新疆农业生态环境面临的问题与保护措施

新疆农业生态环境面临的主要问题有两大类:一类问题为生态问题;另一类问题为环境污染问题。简要介绍了新疆农业生态环境面临的生态问题,重点介绍了新疆农业生态环境面临的环境污染问题。针对新疆农业生态环境存在的问题,提出了相应的保护措施。     

射频识别(RFID)系统中的电磁兼容问题分析

随着RFID技术在各个领域的广泛应用,其面临的电磁兼容问题逐渐显现出来。对RFID中电磁兼容问题的分析是解决RFID中电磁兼容问题的前提。论文首先总结出了RFID系统内部存在的主要电磁兼容问题,然后分析了RFID在应用中产生的辐射问题及它与其他系统之间的相互干扰问题,最后归纳总结出了目前对RFID中电磁兼容问题进行研究的方法,及解决RFID中电磁兼容问题的具体措施。     

石油企业基层HSE管理存在问题与对策分析

通过统计年度石油企业重点工作HSE督查中发现的问题,发现基层HSE管理问题占一半以上,对基层问题进一步分类后,数据显示现场设备管理问题占比最高,高达30％,其他几类依次排序为基层隐患管理问题、现场标准化问题、现场承包商管理问题、现场应急管理问题、基层风险管控问题、危险作业管控问题。对基层HSE管理问题产生的根源进行了追溯,从基层HSE管理机制、加强基层单位监管能力建设、开展基层减负三方面提出了改进措施。     

生物入侵中入侵种与土著种的相互作用

在全球范围内,生物入侵已经成为一个非常严重的环境问题,并产生了生态问题和经济问题。本文阐述了生物入侵中入侵种自身的变化及对土著种的影响,并讨论了生物入侵过程中入侵种与土著种的快速进化问题。     

解决农村环境问题的对策探讨

面对农村生态环境恶化和农村环境污染的突出问题,必须探索出一套行之有效的解决农村环境问题的方法。本文在分析农村主要环境问题的基础上,阐述了搞好农村环境问题的必要性,并且提出了相应的对策。     

小城镇建设的作用与出现的环境问题及对策

小城镇建设在推进社会发展、解决"三农"问题方面发挥了重要作用,但同时也出现了相应的环境问题,如水土流失生态破坏,大气、水体、土壤遭受不同程度的污染.就小城镇建设的作用、小城镇建设过程中出现的环境问题做了探讨,同时针对出现的环境问题提出了相应的对策.     

生物工程在废水净化中的应用及发展趋势

水污染问题是环境保护领域中重要的问题之一,如何高效的利用生物工程技术来解决这一问题已成为环保界普遍重视的问题。本文总结了近年来生物工程在废水净化中的应用现状,并对当前废水净化中生物工程的发展趋势进行了探讨。     

环境保护部:今后将优先解决机场噪声污染问题

机场噪声污染问题引起了环保部的关注。近日,环境保护部副部长吴晓青表示,机场噪声问题,解决不好,将演变成社会问题和政治问题。他透露,今后一段时期,环境保护部将优先解决机场噪声污染问题。     

通化市哈泥河饮用水源地保护存在的问题及对策

伴随着经济的快速发展,水源地保护的问题日益凸显出来,饮水保障问题已受到了社会各界的普遍关注。本文对通化市饮用水源保护工作中存在的问题和对策进行了探讨。     

青海省黄河水生生物资源养护现状及保护对策

文章分析了青海省黄河水生生物资源情况及存在的问题,并根据问题提出了相应的对策。     

淮河流域水资源环境与可持续利用

由于经济的快速发展和人口的过快增加,加上以往的环境治理不到位,使淮河流域水环境问题始终未得到有效的控制和解决。从淮河流域水资源的概况、特点、存在问题和对策等方面对淮河流域水环境问题进行了简要的分析和讨论。     

WATER PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENTS OF THE PAST1

Present-day climatic conditions of the Earth were reached between 5,000 and 8,000 years ago. These are essentially the conditions under which the earliest civilizations arose. Ancient basic water problems were the same as those of today, and remarkable technologies for coping with these problems were developed. Few water technologies, except for water treatment, are modern creations. Dry farming began about 8000 B.C. Irrigation began about 5000 B.C. and became extensive by about 3500 B.C., principally in Mesopotamia, the Nile Valley of Egypt, and the Indus Valley of Pakistan. Ancient irrigators developed ingenious structures for obtaining groundwater without the use of wells or sweeps. One device, the Khanat (a kind of infiltration gallery), is still widely used in the Mediterranean area, southwest Asia and China. The khanat was invented during the First Millenium B.C. Ancient peoples also learned to collect surface runoff in areas of scanty precipitation and to use it for local groundwater recharge. The water was recovered from dug wells and used for domestic supply and stock watering. Damming of rivers began at least by the early part of the First Millenium B.C. in the Arabian Peninsula. Most early dams were for irrigation but some were also for city water supply. Many canals in various areas served the dual purposes of water supply and navigation. Soil and water salinity have been persistent problems throughout the history of irrigation and we still have not solved these problems. Irrigation practices were developed independently in the New World but much later than in the Old. North American Indians in some areas still follow the ancient practices. The chinampa system, still used in Mexico, is one of the most intensive methods of farming ever devised. Ancient peoples in the Old World also developed ingenious methods for conserving and increasing soil moisture and for retarding runoff and erosion. During the time of classical Greece and imperial Rome practical water engineering developed to a high degree. Water tunnels, aqueducts, canals, drainage ditches, and dams become commonplace. Even so, water supply and management came relatively late in Europe, where dependence had been largely on natural supply and distribution until the 19th Century.     

大庆石化公司化工三厂中水回用探讨

中水回用是企业普遍采用的节水减排方式之一。大庆石化公司化工三厂中水回用装置采用目前国内较为先进的工艺,中水主要经过曝气生物滤池、水处理生化系统、臭氧尾气回收处理——预臭氧化系统、二氧化氯发生系统等单元的处理得以回用。装置投用后满负荷生产每年可减排污水约80多万吨,减排COD约80t。文章针对存在的问题进行了分析并提出了对策措施。     

塔里木河下游应急输水植被恢复现状与问题

对塔里木河应急输水进行了介绍,比较了应急输水前后主要断面植被恢复状况,分析了应急输水后植被恢复的特征与存在的问题,提出了巩固植被恢复效果、扩大植被恢复面积及有效保护植被的措施和建议。     

广东省水资源及其开发利用

本文介绍了广东省的自然地理条件,分析了水资源特点,对其开发利用现状、取得的效益和存在的问题进行了探讨,并对进一步开发利用广东省水资源提出了建议。     

地质环境与城市可持续发展

城市建设要处理好人与地质环境的关系,充分考虑地质环境的容量和质量,正确认识地质作用对地质环境的干扰。我国城市地质环境脆弱,地质灾害严重,不合理开发利用地下水诱发了一些环境地质问题,矿山城市地质环境形势严峻。以上问题威胁着城市可持续发展,必须引起高度重视。     

滇池流域水资源的开发与保护

本文介绍了滇池流域的自然条件和社会经济发展,分析了水资源特点,对其开发现状和供需预测作了评述,并提出了进一步开发和保护水资源的建议。     

乌鲁木齐和平渠治理中人工湿地的应用探讨

和平渠是乌鲁木齐河流经乌鲁木齐市区的人工渠道,存在着严重的安全问题和水污染问题。在已经提出的各种治理方案中,对这两个问题的解决,常常存在着尖锐的矛盾。探讨人工湿地系统在和平渠治理中的具体应用,以期达到既能消除安全隐患又能改善水环境的生态效应。     

The impact of visual information on perceptions of water resource problems and management alternatives

To assess changes in human understanding and decision making, the paper examines (1) the influence of visual information on perceptions about groundwater management in Phoenix, Arizona and (2) the correlates and dimensions underlying people's views about water scarcity and mitigation strategies. While perceptions entrenched in ideologies are difficult to change, different types of information (three-dimensional versus two-dimensional) have distinct impacts on the perceived magnitude of problems compared to judgements about their causes and solutions. Overall, visual information may be especially useful for developing a shared understanding of problems and a collective vision for management alternatives. Additional implications of this study for fostering environmental awareness, policy support, and collaborative decision making are also discussed.     

Characterizing and Contextualizing the Water Challenges of Megacities

We characterize and compare water challenges confronting the 28 megacities of the world in 2014. Relying on existing literature and diverse primary data sources, we present a unique portrait at a global scale of the water implications of the rapid growth in megacities. We find that differentiating and analyzing the complexity of megacities' water problems based on geographic contexts, historical development trajectories, urban population growth rates, and forms of urban expansion helps explain the nature of the various water management problems they confront. Two governance features also shed light on megacity water challenges: fragmentation resulting from forms of megacity urban expansion; and, urban dualism resulting from contradictions between historical and cultural legacies and the rise of global engineering and technological norms for water management. The increasing vulnerability of megacities to climate change poses risks as well as opportunities for a more collective response to address this global phenomenon. Our analysis raises important questions and offers guidance about the future trajectories of many more large cities around the world that are on their way to becoming megacities.