乌鲁木齐河地区土埌中汞的含量水平

汞是人们重视的环境污染物。汞元素在各自的自然地理环境中,在三相间不断的循环转化,同时由于人类的工农业生产活动,有意无意地使汞进入环境,污染大气、水体及土壤。本文主要是探讨乌鲁木齐河地区(简称乌河地区)土壤中汞的含量水平,为此,研究了乌河地区土壤中汞的背景值,并在工业集中的乌鲁木齐市区采集表层土壤,研究乌市土壤中汞的污染程度,作为评价坏境质量提供依据。     

昌吉州汞污染的分析

汞在常温下是有光泽的液态金属,在自然界多以化合物形式存在,矿产中主要以硫化物“辰砂”(HgS)形式存在。自然环境中除矿区附近外,汞含量都是很少的,例如大气中含量为0.02μg/m~3,土壤中含量在0.1mg/Kg 以下,河水汞含量在0.0001mg/L 以下;生物体中也都含有微量的汞。过多的含量大都是人为的污染。汞及其化合物都有毒。无机态的毒性较轻,有机态的特别是甲基汞毒性很强。水、食物中的汞可经口进入人体;大气中的汞可由呼吸道进入人体;汞还可经接触进入人体。大量汞摄入人体可引起急性中毒;微量汞长期进入人体,经蓄积到达一定程度时,才出现中毒症状。由于汞对神经有毒害,所以汞中毒晚期会出现运动失调、神经紊乱乃至死亡等严重后     

土-气界面汞交换特征研究进展

本文综述了20多年来汞在土壤-大气界面间交换的研究现状,包括汞在大气和土壤中的存在形态、大气汞的干湿沉降、土壤汞释放及影响因素的研究,分析其存在的问题,并提出了未来的研究重点。     

与时俱进的四川省水文水资源勘测局

四川省水文水资源勘测局（四川省水环境检测中心）是四川省水文行业管理的职能部门，长期从事水文水资源监测和预报、水文水资源调查评价，承担全省降水、地表水、地下水水量和水质的监测及防汛、抗旱、减灾的任务。目前，四川省水文水资源勘测局已建成水文水资源监测站941个（其中水文站134个，雨量站530个，水质监测站210个，地下水监测站50个，墒情监测站17个），形成了覆盖全省的水资源监测网络。     

土壤环境汞形态及吸附解吸研究进展

汞污染一直是全球备受关注的问题,由于土壤是环境汞的源和汇,因此已经开展了大量相关的研究工作。本论文系统总结了土壤环境汞形态及吸附解吸特征的研究现状,综述了不同类型土壤汞的背景含量,以及汞在土壤中的赋存形态,分析了土壤汞吸附特征及几种典型的土壤吸附剂（粘土矿物、铁锰氧化物、硫化物和土壤有机质）对汞吸附的作用机制。     

西宁地区环境有害元素砷汞含量及其防治对策

对西宁地区自然环境（土壤、水体、农作物）中有害元素的调查分析表明,砷、汞含量水平相对较低,总体环境状况良好,局部土壤砷和汞的污染主要由人为活动（工业性大气降尘和农药、化肥施用等）所致。结合环境污染特点,探讨了砷、汞污染防治对策     

山地土壤—植物系统中汞污染问题的初步调查

调查研究表明：在山地大气、水体质量较好的环境中,柑橘（含汞量）有超标问题,其土壤汞有超背景值现象;而蔬菜土壤则无此问题,其原因可能是由于多年生植物从大气和土壤中富积微量汞的时间较一年生植物长,以及土壤中砂粒结合汞粘粒结合汞具有更高的生物活性     

川东食管癌高发区土壤地球化学环境的初探

我国是世界上食管癌发病率最高的国家之一。本文对比了四川省内食管癌高、低发病区的土壤地球化学环境，计算了土壤中微量元素有效态含量的总量，结果发现高、低发病区在耕地利用类型，土壤类型以及土壤的物理、化学性质方面都存在明显差异，表明土壤地球化学环境恶劣、尤其是土壤中微量元素缺乏与食管癌高发有密切关系。     

新疆绿色食品与水土环境

新疆特殊的自然环境条件，决定了新疆绿色食品，尤其是园艺生产的瓜果品质优良，风味独特，优于其它省区。通过对新疆绿色食品原料基地的水质、土壤、大气的实地环境监测，结果表明：优质的农产品多来源于远离城镇的绿洲，自然生态环境较封闭，人为环境污染相对较小，土壤中各种微量元素的含量均在土壤背景值范围内（标准值上2S）；绿洲的水源依赖于天山、阿尔泰山和昆仑山冰雪融水和山区降水补给，水质清洁、矿化度较低。“绿色食品’廉自最佳生态环境，开发本地区绿色食品首要而基本的条件是：选择产品生产地应具有优良的生态环境，即大气环境、水环境、土壤环境（营养元素）的质量和对污染物（农药、化肥、有毒元素等）的有效控制。     

四川省城市放射性废物库辐射环境质量的监测与调查分析

四川省城市放射性废物库是四川省唯一的放射性废物(源)国家二级暂存库,是保证四川省辐射环境安全的重要设施。通过对四川省城市放射性废物库的辐射环境监测方法的介绍,从环境γ辐射剂量率、水和大气总α、总β放射性活度浓度水平、土壤中敏感核素含量等方面,分析了2011～2018年的辐射环境年度监测报告数据。结果表明四川省城市放射性废物库运行良好,辐射环境安全,不存在放射性污染的情况。     

会理污灌区重金属污染的调查,评价及防治对策

本文调查、评价了会理县锌矿污灌区内水、土、作物的重金属污染状况。调查结果表明：污灌区内土壤、作物重金属污染严重,尤以镉污染突出。作物中镉含量与距污染源距离呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．９９５）。镉在水稻植株各部位的分布,以根系含镉量最高,茎叶次之,谷粒最少。评价结果表明农灌水的污染程度不大,土壤中Ｃｄ、Ｚｎ、Ｐｂ污染是土壤污染的主要表现,水稻的污染较玉米更为严重。Ｃｄ已对人体健康构成潜在危害。本文还针对污染区的重金属污染提出了相应的防治措施     

Distribution and mobility of mercury in soils of a gold mining region, Cuyuni river basin, Venezuela

An extensive and remote gold mining region located in the East of Venezuela has been studied with the aim of assessing the distribution and mobility of mercury in soil and the level of Hg pollution at artisanal gold mining sites. To do so, soils and pond sediments were sampled at sites not subject to anthropological influence, as well as in areas affected by gold mining activities. Total Hg in regionally distributed soils ranged between 0.02 mg kg(-1) and 0.40 mg kg(-1), with a median value of 0.11 mg kg(-1), which is slightly higher than soil Hg worldwide, possibly indicating long-term atmospheric input or more recent local atmospheric input, in addition to minor lithogenic sources. A reference Hg concentration of 0.33 mg kg(-1) is proposed for the detection of mining affected soils in this region. Critical total Hg concentrations were found in the surrounding soils of pollutant sources, such as milling-amalgamation sites, where soil Hg contents ranged from 0.16 mg kg(-1) to 542 mg kg(-1) with an average of 26.89 mg kg(-1), which also showed high levels of elemental Hg, but quite low soluble+exchangeable Hg fraction (0.02-4.90 mg kg(-1)), suggesting low Hg soil mobility and bioavailability, as confirmed by soil column leaching tests. The vertical distribution of Hg through the soil profiles, as well as variations in soil Hg contents with distance from the pollution source, and Hg in pond mining sediments were also analysed.     

叙永县落卜硫铁矿矿山土壤环境治理效果研究

川南地区广泛分布无序开采的硫铁矿矿山,早期开采方式导致土壤酸化、重金属含量高等环境问题出现,2012年政府集中治理连片矿山地质环境恢复问题.研究了落卜硫铁矿矿区的土壤使用石灰和零散坡耕地整治对土壤酸化、重金属钝化修复效果.通过野外调查、采样分析测试、对比综合评价等方法证明,向土壤中投放石灰可以有效改善土壤酸化.在治理区...     

Non-point source mercury emission from the Idrija Hg-mine region: GIS mercury emission model

A mercury emission model was developed to estimate non-point source mercury (Hg) emissions occurring over the year from the Idrijca River catchment, draining the area of the world's second largest Hg mine in Idrija, Slovenia. Site-specific empirical correlations between the measured Hg emission fluxes and the parameters controlling the emission (comprising substrate Hg content, soil temperature, solar radiation and soil moisture) were incorporated into the mercury emission model developed using Geographic Information System technology. In this way, the spatial distribution and significance of the most polluted sites that need to be properly managed was assessed. The modelling results revealed that annually approximately 51 kg of mercury are emitted from contaminated surfaces in the catchment (640 km(2)), highlighting that emission from contaminated surfaces contributes significantly to the elevated Hg concentrations in the ambient air of the region. Very variable meteorological conditions in the modelling domain throughout the year resulted in the high seasonal and spatial variations of mercury emission fluxes observed. Moreover, it was found that mercury emission fluxes from surfaces in the Idrija region are 3-4 fold higher than the values commonly used in models representing emissions from global mercuriferous belts. Sensitivity and model uncertainty analysis indicated the importance of knowing not only the amount but also the type of mercury species and their binding in soils in future model development.     

长江上游及川江水系水环境中~(239)Pu的水平和分布情况

~(239)Pu是一种极毒的放射性核素,水环境,尤其是江河环境中~(239)Pu的水平与分析情况,目前在国内还未见有系统的报道,本文通过对长江的一些江段及川江水系水环境中~(239)Pu水平的分析,探讨了其分布情况及规律;并初步分析了目前长江水域中~(239)Pu的主要来源;得出了研究江段水底沉积物中~(239)Pu的沉积规律。     

四川省河流生态环境需水量统计分析评估

本文介绍了标准流量法计算河流生态环境需水量的状况，针对四川省情况结合四川省水文资料，用当前广泛应用的各种标准流量法，对四川省河流生态环境需水量进行统计计算分析。其成果可以为有关部门和设计研究人员提供背景资料或决策依据。     

根据土壤蓄水能力探讨若尔盖重要生态服务功能区的水源涵养功能

若尔盖水源涵养重要生态服务功能区是全国50个重要生态服务功能区域之一,具有极重要的水源涵养生态服务功能。该区涵盖四川省境内的黄河流域区,面积约1.6×104km2,区内分布有涵水能力极强的沼泽土和泥炭土,对调节黄河径流时空分布具有非常重要的作用。本文利用地理信息系统技术,用土壤饱和蓄水量指标评价了本区的水源涵养生态服务...     

Fish mercury increase in Lago Manso, a new hydroelectric reservoir in tropical Brazil

It has been frequently demonstrated that mercury (Hg) concentrations in fish rise in newly constructed hydroelectric reservoirs in the Northern Hemisphere. In the present work, we studied whether similar effects take place also in a tropical upland reservoir during impoundment and discuss possible causes and implications. Total Hg concentrations in fish and several soil and water parameters were determined before and after flooding at Rio Manso hydroelectric power plant in western Brazil. The Hg concentrations in soil and sediment were within the background levels in the region (22-35 ng g(-1) dry weight). There was a strong positive correlation between Hg and carbon and sulphur in sediment. Predatory fish had total Hg concentrations ranging between 70 and 210 ng g(-1) f.w. 7 years before flooding and between 72 and 755 ng g(-1) f.w. during flooding, but increased to between 216 and 938 ng g(-1) f.w. in the piscivorous and carnivorous species Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, cachara, and Salminus brasiliensis, dourado, 3 years after flooding. At the same time, concentrations of organic carbon in the water increased and oxygen concentrations decreased, indicating increased decomposition and anoxia as contributing to the increased Hg concentrations in fish. The present fish Hg concentrations in commonly consumed piscivorous species are a threat to the health of the population dependent on fishing in the dam and downstream river for sustenance. Mercury exposure can be reduced by following fish consumption recommendations until fish Hg concentrations decrease to a safe level.     

水库型与河流型水源地保护区土壤重金属污染评价与研究——以广安市为例

为摸清广安市城市集中式饮用水水源地一、二级保护区周边土壤环境状况,采用单项污染指数评价法和内梅罗综合污染指数法,对广安市河流型、水库型两种典型饮用水水源地保护区土壤污染状况进行评估,并简要分析周边环境敏感点.结果表明:水库型水源地29个、河流型水源地44个土壤检测样品均未检出镉,铜、锌、铅、镍、总铬、汞、砷均检出,变异...     

THREE‐DIMENSIONAL KRIGING ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENT MERCURY DISTRIBUTION: A CASE STUDY1

ABSTRACT: This study presents an application of a three‐dimensional kriging technique to estimate spatial distribution of total mercury (Hg) in the Cedar‐Ortega Rivers watershed located in the lower St. Johns River basin, Florida. The kriging procedures, including preliminary data analysis, structural data analysis and the log kriging estimation, are presented. Results show watershed wide Hg contamination of river sediment to a depth of 1.0 m. A three‐dimensional plot of Hg against the Florida Sediment Assessment Guidelines (i.e., the probable effect level or PEL) demonstrates that the Cedar River is more contaminated with Hg than the rest of the watershed. The maximum sediment depth with Hg concentrations above PEL value (0.696 mg/kg) is 1.5 m. Hg concentrations at or above this level could pose a significant hazard to aquatic organisms. Analysis of the spatial distribution of Hg in the watershed finds multiple input sources. This study suggests that there is a need to identify the major sources of Hg in the watershed, and to determine the pathways that allow Hg to enter the river.