基于模糊层次分析法的矿井安全综合评价

为定量地综合评价煤矿安全状况,结合目前煤矿灾害事故的特点,根据影响煤矿安全的因素,建立了包括环境、技术、人员、管理等4个单元、17项指标的多因素多级指标评价体系。采用模糊层次分析法(FAHP)和模糊综合评价模型相结合的方法对煤矿安全进行综合评价。首先是通过模糊层次分析法确定了各评价指标的权重,其结果显示:安全管理是影响煤矿安全的首要因素,其次是人员素质、技术与装备保障,而矿井自然安全条件排序为最后。理论联系实际,应用模糊综合评价方法对某矿的安全现状进行综合分析,得出其安全状况为"良好",同时也证明将模糊层次分析法应用于安全评价的可行性。     

基于集对分析的非煤矿山紧急避险能力评价

为了更好地对非煤矿山紧急避险系统的避险能力进行综合评价,结合层次分析法(AHP)和集对分析(SPA)理论,建立了一种新的非煤矿山紧急避险能力评价模型。以某非煤矿山紧急避险系统为实例,从环境、物料、管理、设备设施4个方面构建了紧急避险能力综合评价指标体系,采用层次分析法确定各指标权重,计算得出系统的联系度表达式,分析了该模型的集对势及不确定性,对其进行了同一、差异和对立的集对分析。结果表明,该矿山紧急避险能力的级别为"良好"。该模型全面考虑了系统的确定和不确定性,从而使评价实现了定性与定量的结合。     

跨江大桥建设安全管理系统综合评价

针对目前我国重大工程建设的安全管理现状,以系统管理的思路借鉴国内外重大工程建设安全管理模式的先进之处,综合考虑影响重大工程建设过程中安全管理的各因素,建立6个一级指标,27个二级指标的评价体系。运用层次分析法(AHP)对其中指标进行权重计算,结果显示危险源辨识、危险源控制与管理是影响安全管理状况的主要因素;结合模糊综合评价法对泰州长江公路大桥的安全管理现状进行综合评价,结果显示为良好,与实际情况相符合,证明其可行性。该安全管理系统评价指标体系的建立与评价方法的运用,对重大工程建设的安全管理现状评价有借鉴意义,以期提高我国重大工程建设现场的安全管理水平。     

基于ANP-DEA的城轨网络应急演练组合评价模型

应急演练综合评价是衡量应急演练效果好坏的关键。以城轨网络应急演练综合评价为研究对象,将城轨网络应急演练划分为演练准备、演练实施、演练总结三个阶段。针对评价指标间存在的关联关系,采用网络层次分析法(ANP)进行定量化处理,计算得到各评价指标综合权重,进而得到三个演练阶段的重要度。利用数据包络分析方法(DEA),分别计算三个阶段不同城轨线路应急演练的排序值,结合不同阶段的重要度,构建得到城轨网络应急演练的组合评价模型,实现对城轨网络应急演练效果的综合评价。结合算例,应用ANP-DEA组合模型,对某城轨网络的应急演练效果进行了综合评价。     

基于ANP和物元可拓模型的航空公司安全水平评价

通过构建网络层次分析(ANP)和物元可拓模型相结合的评价方法,研究航空公司安全水平评价中各指标间的相互依赖、相互影响和安全水平的变化趋势。为使评价指标在实际工作中更有针对性和可操作性,根据安全管理体系(SMS)组成要素,提出了由4个准则、20项具体指标组成的航空公司安全水平评价指标体系;又因该体系中各指标间存在相互依赖、相互影响,从而引入网络层次分析法(ANP)以确定各指标权重;并与物元可拓模型结合,建立航空公司安全水平评价模型。运用该评价模型对南方某航空公司的安全水平进行评价,结果显示该模型具有可行性。     

基于层次分析法和模糊综合评判方法的安全管理体系优选

为能在安全管理体系的选择工作中做出最优决策,首次建立用于企业安全管理体系的评价指标体系,综合考虑影响企业选择安全管理体系的暂时的、长期的、定量的、定性的等13个指标.简述层次分析法和模糊评判法的基本原理,通过层次分析法,确定各指标的权重集,将待选体系方案的指标因素转换为隶属矩阵,引入二元对比定权法确定定性指标的相对隶属度,从而建立模糊综合评判模型.使用MATLAB 7.1工具进行计算,最后得出各体系方案基于影响因素的综合优越度.将评判模型应用于工程实例,阐述主要过程和分析结果,得出实例中待选体系方案的优越度分别为90.66%、53.42%和84.29%,从而确定最适合企业的安全管理体系.     

模糊综合评价在实验室安全管理评价中的应用

由于高校和科研部门中的实验室安全隐患多、运行管理复杂,故对应的安全管理评价指标和方法难以确定。模糊综合评价方法是解决影响因素多、评价指标复杂问题的常用方法。通过总结和研究高校实验室安全管理的特点,对多个实验室进行实地考察,并在听取专家意见的基础上,建立实验室安全管理评价指标体系,结合层次分析法确定了各指标的权重。通过专家打分得到综合评价矩阵,采用基于加权平均算子的模糊数学方法得到实验室安全管理评价的结果集。将该方法应用于某实验室的安全管理评价,分析得出安全管理中的薄弱环节,为采取有效的风险预控措施提供了一定的理论依据。     

复合赋权云模型在户外体育赛事风险研究中的应用

为降低户外体育事故发生率，采用层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP)、熵权和云模型相结合的方法对户外体育赛事的风险因素进行综合评价。根据安全综合管理四要素，从人、机、环、管4个方面出发，构建户外体育赛事风险评价指标体系。利用层次分析法和熵权法计算各指标的主观、客观和综合权重，并基于云模型对比分析评价云图与标准云图，确定优势指标。最后结合事故实例进行风险评价。结果表明复合赋权云模型对各项风险因素指标赋权合理，其分析得到的优势指标与真实事故原因基本一致。相较于其他赋权评价模型，本评价方法在大型复杂体育赛事风险评价中，能实现主客观结合，有利于实现对风险因素指标的精确赋权，使评价结果更加真实可靠。     

层次分析法在化工园区安全评价中的应用

本文采用层次分析法对化工园区域的安全水平评价进行了综合分析研究,得到了化工园区安全评价指标的选取、安全指标权重的确定的技术方法.结果表明,为了构建较为全面的化工园区安全水平评价指标体系,可从区域企业安全生产状况、区域规划状况、区域应急资源利用能力、区域社会经济状况四个方面共25个安全评价指标组成评价体系,进而采用层次分析法确定了各指标的权重,计算结果不仅能够反映园区风险的分布状况,而且对整个园区的规划和布局具有较好的决策支持作用.总而言之,将层次分析法用于化学工业园的安全评价是一种新的尝试,对此进行全面的介绍有着一定的工程实际应用价值.     

基于BP网络的建筑安装施工现场安全综合评价的研究

针对目前我国建筑安装施工现场安全评价技术的不成熟和欠科学性的现状 ,笔者分析和综合了目前安全评价技术 ,结合建筑业特点 ,提出了基于BP神经网络的建筑安装施工现场安全评价方法 ,并对该评价模型的原理、方法及算法进行了研究。首先 ,结合建筑安装施工现场安全生产的特点建立评价指标体系 ,随后 ,运用层次分析法确定指标及准则层的权重 ,并运用模糊综合评价法生成评价样本集 ,最后 ,利用样本集训练BP网络 ,待误差满足要求后 ,即可运用训练成功的BP神经网络进行安全评价。     

自然灾害与地质勘探劳动保护

自然灾害和人密切相关,这不仅表现在自然灾害施予的客体是人,人的伤亡和财产损失是自然灾害的标志,而且表现在自然灾害的发生受人类活动的强烈影响。地质勘探活动是人类改造自然获取财富的主要活动之一。它一方面遭受自然灾害的危害,另一方面存在诱发触发自然灾害的危险,自然灾害已成了地质勘探活动的巨大障碍。自然灾害特别是地质灾害(人工诱发触发地质灾害、地方病)和气象灾害的测、报、防、治、救措施和方法研究是地质勘探劳动保护的重要课题。     

基于遗传算法的支持向量机预测有机物自燃点的研究

根据定量构效关系(QSPR)原理,研究自燃点(AIT)与其分子结构间的内在定量关系。以265种有机化合物作为样本集,随机选择238种作为训练集,27种作为测试集,用遗传算法(GA)进行变量选择,分别建立多元线性回归(MLR)模型和支持向量机(SVM)模型研究有机物的自燃点与其分子结构间的关系。通过分析,发现造成模型预测效果不佳的原因是试验数据本身存在问题。通过对2个模型的比较,结果为GA-SVM模型明显优于GA-MLR模型,说明自燃点与其分子结构间具有很强的非线性关系。     

聚乙烯醇/氧化石墨插层纳米复合材料的结构和热分析

制备了聚乙烯醇/氧化石墨插层纳米复合材料,并用X-射线衍射仪和高分辨电镜对其结构进行了表征.X-射线衍射仪和高分辨电镜的试验结果表明,氧化石墨和聚乙烯醇插层氧化石墨的层间距分别为0.89 nm和1.4nm.该纳米复合材料的热分析和热失重图说明,氧化石墨的加入有利于提高聚乙烯醇/氧化石墨纳米复合材料的玻璃化转变温度和氧化温度,同时也降低了其热释放速率.     

Automation design in advanced control rooms of the modernized nuclear power plants

This study evaluated the effects of levels of automation (LOAs) decisions in advanced control rooms of the modernized nuclear power plants. Following advancements in design of digitalized human–system interfaces (HSIs), the roles of human operators have changed significantly. Negative performance and safety consequences may occur as a result of these changes. These problems are viewed as the out-of-the-loop (OOTL) performance problems. This study conducted an experiment to compare the effects of different LOAs under different operating procedures on operating performance. Experimental results indicated that blended decision-making (level 6 LOA) generates the lowest mental workload. Furthermore, the pattern of SA observed in this study is found better SA at intermediate LOA and poorer SA at low level of automation and full automation. Subjective rating results suggest that LOAs distribute the roles of option generation, and selection between human and/or computer servers which significantly impacts automated system performance. This study provides a direction for the HSI designers in nuclear power plants (NPPs). Additionally, based on results obtained by this study, the user interfaces of PCTRAN system and the alarm reset system should be improved to ensure safe operation of NPPs.     

Influence of ATD versus PMHS reference sensor inputs on computational brain response in frontal impacts to advanced combat helmet (ACH)

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study analyzed the influence of reference sensor inputs from anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) versus postmortem human subjects (PMHSs) on simulations of frontal blunt impacts to the advanced combat helmet (ACH).

Methods: A rigid-arm pendulum was used to generate frontal impacts to ACHs mounted on ATDs and PMHS. An appropriately sized ACH was selected according to standard fitting guidelines. The National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) head was selected for ATD tests due to shape features that enabled a realistic helmet fit. A custom procedure was used to mount a reference sensor internally near the center of gravity (CG) of the PMHS. Reference sensor data from the head CG were used as inputs for the Simulated Injury Monitor (SIMon). Brain responses were assessed with the cumulative strain damage measure set at 10%, or CSDM(10).

Results: Compared to ATD tests, PMHS tests produced 18.7% higher peak linear accelerations and 5.2% higher peak angular velocities. Average times to peak for linear accelerations were relatively similar between ATDs (5.5?ms) and PMHSs (5.8?ms). However, times to peak for angular velocities were higher by a factor of up to 3.4 for PMHSs compared to ATDs. Values for were also higher by a factor of up to 13.1 when PMHS inputs were used for SIMon.

Conclusions: The preliminary findings of this work indicate that small differences in ATD versus PMHS head kinematics could lead to large differences in strain-derived brain injury metrics such as CSDM.     

TMBR+NF/RO组合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液的工程应用

采用TMBR+NF/RO组合工艺对湖北省宜昌市某垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液进行处理,介绍了组合工艺的流程、特点、设备规格、技术参数。TMBR系统对可生化降解COD处理后,COD平均质量浓度为822 mg/L,平均去除率为95.8%,对NH_3-N平均去除率为94.9%;经过NF/RO出水的COD平均值为45 mg/L,NH_3-N均小于25mg/L,达到《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889—2008)的排放标准。组合工艺处理成本为29.5元/m3。     

引气剂和聚丙烯纤维对高水材料性质的影响研究

为了改变高水材料的破坏特点,采用引气剂和聚丙烯纤维双掺对其进行改性。试验结果表明:随着引气剂掺量的增加,浆体的流动性逐渐降低,混合浆液失流时间延长,试块密度和单轴抗压强度逐渐减小;聚丙烯纤维的掺入,对浆体流动性、失流时间、引气率影响均较小。聚丙烯纤维最佳掺量为2 kg/m3,引气剂和聚丙烯纤维的掺入使硬化体的弹性模量略有减小,且使试块由脆性破坏转变为延性破坏,在保持整体不散的情况下,提高其压缩量。SEM观察表明:钙矾石在气泡壁上集中生成,聚丙烯纤维与基体的界面处有利于针状钙矾石的生成,从而使聚丙烯纤维更好地发挥增强增韧的作用。     

Safety and kinetic parameters analysis for 1,1,-Di(tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane mixed with monoammonium phosphate

Runaway reactions by organic peroxides have occurred throughout the world. In this study, we used 1,1,-Di(tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane (CH) 70 mass% as the main material, which was extensively employed as initiator for styrene in polymerization. Fire extinguishers are the first fire-fighting apparatus when fires occur. If a fire extinguisher has sat idle for a long time, which would cause the extinguishing agent to damp, it cannot achieve the desired effect and be properly handled at the start of the accident, thereby causing more casualties and property losses. CH 70 mass% was employed to mixed with monoammonium phosphate (MAP) for understanding the phenomenon by applying differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Safety parameters also were carried out for more deeply understanding the basic characteristics for preventing an accident from occurring, in terms of applying CH 70 mass% as the initiator in the manufacturing process.     

Nonlinear molecular based modeling of the flash point for application in inherently safer design

New chemical process design strategies utilizing computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) can provide significant improvements in process safety by designing chemicals with required target properties and the substitution of safer chemicals. An important aspect of this methodology concerns the prediction of properties given the molecular structure. This study utilizes one such emerging method for prediction of a hazardous property, flash point (FP), which is in the center of attention in safety studies. Using such a reliable data set comprising 1651 organic and inorganic chemicals, from 79 diverse material classes, and robust dynamic binary particle swarm optimization for the feature selection step resulted in the most efficient molecular features of the FP investigations. Apart from the simple yet precise five-parameter multivariate model, the FP nonlinear behavior was thoroughly investigated by a novel hybrid of particle swarm optimization and support vector regression. Besides, 195 missing experimental FPs of the DIPPR data set are predicted via the presented procedure.     

Reliability analysis of subsea blowout preventers with condition-based maintenance using stochastic Petri nets

Blowout Preventer (BOP) has maintained its function as a safety barrier and the last line of defence against oil and gas spills since its development in the early 1900s. However, as drilling and exploration activities move further offshore, challenges pertaining to reliable operation of the subsea BOP systems continue to be a source of concern for stakeholders in the industry. In spite of recent advancements in reliability analysis of safety instrumented systems (SISs), the research on reliability assessment of BOP is still lacking in some regards. There are gaps in the literature with respect to the incorporation of preventive maintenance (PM) strategies as well as dynamic operating conditions into BOP reliability analysis. To address these gaps, this paper develops an advanced analysis method using stochastic Petri nets (SPN) to estimate the reliability of subsea BOP systems subject to condition-based maintenance (CBM) with different failure modes. The BOP system is divided into five subsystems which are connected in series with each other and categorised into degrading and binary units. The performance of the BOP system in terms of availability, reliability and mean-time-between failures (MTBF) is obtained and analysed. A sensitivity analysis is also performed to evaluate the effect of fault coverage factor and redundancy design on system performance. The results show that both the fault coverage factor and redundancy have significant impact on the BOP's reliability, availability and MTBF.