猕猴桃优良品种的选育

猕猴桃以“水果之王”著称于世,在国内外享有盛誉,其售价高于其它水果,30年代开始世界各地争先发展此种水果。1906年以前新西兰从我国引种,选育出5个猕猴桃品种,目前其发展面积、产量均居世界之首。我省是猕猴桃原产地之一,资源十分丰富,1981年以来我们选育出4个品种,推广面积达2万多亩,取得了较好的经济效益。一、选育过程1981年我们在调查野生猕猴桃资源中,初选出类型较好的野生单株45个,采集单株枝条进行无性     

猕猴桃加工技术发展现状及四川猕猴桃产业近况

中国是猕猴桃的栽培生产大国,每年产生的大量猕猴桃残次果给猕猴桃产业带来了不小的损失.多年来,无数研究者为了促进猕猴桃产业的全面发展而致力于猕猴桃加工技术的研究和开发.简要介绍了猕猴桃的加工技术,并结合四川猕猴桃产业发展情况,探讨了四川猕猴桃的健康发展之路.     

中华猕猴桃与软枣猕猴桃种间杂交亲本的筛选北大核心

为筛选中华猕猴桃(A.chinensis Planch.var.chinensis)与软枣猕猴桃(A.argute(Sieb.&Zucc)Planch.ex Miq.)种间杂交亲本,对两类猕猴桃进行染色体倍性测定、物候期调查和果实感官品质、主要营养成分、耐藏性评价。结果表明:①软枣猕猴桃均为四倍体,中华猕猴桃既有四倍体又有二倍体。②两类猕猴桃的萌芽期、展叶期、花期接近,但软枣猕猴桃果实成熟期和休眠期较中华猕猴桃早。③两类猕猴桃果实感官评价指标呈现差异,中华猕猴桃单果重和可溶性固形物含量均显著高于软枣猕猴桃。④受试材料中,HN-AA-03067的VC含量最高,‘魁绿’可溶性糖含量和糖酸比最高,‘金实1号’耐藏性最好。     

四川省自然资源科学研究院——猕猴桃研究所

正四川省自然资源科学研究院于1979年秋开展猕猴桃科研工作,1997年成立猕猴桃研究中心,2001年改名为猕猴桃研究所,成为西南地区专业从事猕猴桃资源开发与利用研究的科研部门。经过20多年的发展,猕猴桃研究所建立了资源与育种、绿色防控等7个科研创新团队,选育出世界上第一个商业化红肉猕猴桃新品种——红阳,建立了全球最     

一种简便高效提取猕猴桃DNA的方法

猕猴桃叶片中含有大量的多糖、多酚等次生物质，常规DNA提取方法不但操作繁琐而且提取出来的DNA不能达到预期的效果。采用改进的SDS法对猕猴桃的5个种（毛花猕猴桃、软枣猕猴桃、黑蕊猕猴桃、美味猕猴桃、中华猕猴桃）提取DNA，均取得满了意结果。提取到的DNA完整性好，杂质少，A260/A280为1．79-1．95，得率鲜叶为1171—1959μg，可直接用于限制性内切酶酶切和随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）反应，且具有简便高效的特点。     

红肉猕猴桃可持续育种研究

通过20多年的育种研究,已培育出经济价值高、经济性状各异的红肉猕猴桃系列品种,即红阳猕猴桃、红华猕猴桃和红美猕猴桃,提出了几点有关可持续育种研究的建议。     

猕猴桃的繁殖技术

猕猴桃的繁殖方法有实生繁殖、嫁接、根插、硬枝或嫩枝扦插,茎断组织培养等。实生繁殖在生产上主要是用于培养砧木,如果通过实生繁殖培养成苗来生产果子则无多大经济价值,实生苗开花至少要8年时间,开花后70％以上的苗子为雄株,但运用该种方法来实生选种具有一定的科研价值。硬枝或嫩枝扦插在国外运用较广泛,如新西兰大部分苗子都是通过这种方法来繁殖。     

西部大开发中的四川猕猴桃资源优势

通过对四川省猕猴桃资源现状的分析,阐述了四川猕猴桃的资源优势及其人工栽培现状,提出了在西部大开发中发展四川猕猴桃产业化的道路。     

皖南山区中华猕猴桃的气候适宜性区划

本文在简要分析皖南山区气候特征的基础上，根据中华猕猴桃的生长习性，提出了发展只结猕猴桃的适宜栽培高度区划，为合理利用山区气候资源发展猕猴桃生产提供科学依据。     

雷波县猕猴桃属植物资源调查与开发利用

通过对四川省雷波县猕猴桃属植物的全面系统调查研究,发现雷波县有猕猴桃种类8个,变种5个,不但种类多,而且果实蕴藏量较大,具有巨大的潜在开发利用价值.针对当前猕猴桃属植物利用率低的现状,提出了开发利用对策.     

Access rights for outdoor recreation in New Zealand: some lessons for open country in England and Wales

Access opportunities for outdoor recreation in New Zealand and England and Wales are classified according to their conformity with collective, citizenship or exclusion rights and their degrees of permanence. Alternative criteria for the apportionment of access rights are considered in the context of this classification. Different criteria for rights apportionment are found to be appropriate according to different circumstances in the context of pluralist provision. Policy developments in New Zealand are compared with those in England. After 150 years of a dominance of collective rights in New Zealand current policy is shifting provision towards exclusionary rights. In England, there is a policy shift in the other direction, towards collective rights. Lessons for the development of collective rights in England are drawn from the New Zealand experience in relation to styles of governance, public preferences, public cost, insurance liability and the potential of markets.     

Application of the pressure-state-response framework to perceptions reporting of the state of the New Zealand environment

The Pressure-State-Response framework for environmental reporting was used as a basis to develop a long-term study of people's perceptions of the state of the New Zealand environment. A postal survey of 2000 people, randomly drawn from the New Zealand electoral roll was used to gather data--an effective response rate of 48% was achieved. A range of different resource sectors was examined. We report on New Zealand's air, native animals and plants, and marine fisheries, as well as New Zealand compared to other developed countries. Respondents generally considered that in terms of pressures, states and responses, New Zealand was performing better than other developed countries and that for the resources examined here overall performance was in the adequate to good range, except for marine fisheries. The survey appears to be a useful tool for linking perceptions data into State of the Environment reporting. It also helps identify policy issues where perceptions do not match other scientific evidence or management initiatives. Such findings can be important for the successful implementation of policy measures.     

The climate's long-term impact on New Zealand infrastructure (CLINZI) project - a case study of Hamilton City, New Zealand

Infrastructure systems and services (ISS) are vulnerable to changes in climate. This paper reports on a study of the impact of gradual climate changes on ISS in Hamilton City, New Zealand. This study is also the first of its kind to be applied to New Zealand ISS. In the future, the CLINZI project will extend to other areas of New Zealand. Using historical climate data and four climate change scenarios, we modelled the impact of climate change on aspects of water supply and quality, transport, energy demand, public health and air quality. Our analysis reveals that many of Hamilton City's infrastructure systems demonstrated greater responsiveness to population changes than to gradual climate change.     

Comparative Analysis of New Zealand and US Approaches for Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Management

The role of the central government in New Zealand is generally limited to research and policy development, and regional councils are responsible for most monitoring and management of the problem. The role of the federal government in the United States includes research and monitoring, policy development, and regulation. States also have a significant management role. Both countries rely on voluntary approaches for NPS pollution management. Very few national water quality standards exist in New Zealand, whereas standards are widely used in the United States. Loading estimates and modeling are often used in the United States, but not in New Zealand. A wide range of best management practices (BMPs) are used in the United States, including buffer strips and constructed/engineered wetlands. Buffer strips and riparian management have been emphasized and used widely in New Zealand. Many approaches are common to both countries, but management of the problem has only been partly successful. The primary barriers are the inadequacy of the voluntary approach and the lack of scientific tools that are useful to decision-makers. More work needs to be performed on the evaluation of approaches developed in both countries that could be applied in the other countries. In addition, more cooperation and information/technology transfer between the two countries should be encouraged in the future.     

New Zealand's Planning Revolution Five Years On: A Preliminary Assessment

It is now five years since New Zealand radically changed its environmental planning regime by introducing the Resource ManagementAct 1991 (RMA). The RMA swept away the entire tradition of town and country planning which New Zealand had inherited from Britain, replacing this with an integrated framework for resource management that attempts to emphasize efficiency, sustainability and public participation in the new system of development control. These new emphases of the RMA reflect the agendasof New Zealand'sgreen and New Right lobbies which gained political influence during the 1980s.However,the green and neo-liberal agendaswhich the RMA attempts to embrace are potentially contradictory. In this paper we investigate this potential contradiction through a preliminary assessment of the first five year's of the new legislation's implementation.In particular, we focus on the operational success, or otherwise, of three 'efficiency' innovations of the RMA, and consider the consequences of these for the environmental and public participation ideals of the legislation.     

Towards sustainable management of natural ecosystems on farms? a New Zealand perspective

Many New Zealand farms still have large remnant indigenous forest patches. This paper discusses constraints and opportunities for the sustainable management of these remnants. First, the paper analyses why the specific ecological situation of the New Zealand vegetation poses severe constraints for sustainable management. Second, results from a case study are presented suggesting that analysis of farmers’ attitudes to remnant ecosystems might provide valuable data for improving existing environmental legislation. Finally, the possible management implications of the new Resource Management Act 1991 and Forest Amendment Act 1993 are discussed. It is argued that these Acts may bring to an end a thousand years of wilful and accidental destruction of New Zealand's natural environment.     

In Search of Arcadia: The Persistence of the Rural Idyll in New Zealand Rural Subdivisions

Arcadian ideals have long been important in western culture. They underpinned projects for colonial settlement and continue to be manifest today in urban perceptions of rural lifestyle throughout the English speaking world. Results from a study of 58 existing or intending smallholders around Christchurch, New Zealand, highlight the way Arcadian ideals and values motivate people to move to the country, and to remain there. They reveal both similarities and contrasts between contemporary New Zealand ideals of the rural way of life and those reported from North America and Europe, and have a number of practical planning implications.     

New Zealand environmental standards and energy policies

This paper describes the primary energy resources of New Zealand and their relative importance. It describes the principal legislation that provides environmental protection and public participation with which State and private agencies are bound to comply. The paper then discusses air pollution in further detail and cites three examples where there is cause for concern. By international standards, air pollution is not a serious problem in New Zealand and so the economic consequences have received little attention Two simple examples are cited. A map showing the main centers and the location of facilities referred to in the text is included