共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
冯志文 《国外农业环境保护》2010,(5):33-35
地下水对天水经济社会发展有着十分重要的作用,但由于自然和人为因素影响,流域内水环境日益恶化,严重制约着经济社会的全面发展。本文在分析天水市地下水资源的主要特点及地下水环境状况的基础上,对地下水资源的开发利用现状进行了评价,提出了地下水开发利用与保护的具体措施。 相似文献
2.
山东省地下水资源分布不均,各地开发利用程度差别较大.本文论述了近年来该省地下水在开发利用过程中存在的问题及其对环境的影响,提出了合理开发地下水资源的对策与措施. 相似文献
3.
本文对安徽沿江地下水资源的开发利用与保护进行了论述;把地下水分为地下热水、饮用矿泉水和一般地下水.该文进一步展示了开发利用地下水有利于开发性农业的发展,同时提出了保护地下水资源的对策. 相似文献
4.
重视地下水资源开发利用与保护 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文着重介绍了国内外地下水开发利用状况,以及造成水质严重污染,影响人类的生存,提出合理开发利用和保护地下水资源,已成为当今世界上的重要课题,提出了和措施,一,强调地下不和地表水是自然界水循环中两个密切相关的环境,必须统一管理,协调开发,二,应用计算机技术,建立管理模型。三,注意解决地表与地下水联合规划,海水入侵,地面沉降,工农业污染,人工回灌等,四,加强对水质和生态环境的保护。 相似文献
5.
6.
地下水是水资源的重要组成部分,水量稳定、水质好,是农业灌溉、工矿和城市的重要水源之一。地下水污染是由于人为因素造成地下水水质恶化的现象,人为因素是造成地下水污染的重要原因。减少污染源的数量、污染物的排放量和加强对地下水的保护是控制地下水污染的有效途径。按照国家环保部要求,通过污染源筛选以及对典型危险废物处置场周边地下水基础环境状况调查和监测,掌握了大量的第一手数据,掌握了背景、常规、特征污染因子污染状况及污染物分布时空规律,来判断周边地下水是否受到污染和影响,为制定相应配套的污染控制方案提供科学的依据。 相似文献
7.
根据近期地下水动态监测资料,结合四平市地下水赋存的环境水文地质条件,分析论述了监测区内由于不合理开发地下水资源而产生地下水水位下降、水量削减、水质污染等环境地质问题,提出了防治对策建议。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
刘冰 《环境保护与循环经济》2013,(8):52-54
由于受到人类活动的影响,地下水的污染问题日趋严重,地下水污染防治迫在眉睫。根据铁岭市地下水现状调查监测与评价结果,从水文地质单元因素、自然和人为因素、水资源量和行政分区因素以及地下水水质因素4个方面,初步构建了铁岭市地下水污染防治区划体系,进而提出了地下水污染的预防、治理和管理措施。 相似文献
11.
Omar S. Abu-Rizaiza Abdullah M. Mohorjy 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1994,30(1):113-123
ABSTRACT: Due to the spread of Islam in the seventh century the number of pilgrims to the City of Makkah increased sharply, resulting in an acute water shortage. To solve this problem, galleries were built to collect water from the upstream of Wadi Naaman and transfer it to Makkah. Expansion of Makkah and the absence of any mapping of the galleries have resulted in the destruction of a part of the galleries. This caused a discontinuity of flow in the galleries and, consequently, the ground water table is rising at a rate of 0.48 m/yr, causing environmental problems. Research was conducted to rehabilitate the destructed part of the galleries, and to find an appropriate use for the ground water. The study found that the quality of the ground water is suitable for landscaping purposes, that is, for the irrigation of trees and ornamental plants. 相似文献
12.
Adrian H. Griffin James C. Wade William E. Martin 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1980,16(5):849-855
ABSTRACT: The ground water in the Tucson basin is being drawn faster than it is replenished by nature. The water table is falling, giving rise to several conflicts between water users in the basin. At present, several lawsuits are in progress, including an action by the Papago Tribe against some of the major water users in the basin. Largely because of these difficulties, the State Legislature has established a commission to make proposals for the reform of Arizona's ground water law. The pattern of water use in the basin will undoubtedly be changed by the outcome of the present litigation and the coming reform of Arizona's ground water law. This paper describes how water use in the basin might be affected by changes in the availability of water and gives an account of the effects that these changes in water use could have on the region's economy. The paper concludes that the water problems of the Tucson basin will have little effect on the region at large and that these problems are simply a matter for the Indians and the other water users in the basin to sort out amongst themselves. 相似文献
13.
Ronald L. Ritschard Karen Tsao 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1980,16(2):340-347
ABSTRACT: Growers in California used several energy and water conservation strategies in response to the drought conditions of 1976 and 1977. The strategies included an increased use of ground water, in creased irrigation efficiencies, and shifts in cropping patterns. Drought-related losses to irrigated agriculture were minimized as a result of these modifications. Some future problems may have been created, however, by obtaining the needed water supplies for 1976–77. These problems include the effects of extensive water pumping on ground water reservoirs and ground subsidence. In addition, reduced water application by less frequent irrigation and changes in irrigation methods may affect the total salt balance for future years. Several conservation strategies that have some potential application in California were identified as: maintaining and augmenting surface water supply, increasing power use efficiencies, and improving irrigation efficiencies. Electricity savings associated with water conservation have been estimated as high as 25 percent. Specific near term actions suggested for facilitating conservation included: an expanded irrigation management system, efficient water deliveries, and a continued effort on the part of the individual growers to use resources during periods of normal rainfall as they were used under drought conditions. 相似文献
14.
随着近30年来中原油田高强度、大面积的石油开采,高强度注水采油和超采地下水造成的负面效应日益凸现。通过地下水位下降,地下漏斗面积增大,地面沉降,地裂缝,土壤、水体污染五个方面阐述了注水采油带来的生态环境问题,以及由此导致的对公共设施和建筑物的破坏、水土污染等严重后果。 相似文献
15.
David T. Fractor 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1988,24(2):405-412
ABSTRACT: While most inquiries into improving the efficiency of ground water allocation have focused upon various schemes involving centralized management, recently the focus has shifted towards exploring private property solutions to these problems. However, most of these studies, when modeling ground water use, have equated behavior under private property to that under common property conditions. This leads to the possibly mistaken conclusion that private property rights do not promote more efficient ground water use, because these models assume that producers ignore the future effects of current pumping. This paper attempts to correct this deficiency by formally modeling ground water use under common property, central management, and private property scenarios. Moreover, there are many ways that property rights can be defined over ground water, some establishing more exclusivity over the resource than others. Four specifications of property rights are analyzed for their likely effects on allocative efficiency: full stock-flow, partial stock-flow, limited stock-flow, and pure flow rights. 相似文献
16.
Thomas S. Maddock Walter G. Hines 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1995,31(2):317-329
ABSTRACT: Most southwestern cities were founded along rivers or in areas having springs or readily available ground water. Because of the generally sparse precipitation, the renewable fresh water supply in the Southwest is smaller than most other areas of the United States. Despite the arid climate, water use has increased rapidly, first in the form of irrigation, and more recently the use in cities. This has caused extensive development of local water resources and overdraft of ground water basins in some areas. It is difficult to implement new local supplies and importation projects due to a myriad of environmental and legal constraints and a general shortage of public funds. Various opportunities and plans for water management, both on the demand and supply sides, are discussed. Evolving water strategies in four metropolitan areas - El Paso, Albuquerque, Las Vegas, and Phoenix - and issues regarding the Central Arizona Project are presented. 相似文献
17.
Hosung Ahn 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2000,36(3):501-510
ABSTRACT: Management of a regional ground water system to mitigate drought problems at the multi‐layered aquifer system in Collier County, Florida, is the main topic. This paper developed a feedforward control system that consists of system and control equations. The system equation, which forecasts ground water levels using the current measurements, was built based on the Kalman filter algorithm associated with a stochastic time series model. The role of the control equation is to estimate the pumping reduction rate during an anticipated drought. The control equation was built based on the empirical relationship between the change in ground water levels and the corresponding pumping requirement. The control system starts with forecasting one‐month‐ahead ground water head at each control point. The forecasted head is in turn used to calculate the deviation of ground water heads from the monthly target specified by a 2‐in‐10‐year frequency. When the forecasted water level is lower than the target, the control system computes spatially‐varied pumping reduction rates as a recommendation for ground water users. The proposed control system was tested using hypothetical droughts. The simulation result revealed that the estimated pumping reduction rates are highly variable in space, strongly supporting the idea of spatial forecasting and controlling of ground water levels as opposed to a lumped water use restriction method used previously in the model area. 相似文献
18.
The Role of Ground Water in Generating Streamflow in Headwater Areas and in Maintaining Base Flow1 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract: The volume and sustainability of streamflow from headwaters to downstream reaches commonly depend on contributions from ground water. Streams that begin in extensive aquifers generally have a stable point of origin and substantial discharge in their headwaters. In contrast, streams that begin as discharge from rocks or sediments having low permeability have a point of origin that moves up and down the channel seasonally, have small incipient discharge, and commonly go dry. Nearly all streams need to have some contribution from ground water in order to provide reliable habitat for aquatic organisms. Natural processes and human activities can have a substantial effect on the flow of streams between their headwaters and downstream reaches. Streams lose water to ground water when and where their head is higher than the contiguous water table. Although very common in arid regions, loss of stream water to ground water also is relatively common in humid regions. Evaporation, as well as transpiration from riparian vegetation, causing ground‐water levels to decline also can cause loss of stream water. Human withdrawal of ground water commonly causes streamflow to decline, and in some regions has caused streams to cease flowing. 相似文献
19.
Chen Wuing Liu 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(2):431-442
ABSTRACT: Ground water is a vital water resource in the Choushui River alluvial fan in Taiwan. A significantly increased demand for water, resulting from rapid economic development, has led to large scale ground water extraction. Overdraft of ground water has considerably lowered the ground water level, and caused seawater intrusion, land subsidence, and other environmental damage. Sound ground water management thus is essential. This study presents a decision support system (DSS) for managing ground water resources in the Choushui River alluvial fan. This DSS integrates geographic information, ground water simulation, and expert systems. The geographic information system effectively analyzes and displays the spatially varied data and interfaces with the ground water simulation system to compute the dynamic behavior of ground water flow and solute transport in the aquifer. Meanwhile, a ground water model, MODFLOW‐96, is used to determine the permissible yield in the Choushui River alluvial fan. Additionally, an expert system of DSS employs the determined aquifer permissible yield to assist local government agencies in issuing water rights permits and managing ground water resources in the Choushui River alluvial fan. 相似文献
20.
Thomas Barringer Dennis Dunn William Battaglin Eric Vowinkel 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1990,26(1):1-9
ABSTRACT: Efforts to relate shallow ground-water quality to the land use near a well lead to several statistical difficulties. These include potential uncertainty in land-use categorical data due to misclassification, data closure, distributional skewing, and spatial autocorrelation. Methods of addressing these problems are, respectively, the establishment of limits on minimum buffer radius, the estimation of contrasts, rank-based tests of association, and sub-sampling to prevent buffer overlap. Relations between the presence of purgeable organic compounds in ground water and land use are used to illustrate these problems and methods. 相似文献