植物生长调节剂对格药柃硬枝扦插繁殖的影响

研究了NAA、IBA对格药柃硬枝扦插繁殖的影响.结果表明,选择适当浓度的外源植物生长调节物质可显著提高格药柃硬枝扦插繁殖效果.其中用1000mg/L质量浓度的吲哚丁酸溶液速浸5min插穗,其生根率可达76.67%.     

环境激素——人类生存的潜在威胁

工业化的产物 众所周知,在正常情况下,人和其他生物能根据自身各个生长阶段的需要合成各种代谢调节物质,即内分泌激素。正是因为有了它,自然界中的生物才得以进行正常的新陈代谢,世代相传。然而,近些年来,人类不断发现一些存在于生物机体之外的、具有与人和生物内分泌激素作用类似的物质,有时能引起生物内分泌紊乱,就将之称为环境激素,又称环境荷尔蒙。 “环境激素”一词是1996年由美国《波士顿环境》报记者安·达玛诺斯基首先提出来的。但是,它的产生却始于20世纪30年代,当时人们采用人工合成的方法生产雌性激素(DES),用作药品。近70年来,随     

不同中药复方对锦鲤免疫功能的影响

以锦鲤为实验研究对象,研究3种中药复方制剂对锦鲤免疫功能的影响。结果表明,3种中药复方制剂对锦鲤血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性和尿素氮含量均有一定的降低诱导作用,1号（黄芪、当归、益母草等）复方组的尿素氮含量降低显著（P〈0.05）;对锦鲤肝脏免疫能力均有增强作用,1号（黄芪、当归、益母草等）、3号（灵芝、大黄、黄柏等）复方组可显著提高肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和总抗氧化能力（P〈0.05）,2号（红景天、刺五加、香菇等）复方组可使肝脏溶菌酶活性显著升高（P〈0.05）。     

信息

树木也会造成空气污染 刊载在美国《德克萨斯A&M大学学报》（Texas A&M University，2002/06/25）上的一篇研究指出，大部分的空气污染来自于人为活动，尽管如此，通过化学反应，生物所排放的物质也可能转变成有害的污染物。比如有些树木就会制造伤害自己生长的物质，这些物质可能对全球气候造成影响，进而伤害其它物种。 研究发现，橡树会制造异戊二烯（isoprene），这种物质会增加大气中的臭氧，有超过1000种的化学反应会将异戊二烯转变成有害的空气污染物。异戊二烯是橡树在呼吸时所放出的物质，它的总量在所有自然产生碳…     

生态系统中的信息流动

生态系统中的信息流动何章起（新疆农业大学乌鲁木齐８３００５２）生态系统中，除了能流和物流外，还有信息流。而且，信息流支配着能量流动的方向和物质循环的过程。正是有了信息流，才使一个生态系统产生了自动调节机制。对生态系统的这一重要机制，研究尚欠系统。因此...     

4种化感物质对铜绿微囊藻生长及叶绿素荧光参数影响的比较

为探究青蒿素、壬酸、没食子酸和邻苯二酚4种化学物质对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa,FACHB-937)的胁迫效应,分析了同一质量浓度下4种化感物质对藻细胞生长、叶绿素a含量和叶绿素荧光参数的差异性。结果表明:整个实验周期内,邻苯二酚处理组的铜绿微囊藻生长被显著抑制,叶绿素a含量减少了2.25%～89.7%;邻苯二酚、青蒿素和壬酸都通过降低铜绿微囊藻的叶绿素a含量、光合速率、对强光的耐受能力从而抑制其生长;没食子酸增强了铜绿微囊藻的潜在光合作用能力,但抑制了其细胞内叶绿素a的合成。     

水葫芦快速杀灭技术及其资源化利用

针对水葫芦的防治,提出快速杀灭、无害化处理及资源化利用新技术。其要点为：利用水葫芦对某些物质的敏感性特点,采用在敏感物质中加入药物传导因子制作成专用抑制水葫芦生长的抑制剂,并通过叶面喷施,可在12—24h内快速有效地杀灭水葫芦及其根系;通过及时打捞、就地发酵以及使重金属相对失效的方法进行无害化处理;利用水葫芦富含有机质和钾素的特点,作为优质有机钾肥进行资源化利用。     

栽培植物的化学调节和控制

化学调节和控制作为近代农业生产中的一项新技术已日益显示出其重要作用和地位。人们进行化学调节和控制的目的是提高植物的抗逆力与抗病力、改善品质,实现增产增收。与其它农艺措施相比,化学调节和控制具有投资少、见效快、效果好、社会和经济效益显著等特点。1化学调节和控制的应用前景广阔在近代农业中,化学调节与控制的应用非常广泛,它能更好地促进或抑制植物的生长、发育、开花、结果,提高植物的抗逆力;能通过打破种子休眠、促进生根、化学整形、化学杀雄.调节雌雄花性别转化,化学疏花疏果,保花保果以及无核化处理等手段生产出更多、更…     

水花生生长抑制剂与防治技术研究

针对外来入侵植物水花生对农林渔业生产造成的严重影响,采用植物对某种营养元素的敏感性原理,筛选出水花生敏感的物质,结合叶面喷施肥配置出A、B、C三种水花生生长抑制剂配方;再采用水溶液喷施的方式对水花生进行不同浓度处理,观察测定水花生的生理指标,筛选出最佳的防治水花生配方及处理浓度。研究结果表明,随着处理浓度的升高,生长抑制剂对水花生的生物量、叶绿素含量的影响逐渐增加,A、B配方的防治效果较好,且最佳处理浓度为2%。     

抗癌蔬菜

许多蔬菜中含有抗癌物质,具有防癌、抗癌的作用,以下十种蔬菜最受青睐。洋葱:洋葱中含有的栎皮黄泰,是目前已知的最有力的天然抗癌物质之一。它可抑制多种致癌物质的活性,还可防止癌细胞的生长。胡萝卜:胡萝卜中的胡萝卜素,人食后于体内可生成维生寨 A,具有稳定上皮细胞,阻止细胞过度增殖引起癌变的作用。因胡萝卜素为脂溶性物质,生吃不易被吸收,宜用油烹调后食     

Exploring Chemical Variables in Ligustrum lucidum Ait. F. Tricolor (Rehd.) Rehd. in Relation to Air Pollutants and Environmental Conditions

Ligustrum lucidum Ait. f. tricolor (Rehd.) Rehd. in relation to atmospheric pollutants in Córdoba city, Argentina. The study area receives regional pollutants and was categorized taking into account traffic level, industrial density, type of industry, location of the sample point in relation to the street corner, treeless condition, and topographic level. Dried weight/fresh weight ratio (DW/FW) and specific leaf area (SLA) were calculated, and concentrations of chlorophylls, carotenoids, total sulfur, soluble proteins, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydroperoxy conjugated dienes (HPCD) were determined in leaf samples. Sulfur content correlates positively with traffic density and SLA correlates negatively with some combinations of the categorical variables; MDA correlates positively with topographic level and total protein concentration correlates negatively with treeless condition. On the basis of our results, traffic, location of trees, type of industry, situation of a tree with respect to others, and topographic level are the environmental variables to bear in mind when selecting analogous sampling points in a passive monitoring program. An approximation to predict tree injury may be obtained by measuring DW/FW ratio, proteins, pigments, HPCD, and MDA as they are responsible for the major variability of data.     

瓦屋山附着凌冰的化学成分研究

为研究附着凌冰的化学成分及其与大气环境污染的关系。2001年12月，在位于瓦屋山2600米处的山顶采集了树枝上的附着凌冰，并对其所含阴离子的组成进行了测定。分析结果表明：凌冰中各阴离子含量都很低，pH为3．5属强酸性未被中和。酸性物质的起源与燃煤以外的因素有关。     

Simulating interactive effects of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, carbon dioxide elevation, and climatic change on legume growth

The underlying mechanisms of interaction between the symbiotic nitrogen-fixation process and main physiological processes, such as assimilation, nutrient allocation, and structural growth, as well as effects of nitrogen fixation on plant responses to global change, are important and still open to more investigation. Appropriate models have not been adequately developed. A dynamic ecophysiological model was developed in this study for a legume plant [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growing in northern China. The model synthesized symbiotic nitrogen fixation and the main physiological processes under variable atmospheric CO2 concentration and climatic conditions, and emphasized the interactive effects of these processes on seasonal biomass dynamics of the plant. Experimental measurements of ecophysiological quantities obtained in a CO2 enrichment experiment on soybean plants, were used to parameterize and validate the model. The results indicated that the model simulated the experiments with reasonable accuracy. The R2 values between simulations and observations are 0.94, 0.95, and 0.86 for total biomass, green biomass, and nodule biomass, respectively. The simulations for various combinations of atmospheric CO2 concentration, precipitation, and temperature, with or without nitrogen fixation, showed that increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration, precipitation, and efficiency of nitrogen fixation all have positive effects on biomass accumulation. On the other hand, an increased temperature induced lower rates of biomass accumulation under semi-arid conditions. In general, factors with positive effects on plant growth tended to promote each other in the simulation range, except the relationship between CO2 concentration and climatic factors. Because of the enhanced water use efficiency with a higher CO2 concentration, more significant effects of CO2 concentration were associated with a worse (dryer and warmer in this study) climate.     

气态氨对吊兰生长的毒理学影响

探讨气态氨染毒对吊兰生长的毒性作用,将生长状况相似的吊兰置于氨浓度为0.1mg/m^3、0.2mg/m^3、0.3mg/m^3、0.4mg/m^3的密闭容器中,以空气作为对照,测定叶片的叶绿素含量变化、叶绿素a/b比值变化、丙二醛含量变化、可溶性糖含量变化、脯氨酸含量变化以及叶片对有毒气体的形态学反应。结果表明,经处理的吊兰叶片外观损伤明显,叶绿素含量随气体浓度的增加而减小,叶绿素a/b比值减小,丙二醛和可溶性糖含量随气体浓度的升高而升高,脯氨酸含量随着气体浓度的增加而积累,气态氨对吊兰的毒理学影响明显。     

石油污染土壤中石油含量对玉米的影响

为了弄清石油污染土壤中石油类对农作物的影响,吉林油田进行了一年的田间玉米种植试验。在不同浓度水平,分别对玉米出苗率、可见外观特性、百粒重、产量和品质进行了较系统的观察、监测、类比分析。结果表明,土壤中石油含量的不同,对玉米生长过程各项指标有不同的影响。并找出吉林油田土壤—玉米系统中影响玉米生长及其产量的土壤临界含油量。     

基于模糊数学的矿业城市地表水污染风险评价

根据模糊数学方法,建立了水污染风险模糊综合评价数学模型,以煤炭资源型城市阜新为研究对象,选取辽河流域阜新段1996～2005年枯水期和丰水期水质状况平均值进行水污染风险评价。旨在定量分析评价阜新地区地表水环境质量现状和存在的问题。结果表明：辽河阜新段水质在1996～2005年间波动较大,呈水质日益恶化的状态。水体主要污染物为有机物、氨氮和溶解性铁,总体来说各污染物变化规律各不相同,总磷、BOD5、溶解性铁呈递增趋势,其他污染物质都呈波动性变化。     

Effects of organic amendments on the reduction and phytoavailability of chromate in mineral soil

In this study, seven organic amendments (biosolid compost, farm yard manure, fish manure, horse manure, spent mushroom, pig manure, and poultry manure) were investigated for their effects on the reduction of hexavalent chromium [chromate, Cr(VI)] in a mineral soil (Manawatu sandy soil) low in organic matter content. Addition of organic amendments enhanced the rate of reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in the soil. At the same level of total organic carbon addition, there was a significant difference in the extent of Cr(VI) reduction among the soils treated with organic amendments. There was, however, a significant positive linear relationship between the extent of Cr(VI) reduction and the amount of dissolved organic carbon in the soil. The effect of biosolid compost on the uptake of Cr(VI) from the soil, treated with various levels of Cr(VI) (0-1200 mg Cr kg(-1) soil), was examined with mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plants. Increasing addition of Cr(VI) increased Cr concentration in plants, resulting in decreased plant growth (i.e., phytotoxicity). Addition of the biosolid compost was effective in reducing the phytotoxicity of Cr(VI). The redistribution of Cr(VI) in various soil components was evaluated by a sequential fractionation scheme. In the unamended soil, the concentration of Cr was higher in the organic-bound, oxide-bound, and residual fractions than in the soluble and exchangeable fractions. Addition of organic amendments also decreased the concentration of the soluble and exchangeable fractions but especially increased the organic-bound fraction in soil.     

IS IT REALISTIC TO DEFINE A 100-YEAR DROUGHT FOR WATER MANAGEMENT?1

ABSTRACT: The concept of recurrence interval has been used for years in engineering designs. Can the same concept be applied to the drought analysis? This paper uses the plotting position method to define drought of various recurrence intervals based on stream-flow data. The method of truncation level was applied to the same data to examine the defined drought. Based on the method of truncation level, drought duration and its corresponding flow deficit were investigated. Eighteen flow gage stations from the Scioto River Basin in Ohio were selected for the study. The results show that flows of 100-year droughts using the plotting position method are practically nil. On the other hand, flows of droughts using the truncation method are gradually decreasing with an increase in truncation level, where flows of 95 percent are approximately equal to those of two-year droughts defined by the plotting position. It is also shown that there is a strung correlation between drought duration and deficit.     

稠油污水处理系统改造与絮凝剂筛选试验研究

河南油田井楼稠油联合站含油污水中的污油和悬浮物含量较高,超过150mg/L。为此,对该处理系统进行了改造,并对絮凝剂的筛选进行了试验。结果表明:无机絮凝剂与有机絮凝剂联合作用,可对污水中所含有的污油和有机物杂质的悬浮物产生很好的絮凝沉降效果。加药浓度、加药顺序及沉降时间均对絮凝沉降效果有一定的影响。改造后的污水处理系统实现了污水达标回注,降低了无效回注费用。同时还回收了污油,降低了药剂成本,产生了十分明显的经济效益,每年节约成本约500万元。     

Predicting the Fate and Transport of E. coli in Two Texas River Basins Using a Spatially Referenced Regression Model1

Abstract: The two main rivers of southeast Texas: Guadalupe and San Antonio have shown high temporal increase in bacteria concentration during the last decade. The SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed (SPARROW) attributes model, developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), has been applied to predict the fluxes and concentrations of contaminants in unmonitored streams and to identify the sources of these contaminants. This model identifies every reach as a basic network unit to distribute the sources, delivery, and attenuation factors. The model is data intensive and implements nonlinear regression to solve the parsimonious relations for describing various watershed processes. This study explored watershed and hydrological characteristics (land uses, precipitation, human and animal population, point sources, areal hydraulic load and drainage density, etc.) as the probable sources and delivery mechanisms of waterborne pathogens and their indicator (Escherichia coli [E. coli]) in the Guadalupe and San Antonio River basins. The effect of using various statistical indices for model selection on the final model’s ability to explain the various E. coli sources and transport processes was also analyzed.