A/O法处理城市污水中有机物的迁移转化

本文通过实验方法对A/O工艺处理城市污水过程中有机物的迁移和转化情况进行了研究.实验的主要方法是将原水、出水及活性污泥用乙酸丁酯萃取,萃取相经过真空浓缩后,用色谱一质谱(GC/MS)法对样品中的有机化合物进行了测定.测定结果表明,A/O工艺处理城市污水过程中,活性污泥对有机物的吸附作用是主要的,降解作用是次要的.     

A/O法处理城市污水中有机物的迁移转化

本文通过实验方法对A/O工艺处理城市污水过程中有机物的迁移和转化情况进行了研究.实验的主要方法是将原水、出水及活性污泥用乙酸丁酯萃取,萃取相经过真空浓缩后,用色谱一质谱(GC/MS)法对样品中的有机化合物进行了测定.测定结果表明,A/O工艺处理城市污水过程中,活性污泥对有机物的吸附作用是主要的,降解作用是次要的.     

公共实验室

正公共实验室集中了劳保所大部分理化分析检测设备,拥有便携式气质联用仪HAPSITE、气相色谱-质谱联用仪、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICPE)、差式扫描量热仪、闭口闪点试验仪、持续燃烧测定仪、燃烧速率测定仪、自热物质升温发热测定仪、X-射线衍射仪、大气颗粒物在线监测仪(TEOM)、在线大气气溶胶有机碳/元素碳分析仪、黑炭仪等先进的检测仪器设备。     

公共实验室

<正>公共实验室集中了劳保所大部分理化分析检测设备,拥有便携式气质联用仪HAPSITE、气相色谱-质谱联用仪、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICPE)、差式扫描量热仪、闭口闪点试验仪、持续燃烧测定仪、燃烧速率测定仪、自热物质升温发热测定仪、X-射线衍射仪、大气颗粒物在线监测仪(TEOM)、在线大气气溶胶有机碳/元素碳分析仪、黑炭仪等先进的检测仪器设备。     

公共实验室

<正>公共实验室集中了劳保所大部分理化分析检测设备,拥有便携式气质联用仪HAPSITE、气相色谱-质谱联用仪、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICPE)、差式扫描量热仪、闭口闪点试验仪、持续燃烧测定仪、燃烧速率测定仪、自热物质升温发热测定仪、X-射线衍射仪、大气颗粒物在线监测仪(TEOM)、在线大气气溶胶有机碳/元素碳分析仪、黑炭仪等先进的检测仪器设备。     

飞行时间-二次离子质谱技术在大气气溶胶研究中的应用进展

在简述飞行时间-二次离子质谱技术(TOF-SIMS)的基本原理、技术特点和优势的基础上,阐述了近年来TOF-SIMS应用于气溶胶表面化学表征、气溶胶粒子化学组成深度剖析、气溶胶表面化学反应、气溶胶粒子表面毒性,以及气溶胶污染源排放特征与污染源识别等方面的研究进展,并对TOF-SIMS技术在大气气溶胶研究中的应用前景进行了展望.     

大气总悬浮颗粒物中半挥发性有机污染物的测定

采用超声萃取技术提取大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)采样膜中的半挥发性有机污染物(SVOC),浓缩净化后,将1μL试样注入气相色谱质谱仪(GC/MS)进行定性定量分析.研究了大气中64种半挥发有机污染物,包括苯酚类、苯胺类、硝基芳香烃类、多环芳烃类和酞酸酯类物质的回收率、精密度和检测限.实验表明,方法操作简便,净化效果好,且部分测定指标优于美国环境标准方法EPA8270c.     

顶空固相微萃取——气相色谱法测挥发性有机物

<正>由于植物食用油中油脂残存的挥发性有机物——VOC’s的物理性质及化学性质同油脂本身的成分比较相似,且含量不高,因此在测定其含量时有很大困难。目前对痕量VOC’s测定常用的处理方法有顶空萃取法、液-液萃取法等,这些方法由于受各种因素影响,存在一定缺陷,而本文探讨的顶空-固相萃取法在很多方面都有优势,下面我们通过实验对这种技术进行探讨。实验部分仪器试剂本实验采用GC/MS气象色谱-质谱联用仪(Thermo Trace     

银川市夏季VOCs污染特征及臭氧生成潜势分析

采用罐采样/气相色谱-氢离子火焰检测器/质谱检测器联用法对银川市2021年7-9月大气中116种VOCs进行手工监测,分析其污染特征、臭氧生成潜势和来源。结果表明：观测期间,银川市共检出81种VOCs,总挥发性有机物的平均体积浓度值为58.4×10-9,各主要组分浓度由大到小依次为：含氧挥发性有机物(OVOCs)(42.5%)、烷烃(32%)、卤代烃(7.7%)、芳香烃(6.8%)、烯烃(6.6%)。银川市主要非甲烷烃类体积浓度水平处于国内中等水平。加密观测期间,日变化规律呈双峰结构,高浓度主要出现在凌晨0:00-03:00和午后15:00-18:00,大气光化学反应二次生成对醛酮类有较大贡献,昼间醛酮类物质表现出与臭氧浓度一致的变化特征。臭氧生成潜势分析银川市夏季VOCs臭氧生成潜势为503.1μg/m3,其中醛酮类含氧VOCs(52.4%)和芳烃(19.1%)是主要贡献组分。利用示踪法和比值法推断,液化石油气(LPG)燃烧、机动车尾气和工业排放是非甲烷烃类的主要来源。     

特高压变压器水成膜泡沫全尺寸灭火污染研究

为了探究灭火的环境污染，开展了特高压变压器水成膜泡沫全尺寸灭火试验，采集大气、水体及土壤样品进行分析。首先，利用气体分析仪测得灭火瞬间CO、SO和NO₂的体积分数远超标准阈值，同时使用气相色谱/质谱联用仪发现大气中存在氟碳表面活性剂和轻质支链烷烃等。通过液相萃取-气相色谱/质谱试验，测定水体内的有机污染物主要为乙二醇单丁醚、二乙二醇丁醚和重质正构烷烃。X射线荧光光谱仪检测出灭火后土壤中铜元素明显提升，热脱附-气相色谱/质谱测定土壤中的有机成分主要是未充分燃烧的变压器油和本该存在于烟气中的的4-乙基邻二甲苯和1,3-二甲基-4-乙基苯。这些研究对水成膜泡沫灭火的环境污染治理、灾后评估和灭火剂的改良具有一定指导意义。     

Gender differences in DUI offenders in treatment in Texas

OBJECTIVE: This is a study of 8,464 adult women and 21,155 adult males who entered substance abuse treatment in Texas between 2000 and 2005. Participants were either on probation for driving under the influence (DUI), were referred to treatment by DUI probation, or had been arrested for DUI in the past year. METHODS: The female and male clients were compared on demographic characteristics, substance use patterns, DSM-IV diagnoses, and levels of impairment. T tests and chi square tests were used to determine significance and multivariate logistic regression identified predictors of completing treatment and being abstinent at follow-up. RESULTS: The proportion of females who were sent to treatment as a result of DUI increased from 27% in 2000 to 32% in 2005. Females were significantly more likely than males to be White (73% vs. 56%), to have used substances a shorter period of time (17 vs. 19 years), to be seeking custody to regain their children (11% vs. 2%), to meet the DSM criteria for drug dependence (32% vs. 23%), to have injected drugs (31% vs. 23%), to have used substances daily (42% vs. 40%), to have a depressive disorder (16% vs. 7%) or bipolar disorder (12% vs. 5%), and to be have been in treatment before (60% vs. 49%). In contrast, males were more likely to be alcohol dependent (49% vs. 44%). Females were less likely to complete treatment (67% vs. 72%) and reported significantly more days of problems on the 6 domains of the ASI at both admission and at 60-day follow-up. Furthermore, at follow-up, they were more likely to be living with someone who abused alcohol or used drugs (9% vs.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Although females comprised only 29% of the DUI treatment admissions, they were more impaired and experienced more problems than their male counterparts. The findings indicate that additional resources, including treatment for co-occurring mental health problems and living in sober households, may be keys to helping these women achieve abstinence and prevent additional DUI episodes.     

我国非煤矿山安全生产的差距

从我国非煤矿山安全生产立法、安全生产管理体制、监察执法、群众监督、宣传教育、科研、矿山企业等方面与国外矿业进行了对比分析，分析了我国非煤矿山存在的问题以及与国外的差距，最后分析了产生问题与差距的原因。     

Trends in chemical hazards in Japan

In the past, the chemical industry in Japan has been the cause of a number of major industrial accidents. Subsequent to each accident, specific lessons have been learned. These lessons learned have been implemented in terms of safety education of the employees and/or safety measures of the equipment and facilities resulting in a rapid decrease of corresponding accident frequencies. In this paper, we summarized both recent and past major accidents caused by chemical substances in fixed installations in Japan. Case studies show that runaway reactions are among the main causes of major accident occurrences in the chemical process industry in Japan. A recent fatal poisoning accident caused by H₂S gas generated during maintenance work again highlights the necessity of adequate safety management in a chemical factory. Therefore, even if hazard evaluation of chemical substances and chemical processes is necessary to prevent runaway reactions, human error is also an important factor contributing to reaction hazards [Wakakura, M. (1997) Human factor in chemical accidents, J. Safety Eng. High Press. Gas. Safety Inst. Japan, 34, 846].     

Violence in the workplaces in Finland

The aim of this study was to describe violence in Finnish workplaces by comparing it with leisure-time violence. The data were derived from 13,762 interviews made from a representative sample of the Finnish population in 1988. The subjects were asked to report all the violent incidents they had encountered during the previous 12 months. There were 394 victims of violence in workplaces, that is, 40.6 victims per 1,000 workers. The rate of occupational violence was almost identical for males (40.6) and females (40.5). The most hazardous occupations were prison guard, police officer, and mental health nurse. The main reasons for violence at work were related to refusal of an authority's order to go away or to the relationship between doctor or nurse and patient. A typical assailant was an unaccompanied man who was under the influence of alcohol.     

Trends in occupational hygiene in Finland

The aim of this work is to evaluate and describe the current status of, and prospects for, the future of occupational hygiene in Finland. The main sources of information include a seminar held in the annual meeting of Finnish Occupational Hygiene Society and interviews with different stakeholders. Nanotechnology and other new materials, changing work environments, circular economy including green jobs, new medical methods and advances of construction methods were recognized as future challenges. Future work opportunities for occupational hygiene experts included exposure assessments in indoor air surveys, private consulting and entrepreneurship in general, international activities and product safety issues. Unclear topics needing more attention in the future were thought to be in new exposures, sensitive persons, combined effects, skin exposures and applicability of personal protective equipment. Occupational hygiene should broaden its view; occupational hygienists should have to cooperate with other specialists and grasp new challenges.     

WTO与中国安全生产

新世纪之始,中国将要迈进世界贸易组织（ＷＴＯ）。在入世的过程中,与美国为首的发达国家之间始终存在着阻挠与反阻挠、限制与反限制的斗争,目前虽已告一段落,但远未结束。可以预见,中国加入ＷＴＯ之后,斗争非但不会停止,甚至可能会更复杂、更激烈。这场经济、贸易斗争实际上还有着深刻的政治与社会背景。最近几年,发达国家一直在努力使社会条款纳入世界经济贸易体系之中,在“关注发展中国家人权状况”的旗号下,反复提出“劳工标准”问题,即把本国安全生产问题与国际贸易挂钧。实际上这是“涂上绿色’”的贸易保护主义。中国是一…     

九月北京，国际盛会

第二届中国国际安全生产论坛于9月2日在人民大会堂开幕,国务委员、国务院秘书长华建敏,国家局局长王显政,国际劳工组织东亚地区局局长克里斯廷等领导参加开幕式     

在回顾中思考 在创新中发展

2008年,是中国的奥运之年,也是中国林科院建院50周年、哈尔滨林机所建所50周年、<林业劳动安全>杂志创刊20周年. <林业劳动安全>的诞生,为林业安全文化建设开辟了一片广袤的园地,为加强学术交流打开了一洞明亮的牕牖,为行业安全的发展提供了一块方正的铺路石……