煤矿政策对安全生产影响分析及实证研究

为分析煤矿政策对安全生产中的影响,回顾1978年以来煤矿政策和安全生产状况。统计了1978—2010年我国主要的煤矿政策,分阶段分析其与煤炭产量、煤矿事故指标之间的发展变化关系,运用EViews6建立煤矿事故死亡人数与煤炭产量之间的回归模型,并进行检验修正,比较验证煤矿政策的作用效果。结果表明:1978—1991年和1992—2002年,煤炭产量对死亡人数的影响系数为397.482,事故随产量的增长而加剧,但后一时期由于政策监管等因素影响,在同等产量条件下,煤矿事故相对减少;2003—2010年,影响系数为-283.770,煤矿安全状况随煤炭产量的增长而明显好转。     

江苏煤矿安全投入概况及启示

煤矿安全监察体制建立以来,江苏煤矿安全形势稳定并逐步好转,百万吨煤炭死亡率持续降低,各煤矿企业对安全投入日渐重视。2004年5月,《煤炭生产安全费用提取和使用管理办法》发布后,煤矿的安全投入走上了规范化轨道。     

煤炭市场与煤矿安全生产关系探讨

当前煤矿安全生产形势依然严峻,2016上半年全国安全生产事故普遍下降,唯有煤炭行业重大事故发生数量上升。为研究煤矿安全与煤炭市场之间是否存在某种相互依存、相互渗透、相互制约的关系,选取2000-2015年煤炭产量、煤炭价格、煤矿死亡人数和煤矿百万吨死亡率4项指标,分成两组分别进行相关性检验、协整检验、格兰杰因果关系检验和回归分析。研究结果表明:煤炭产量对煤矿死亡人数有重要影响,煤炭价格与煤矿百万吨死亡率之间存在统计学意义上的因果关系。据此,从化解过剩煤炭产能、科学控制煤炭产量、维持合理煤炭价格角度提出相关的政策建议。     

关于印发《煤炭生产安全费用提取和使用管理办法》和《关于规范煤矿维简费管理问题的若干规定》的通知

为建立煤矿安全生产设施长效投入机制，经国务院批准，建立煤炭生产企业单独提取安全费用制度，同时规范煤矿维简费管理。财政部、国家发展改革委、国家煤矿安全监察局在征求中国煤炭工业协会意见的基础上，联合制定了《煤炭生产安全费用提取和使用管理办法》和《关于规范煤矿维简费管理问题的若干规定》。现予下发，请遵照执行。     

加强矿山测量工作 促进煤矿安全生产

本文论述了矿山测量的重要性,以及对煤炭安全生产的重要关系,结合永春煤矿三十多年来井下煤炭开采的管理经验,从理论和实践上分析,探讨了测量工作对煤矿安全生产方面的指导作用。     

煤矿生产物流安全性与效率性系统动力学研究

基于系统动力学理论,采用因果图对煤矿生产物流系统安全性与效率性影响要素之间的作用关系进行分析,构建了煤矿生产物流系统安全性与效率性SD模型,并对系统安全性与效率性作用机理进行定量分析,最后通过仿真分析得出:安全资源的大量浪费为煤矿企业加重了负担,制约了企业安全水平的发展;增加安全投入与安全资金合理匹配,有利于煤矿企业促进系统安全性与效率性协同发展。研究结果对强化煤矿安全生产水平具有一定的借鉴意义。     

加强矿山测量工作促进煤矿安全生产

本文论述了矿山测量的重要性,以及对煤炭安全生产的重要关系,结合永春煤矿三十多年来井下煤炭开采的管理经验,从理论和实践上分析,探讨了测量工作对煤矿安全生产方面的指导作用。     

根据现代企业理论探讨煤炭企业安全管理问题

煤炭行业属于高危险性行业,降低其事故发生率,提高安全生产水平是煤炭工作者孜孜以求的目标。笔者应用委托——代理理论对煤炭安全管理问题进行探讨,分析了安全投入与安全水平、安全投入与安全报酬、事故赔偿与安全水平等之间的关系,提出了煤炭企业改善安全现状的管理对策及建议,并认为事故赔偿金过低,不足以对企业形成足够的压力,不利于企业主动提高安全水平,应加大惩罚力度,提高惩罚成本和惩处率。     

煤矿安全生产基本条件规定

第一条 为了规范煤矿安全生产工作,防止煤矿生产安全事故,根据安全生产法、矿山安全法等法律、行政法规、国务院有关规定和煤矿安全规程,制定本规定。 第二条 煤矿应当依法取得采矿许可证、煤炭生产许可证和营业执照。 煤矿矿长须经培训考核,依法取得矿长资格证和矿长安全资格证。 第三条 煤矿的法定代表人对本单位安全生产工作全面负责,并保证安全生产投入的有效实施。 煤矿应当建立、健全安全生产责任制,设     

价格对中国煤矿事故的影响分析

针对我国目前煤炭产业严峻的安全形势，本文采用、统计的方法，分析了煤炭价格和产量与煤矿安全生产事故之间的相关关系，验证煤炭价格与煤矿安全生产事故的发生存在协整关系，而且煤价是煤矿伤亡事故的致因，并进一步做回归分析，并尝试从价格的角度揭示煤矿安全生产事故发生的规律。     

油浸变压器排油注氮装置在500kV变电站的设计与应用

在分析500kV变电站主变压器消防系统的现状,比较3类消防系统优缺点的基础上,详细论述了主变排油注氮装置的结构组成、工作原理、参数计算、控制系统设计以及需要注意的事项等,为下一步排油注氮装置的推广应用打下基础.     

HAZOP结合What-if方法在某延迟焦化装置除焦中的应用

为克服传统危险与可操作性（HAZOP）定性分析方法在复杂操作、间歇作业等过程中使用的局限性,提出在传统HAZOP定性分析方法的基础上结合What-if（故障假设）方法,对人的不安全行为和操作规程不完备所导致的风险后果分析作出补充。详细说明其技术原理、工作流程等使用细节,系统阐述该方法与传统HAZOP定性分析方法的区别,并在某延迟焦化装置的除焦操作的风险分析中应用。经分析,识别出在“给水-泡焦”节点,有“操作规程错误”场景2项,“操作规程不具体”场景1项,不存在“操作人员未按操作规程执行”场景。研究结果表明:本文方法有效且具有较好效果,可以广泛应用于操作规程/作业指导书审查、作业过程隐患排查等方面,帮助企业开展操作层面的风险识别与管理,提升企业的生产安全水平。     

潞安矿区煤层渗透率的各向异性特征实验研究

为了研究原位煤体渗透性的各向异性特征,以山西潞安常村矿3号煤层圆柱试样为对象,利用TCQT-Ⅲ型低渗煤层气相驱替增产试验装置,对煤样进行加载,并以氮气注入压力2.0 MPa的条件下,分析垂直层理和平行层理2个方向的煤体变形和渗透率变化特征。实验结果表明:煤样在加载过程中,平行和垂直层理煤样渗透率均随着有效应力的增大而减小,平行层理方向的渗透率始终大于垂直层理方向,应力加载初期渗透率急剧下降,最后逐渐趋于平缓;径向应变的增加量与渗透率呈正相关性,且平行层理相关性大于垂直层理;沿平行层理方向的裂隙度大于沿垂直层理方向,沿垂直层理方向的应变量大于沿平行层理方向;应变增加量均随有效应力的增加而逐渐减小。研究结果可为煤层井网布置及优化提供参考。     

Nighttime pedestrian fatalities: A comprehensive examination of infrastructure,user, vehicle,and situational factors

Introduction: Pedestrian fatalities in the United States increased 45.5% between 2009 and 2017. More than 85% of those additional pedestrian fatalities occurred at night. Method: We examine Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data for fatal pedestrian crashes that occurred in the dark between 2002 and 2017. Within-variable and before/after examinations of crashes in terms of infrastructure, user, vehicle, and situational characteristics are performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two-sample t-tests. We model changes in crash characteristic proportions between 2002–2009 and 2010–2017 using linear regressions and test for autocorrelation with Breusch-Godfrey tests. Results: The increase in fatal nighttime pedestrian crashes is most strongly correlated with infrastructure factors: non-intersection unmarked locations (saw 80.8% of additional fatalities); 40–45 mph roads (54.6%); five-lane roads (40.7%); urban (99.7%); and arterials (81.1%). In addition, SUVs were involved in 39.7% of additional fatalities, overrepresenting their share of the fleet. Increased pedestrian alcohol and drug involvement warrant further investigation. The age of pedestrians killed increased more (18.1%) than the national average (3.2%). Conclusions: By identifying factors related to the increase in nighttime pedestrian fatalities, this work constitutes a vital first step in making our streets safer for pedestrians. Practical Applications: More research is needed to understand the efficacy of different solutions, but this paper provides guidance for such future research. Engineering solutions such as road diets or traffic calming may be used to improve identified infrastructure issues by reducing vehicle speeds and road widths. Rethinking vehicle design, especially high front profiles, may improve vehicle issues. However, the problems giving rise to these pedestrian fatalities are likely a result of not only engineering issues but also interrelated social and political factors. Solutions may be correspondingly comprehensive, employing non-linear, systems-based approaches such as Safe Systems.     

Footedness and Mounting—Short Review and Two Case Studies

Footedness is a personal quality like handedness. Footedness may be associated with moving ability during mounting, dismounting, and jumping movements. Occupational accidents have occurred during movement at different working levels, during the use of access and exit systems, and during the mounting of vehicles. Aging can also affect accident risk and body laterality. For example, falling accidents on stairs are common among the elderly. One reason for accidents may be that the structure of the access system or stair system is unsuitable for individual moving patterns depending partly on body laterality. Footedness and the way the feet are used may be contradictory to the demands of the moving situation, especially during uncommon or rapid situations. This contradiction may trigger disturbance during moving. The aims of this pilot study were (a) to review the literature briefly and (b) to describe the use of the dominant and nondominant foot by farmers and the elderly when mounting a tractor and stairs, respectively. The study also gives ideas for future studies based on both (a) and (b).     

AHP与GA-SVM耦合模型在滑坡预警中的应用*

为了减少滑坡造成的损失,提高滑坡预测的准确性,通过搭建灾害模拟平台获得滑坡的实验数据,在获得多组模拟实验数据后,分析各变量的特性。首先,通过层次分析(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)算法,对滑坡进行危险度划分;然后,通过支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)建立模型,遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)再优化SVM参数,提出1种层次分析法与GA-SVM相耦合的模型。研究结果表明:AHP方法划分后的数据,通过GA与SVM结合建立的模型精度较好,实验预测结果与实际结果较为吻合,与单一SVM相比,精度更高,结果更好,更加适用于多变量的复杂非线性滑坡预警。     

Debunking the false dichotomy of leadership idealism and pragmatism: Critical evaluation and support of newer genre leadership theories

Leadership theories have shifted over the last few decades from a focus on managerial functions and economic leader–follower exchanges toward greater focus on the interpersonal dynamics occurring within the leadership process. Theories such as transformational, ethical, authentic, and other “newer genre” theories were created to address neglected topics such as leader vision and inspirational messages, transparency, emotional effects, morality, individualized attention, and intellectual stimulation. Critiques of these theories, however, have been raised. In this paper, we address five of those critiques and argue for the validity and practical effectiveness of the new genre theories. Further, we describe how newer genre leadership research should be viewed as a performative epistemology, entailing a process of co‐creation involving scholars and practitioners. Finally, from this view, we provide general ideas for leader development. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Occupational Safety and Health in Finland

In Finland, occupational safety is the responsibility of the employer, while the occupational safety and health laws are enforced by the Labour Inspection Service, an organization of the state. The Labour Inspection is divided in 11 administrative districts, and it employs 360 professionals. They are mandated to carry out site visits without prearranged appointments to inspect safe work situations, working hours, construction safety, or any aspect of accident risks. The inspectors are also mandated to verify the existence of sufficient occupational health services as prescribed by the Occupational Health Services Act for all employees. The occupational health services are typically provided by enterprise-owned medical departments, by mutually owned health care centers, by private practitioners, or by municipal health care centers. The latter are required by law to provide all services as prescribed by the legislation to anyone who comes to the facility. This situation is prevalent in the countryside, where there are very few private caregiving centers. Declaring occupational accidents and disease cases is mandatory, and the Inspection districts examine all accidents to establish causes and consequences, and to initiate prosecution in case of criminal negligence. Labour Inspection Districts are also notified of the new occupational disease cases as they are declared to insurance companies. Insurance for occupational disease, accidents, and death is an obligation of the employer, although they can choose the insurance company. The medical confidentiality between the workers and their occupational health care providers is very strict. Official statistics are maintained by the state Statistics Finland organization, and they may be used, for example, for research purposes by scientific institutes like the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. Construction industry accounts for 25% of all fatal accidents (120 cases per 1 million working hours), followed by mechanical, wood, metal, machinery, and pulp and paper industry (10% each of fatal accidents) with rates ranging from 100–160 cases per 1 million working hours. There are some 5,000 occupational disease cases per year (rate 22/10,000 employed). The major disease categories include repetitive strain injuries (1,300 cases), respiratory allergies (600 cases), occupational skin diseases (1,000 cases), and 900 cases of noise-caused hearing loss. In 1998, 589 cases of asbestos-related diseases were reported.     

森林地表火蔓延模拟方法及其计算机实现

进行了森林火蔓延的研究,对传统的经验公式和模型进行改进,明显发现改进的模型有更好的结果,用计算机巧妙准确地实现了模拟模型,在风力不是特别大,地形变化不是特别剧烈时,该模型有较高精度;并结合火蔓延的主要因素（气象因子、气候、地形等）,进行系统分析,写出算地,编制实现地表火蔓延的预测预报计算机系统软件。这对于有效的组织扑救、减少火灾损失、计算森林火灾的损失评估有重要意义。     

公路隧道火灾逃生疏散研究

以苍岭隧道为背景,首先采用经验计算理论和计算软件building EXODUS相结合的方式,从被困人员的安全疏散时间、高温烟气的影响、隧道横通道的利用率以及人员的疏散行为特性进行了研究。结果表明:中小规模火灾情况下的安全疏散时间控制在8 min之内,高温烟气影响不大,但横通道的利用率不平均,且人员疏散路线相对集中。然后对存在的逃生疏散问题提出针对性建议以及其他相关建议,旨在为更大程度降低事故的严重性和经济财产损失。