微生物碳分布特征的研究

以阐明黄土高原典型区域土壤有机碳(SOC)含量和储量及微生物碳(Mc)含量随土壤类型、土层和土地利用方式变异规律为目的,研究了从北向南依次分布的干润砂质新成土(神木)、黄土正常新成土(延安)和土垫旱耕人为土(杨凌)等典型土壤的SOC含量和储量及Mc含量的变化特征。结果表明,不同土壤类型、不同土层SOC和Mc含量存在显著差异。同一土壤类型SOC和Mc含量在0～60cm随土层深度增加下降很明显,60～120cm土层有轻微下降,120cm土层以下低而稳定,同层次土壤从南到北,SOC、Mc和SOC储量含量显著下降,均以土垫旱耕人为土最高,黄土正常新成土次之,干润砂质新成土最低,且差异显著(P<0.05);0～200cm土层SOC总储量也沿土垫旱耕人为土(102.23±30.12t/hm²)、黄土正常新成土(67.78±9.23t/hm²)、干润砂质新成土(27.07±4.59t/hm²)依次下降;土垫旱耕人为土、黄土正常新成土和干润砂质新成土在100～200cm土层SOC累积量分别是0～100cm土层的65%、74%和58%,因此在研究黄土高原SOC贮量时必需考虑深层贮量的贡献。Mc随土壤类型的变化趋势与SOC基本相同,与SOC间存在极显著正相关关系(P<0.01);土壤Mc/SOC比值范围为0.005～0.05,土地利用仅对干润砂质新成土和土垫旱耕人为土SOC含量和储量影响显著(P>0.05),但对3种土壤Mc和Mc/SOC比值均产生显著影响;与农田土壤相比,草地土壤Mc和Mc/SOC比值均明显增加,这一结果说明用Mc和Mc/SOC比值更能有效反映土壤质量的变化。     

三峡库区不同林草措施土壤活性有机碳及抗蚀性研究

采用野外定位观测,研究三峡库区坡耕地7种林草治理措施下土壤活性有机碳组分(颗粒性有机碳、可溶性有机碳、易氧化有机碳和微生物生物量碳)含量和团聚体数量特征,并分析了团聚体的分形特征和可蚀性.结果表明,不同林草治理措施下,土壤有机碳及活性有机碳组分含量随土壤深度的增加而降低,其中0～10 cm土壤有机碳及各活性有机碳组分含量显著高于20～30 cm.林草措施治理对土壤团聚体稳定性也具有显著影响,>0.25 mm水稳性大团聚体总量总体上表现为:栾树+黄花槐>植物篱>封山育林>自然恢复>经济林>传统农作>裸地对照,且与土壤有机碳含量呈正相关.不同林草治理措施下土壤具有一定的土壤分形特性.其中栾树+黄花槐措施下土壤的分形维数、可蚀性K值最小,土壤结构稳定性和抗侵蚀能力相对较强.不同土壤深度下活性有机碳组分与土壤可蚀性K值均呈极显著负相关关系,以上研究表明通过不同林草治理措施的治理可改变土壤性状,从而影响土壤抗蚀能力.     

桂林毛村岩溶区三种亚类石灰土有机碳矿化研究

应用土壤培养法,比较分析了桂林毛村典型岩溶区黑色石灰土、棕色石灰土、红色石灰土三种亚类石灰土在25℃和70%田间饱和含水量条件下培养90d有机碳矿化速率的差异。结果显示:各亚类土壤有机碳矿化速率和累积释放CO2-C量总体上都随土层加深而递减。0～20cm至20～40cm层递减幅度最大。各亚类石灰土有机碳矿化速率和累计释放量的大小顺序为:黑色石灰土>棕色石灰土>红色石灰土,黑色石灰土的矿化速率远远大于棕色石灰土和红色石灰土,其中0～20cm土层差异最大。土壤有机碳矿化速率和有机碳含量呈正相关。黑色石灰土土壤有机碳矿化释放的CO2-C分配比例最高,达到3.33%,其次是红色石灰土,比例为2.92%,旱地棕色石灰土矿化比例最低,为1.90%,说明桂林毛村典型岩溶区黑色石灰土和红色石灰土有机碳稳定性较弱,旱地棕色石灰土具有较强的固定有机碳能力。     

缙云山不同林分下土壤有机碳及矿化特征

土壤有机碳库是陆地最大的有机碳储存库,其微弱的变化就能影响大气CO2浓度的显著变化,其中森林土壤碳库约占全球土壤碳库的70%,因此如何实现森林生态系统土壤有机碳库的高效管理成为目前的研究热点.本研究以缙云山5种典型林分:阔叶林、针叶林、针阔叶混交林、竹林及研究区内弃耕15 a的荒草地(对照土壤)为对象,采用矿化培养实验,分析了不同林分的土壤在不同土层(0～20、20～40、40～60、60～100 cm)中的有机碳矿化特征.结果表明,林分类型、培养时长和土层深度均对土壤有机碳矿化速率有显著影响.不同林分土壤有机碳矿化速率均随着土层加深而降低,其中0～20 cm土层的矿化速率[11. 97～25. 12 mg·(kg·d)-1]均显著高于其他土层(P 0. 05),其他土层间矿化速率[4. 79～6. 51mg·(kg·d)-1]无显著性差异. 5种林分的土壤有机碳累积矿化量均随着土层加深而降低,0～20 cm土层中竹林和阔叶林土壤有机碳累积矿化量最高,分别为177. 66 mg·kg~(-1)和120. 38 mg·kg~(-1),随着土层加深在60～100 cm土层中,针叶林累计矿化量最高达到了46. 96 mg·kg~(-1).双库一级动力学方程可以较好地拟合缙云山不同林分下土壤有机碳矿化过程,不同林分下土壤易分解有机碳含量均随土层加深而降低,针叶林土壤矿化能力较强,对难分解有机碳库的利用程度较高,而竹林和阔叶林土壤微生物活性较高,可以有效促进碳循环,提高土壤固碳能力.     

黄土高原不同植被覆盖下土壤有机碳的分布特征及其同位素组成研究

土壤有机碳（SOC）含量及其8^13C值随深度变化的趋势可以反映植物残体的输入及其在土壤中分解累积特征,有助于揭示SOC循环过程及规律。本研究以黄土高原不同植被类型覆盖条件下的黄土剖面为研究对象,通过测定土壤属性、SOC含量和植物优势种、枯枝落叶、土壤有机质的稳定同位素组成,对该区域SOC深度分布和有机质8”C值组成差...     

黄土丘陵区不同有机碳水平侵蚀坡面土壤微生物量碳的分布特征

通过分析5种不同有机碳水平侵蚀坡面上土壤微生物量碳的空间分布特征及其影响因素,探究了不同土壤有机碳水平下侵蚀和土壤微生物量碳的"压力-响应"关系.结果表明:10~20 cm土层土壤微生物量碳含量随土壤有机碳水平的增加而增加.0~10 cm土层土壤微生物量碳含量比10~20 cm土层更易受坡面有机碳背景的影响,且对侵蚀的响应较敏感;2土壤微生物碳含量随着土层深度的加深而减少,当坡面有机碳水平为5.68 g·kg-1时,土壤微生物量碳的剖面分布差异最大.土壤微生物量碳的水平分布表现为沉积区对照区侵蚀区,当坡面有机碳含量在4.92~5.65 g·kg-1范围内,其水平分布差异较大.即在中等有机碳水平的侵蚀坡面上,土壤微生物量碳的空间分布差异较大,对侵蚀的响应较敏感;3土壤微生物量碳的空间分布主要受坡面土壤有机碳水平的影响;其次受坡位、土壤平均含水量、土壤容重等的影响.