安徽沿江地下水资源的开发与保护

本文对安徽沿江地下水资源的开发利用与保护进行了论述;把地下水分为地下热水、饮用矿泉水和一般地下水.该文进一步展示了开发利用地下水有利于开发性农业的发展,同时提出了保护地下水资源的对策.     

华北平原地下热水矿床分布规律及形成

我国华北平原分布有大小不等、形状各异的地下热水矿床;赋存于石灰岩地层形成的地质构造凸起部位的地下热水富水性好,井产水量大,自喷能力强,水质好,矿化度低,温度高,具有较高的开发利用价值。华北平原地下热水的热源与第三纪侵入的火成岩无关。地下热水的补给来源是山区大气降水渗入地下经过较大的构造断裂带和碳酸盐岩地层岩溶溶洞、断裂裂隙深循环以后形成的。地下热水的温度主要取决于水循环的深度。     

开发地下热水的若干问题

曾经有许多人把地下热水与煤、石油及天然气等能源作了对比,认为地下热水具有分布广泛、易于开采、成本低廉、清洁干净,并可直接利用等独特的优点,是一种很有开发前景的新能源。因此,目前对地下热水的开发和利用已越来越广泛,无论是在工农业生产上还是在日常生活中都在不同程度地直接或间接地利用地下热水中的热能或化学成分。近年来,我国的许多大、中城市都在勘探、开发和利用地下热水。据报道,北京亚运会主会     

胶东地区饮用天然矿泉水判别分析

胶东地区是富含饮用天然矿泉水的地区之一。本文根据野外调查、采样和化验结果,探讨饮用天然矿泉水形成的地质基础,建立了判别函数,为合理开发利用矿泉水资源,提高投资有效性提供了科学依据。1 采样与化验胶东地区饮用天然矿泉水调查研究工作始于1988年9月,历时1年半,共采取水样143个。调     

饮用天然矿泉水资源的开发前景与建议

饮用天然矿泉水资源的开发前景与建议王华启（中山大学城市与资源规划系，广州５１０２７５）１饮用矿泉水资源开发的历史和现状我国可饮用的天然矿泉水资源不仅蕴藏十分丰富，而且类型多、水质好、分布范围广，全国各省几乎都有分布，但我国饮用矿泉水的生产起步较晚，据...     

秦皇岛地区地热资源开发利用中出现的问题与对策

秦皇岛地区地热资源丰富,地下热水被广泛开发利用。地下热水开发利用过程中出现的环境问题,表现在高矿化热水上涌引起的土壤盐碱化和局部地区水温逐年下降。为解决这些环境问题,必须加强管理,制订合理的地下水开采方案;改进落后的成井工艺,由专业队伍施工水井,采取必要措施切断冷热水的水力联系;在高矿化热水井附近打回灌井,阻止土壤盐碱化。     

唐山沿海地区地热资源开发利用及前景

唐山南部沿海地区地热资源十分丰富,近年来,地下热水的开发利用得到了初步的发展,但存在项目单一、利用率不高、资源浪费严重等问题。其开发利用应结合地区区位优势以及地热资源的特点,针对用途分层开采,梯级开发,综合利用,加强温泉旅游的拓展,合理、有序、科学地利用地下热水,更好地保护地热资源。     

秦皇岛地区地热资源开发利用方向

在研究大量地热地质资料的基础上,发现秦皇岛地区存在以断裂构造活动为主要特征的地下热水,区内地下热水的赋存受区域构造、断裂活动、盖层等因素的影响。根据地热资源分布及热储特征,提出秦皇岛地区地热资源开发利用可优先考虑的方向:抚宁县温泉堡、北戴河机场、卢龙县刘田各庄乡赵官庄、黄金海岸及北戴河新城七里海团组。     

青海省化隆县昂思多矿泉水的水质

对昂思多乡地区不同泉眼泉水的水质进行随机抽检，结果表明该区域内泉水的理化和微生物指标不仅符合国家生活饮用水的标准，同时符合天然饮用矿泉水的标准，属富锶型偏碱性中等软水，而且该地区泉水未受到有机物的污染，可将昂思多乡泉水做为优质的天然饮用矿泉水水源。     

开发利用蚌蜱地区矿泉水资源

蚌蝉地区矿泉水主要分布于蚌蜱市淮河以南地区.根据其特殊组分的含量可定为饮用天然矿泉水和医疗矿泉水.目前蚌蟑地区饮用天然矿泉水总开采量约为1.2万m~3/d。特殊组分偏硅酸含量为25～39.0mg/L。锶含量0.3～1.7mg/L,放射性氡1.7～6.25马海/L,达到国家和部颁饮用天然矿泉水标准(偏硅酸大于2.5mg/L。锶0.2～5.0mg/L),属含氡的锶偏硅酸矿泉水.主要分布在以下3个地区:①张公山-老虎山以南地区.矿泉水类型基本上都为 HCO_3-Ca 型水。pH 值7.3～7.87,总矿化度0.4～0.6/L,总硬度12.38～17.44德国度,含锶0.4～0.6mg/L,偏硅酸25～40mg/L,氡一般1.7～5马海/L,属含氡的锶偏硅酸重碳酸钙型饮用天然矿泉水.②张公山-雪华山以北地区。矿泉水类型主     

山西省水资源综合开发利用的重点与途径

山西省是缺水的能源大省。从地表水、地下水、过境水和边界水等不同利用类型水体的开发利用 ,以及节约用水、污水净化和废水的重复利用等五个方面 ,论述了山西省水资源综合开发利用的重点与途径。     

山东省地下水资源的开发利用

山东省地下水资源分布不均,各地开发利用程度差别较大.本文论述了近年来该省地下水在开发利用过程中存在的问题及其对环境的影响,提出了合理开发地下水资源的对策与措施.     

EMERGENCY WATER SUPPLIES FROM GROUND WATER IN HUMID REGIONS1

ABSTRACT: This paper focuses on the development and testing of a mathematical model of an emergency ground water supply operated principally during periods of low streamflow. The process of ground water withdrawal and recharge is simulated taking account of streamflow, water demand, evapotranspiration, natural and artificial recharge and increased evapotranspiration due to artificial recharge, ground water pumpage, and streamflow contribution to pumped water. The model determines whether natural recharge is possible in less time than the return period of drought and also whether artificial recharge is needed. By simulating operation over a long period of time, the model can examine different droughts of short and long duration and can test the operating rules for ground water storage development in an area. Submodels analyze the components of the operating process including ground water flow into the stream, seepage losses, stream portion of well discharge due to induced infiltration and recharge from rainfall or water spreading. The model has been tested for areas in the humid northeastern United States.     

HYDROLOGIC IMPLICATIONS OF GREATER GROUND‐WATER RECHARGE TO LAS VEGAS VALLEY,NEVADA1

ABSTRACT: Published estimates of natural recharge in Las Vegas Valley range between 21,000 and 35,000 acre‐feet per year. This study examined the underlying assumptions of previous investigations and evaluated the altitude‐precipitation relationships. Period‐of‐record averages from high altitude precipitation gages established in the 1940s through the 1990s, were used to determine strong local altitude‐precipitation relationships that indicate new total precipitation and natural recharge amounts and a new spatial distribution of that recharge. This investigation calculated about 51,000 acre‐feet per year of natural recharge in the Las Vegas Hydrographic Basin, with an additional 6,000 acre‐feet per year from areas tributary to Las Vegas Valley, for a total of 57,000 acre‐feet per year. The total amount of natural recharge is greater than estimates from earlier investigations and is consistent with a companion study of natural discharge, which estimated 53,000 acre‐feet per year of outflow. The hydrologic implications of greater recharge in Las Vegas Valley infer a more accurate ground‐water budget and a better understanding of ground‐water recharge that will be represented in a ground‐water model. Thus model based ground‐water management scenarios will more realistically access impacts to the ground‐water system.     

省（区）自然资源综合评价研究：以山西省为例

本文以山西省为例,对省区自然资源进行了综合评价研究,分析了自然资源的相关结构,研究了各类资源的开发潜力,最后对自然资源的总体特征作了简要概括。     

WATER QUALITY AND POLLUTION — SOUTH FORK OF LONG ISLAND,NEW YORK1

ABSTRACT: The South Fork of Long Island, New York is an area which relies entirely on ground water for water supply. Most of the water which is pumped is artifically recharged, without treatment, via cesspools. The natural quality of the ground water is very high. Some areas show increasing nitrate in the ground water. This comes from both cesspools and agricultural fertilizer. Saline water intrusion is a potential problem in coastal areas. High ammonia in surface ponds may result in eutrophication.     

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SHALLOW GROUND WATER IN THE EUTAW AQUIFER,MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA1

ABSTRACT: Ground water samples were collected from 30 wells located in, or directly down gradient from, recharge areas of the Eutaw aquifer in Montgomery, Alabama. The major ion content of the water evolves from calcium‐sodium‐chloride‐dominated type in the recharge area to calcium‐bicarbonate‐dominated type in the confined portion of the aquifer. Ground water in the recharge area was under saturated with respect to aluminosilicate and carbonate minerals. Ground water in the confined portion of the aquifer was at equilibrium levels for calcite and potassium feldspar. Dissolved oxygen and nitrite‐plus‐nitrate concentrations decreased as ground water age increased; pH, iron, and sulfate concentrations increased as ground water age increased. Aluminum, copper, and zinc concentrations decreased as ground water age and pH increased. These relations indicate that nitrate, aluminum, copper, and zinc are removed from solution as water moves from recharge areas to the confined areas of the Eutaw aquifer. The natural evolution of ground water quality, which typically increases the pH and decreases the dissolved oxygen content, may be an important limiting factor to the migration of nitrogen based compounds and metals.     

充分发挥“黄土”资源在复垦中的作用

晋、陕、甘、内蒙、宁夏是我国煤炭及其它矿藏的开发区,矿产资源的开采造成土地资源的破坏和减少。利用丰富的、广泛分布的黄土资源复垦造地在这些省区是完全可行的。本文论述了黄土资源的特性以及利用黄土复垦造地应注意的问题。     

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GROUND WATER AND SURFACE WATER IN THE SUWANNEE RIVER BASIN,FLORIDA1

ABSTRACT: Ground water and surface water constitute a single dynamic system in most parts of the Suwannee River basin due to the presence of karst features that facilitate the interaction between the surface and subsurface. Low radon-222 concentrations (below background levels) and enriched amounts of oxygen-18 and deuterium in ground water indicate mixing with surface water in parts of the basin. Comparison of surface water and regional ground water flow patterns indicate that boundaries for ground water basins typically do not coincide with surface water drainage subbasins. There are several areas in the basin where ground water flow that originates outside of the Suwannee River basin crosses surface water basin boundaries during both low-flow and high-flow conditions. In a study area adjacent to the Suwannee River that consists predominantly of agricultural land use, 18 wells tapping the Upper Floridan aquifer and 7 springs were sampled three times during 1990 through 1994 for major dissolved inorganic constituents, trace elements, and nutrients. During a period of above normal rainfall that resulted in high river stage and high ground water levels in 1991, the combination of increased amounts of dissolved organic carbon and decreased levels of dissolved oxygen in ground water created conditions favorable for the natural reduction of nitrate by denitrification reactions in the aquifer. As a result, less nitrate was discharged by ground water to the Suwannee River.