上海佘山国家森林公园空气负离子动态及其主要影响因子

以上海佘山国家森林公园为研究地,通过定点观测,对比分析了林内与空地的空气负离子在日变化和季节变化上的规律。研究结果表明:在一日内的上午、中午、下午3个时段,林内与空地的空气负离子浓度和安培空气离子评价系数(CI)值均无显著性差异;而在这3个时段,林内的空气负离子浓度和CI值均显著高于空地;季节上,林内与空地的负离子浓度、CI值以及空气清洁程度均为夏秋季大于春季大于冬季,林内和空地在夏秋两季负离子浓度和CI值都显著大于空地。同时林内的空气清洁程度在4个季节皆高于空地。通过多元回归分析得出,总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)是影响夏秋两季林内负离子浓度和CI值的主要影响因素;相对湿度是影响夏秋两季空地空气负离子浓度和CI值的主要影响因素。     

Histological demonstration of immunoreactive metallothionein in sections of human and rat tissue

Immunoreactive metallothionein has been demonstrated in formalin fixed sections of rat and human tissue using a DNP hapten sandwich staining procedure and antibody to zinc-induced rat liver metallothionein II.MT was found in rat liver, duodenum, jejunum and ileum and in human liver and ileum both intracellularly in hepatocytes and enterocytes and extracellularly in portal vessels, sinusoids and canaliculi in the liver and in the lamina propria of the intestine.Changes in intensity of staining were related in the rat to the feeding/fasting status of the animal and whether exogenous zinc had been administered. In man least MT was found in the ileum of patients with Crohn's disease and most in patients with non-inflammatory bowel disease.These results confirm that MT is an important physiological metal-binding protein in man and animals and is concerned in zinc transport and binding in rats.     

山西芦芽山林线附近土壤水分空间分布特征及其影响因素

于2008年植被生长季,在芦芽山荷叶坪亚高山草甸及森林-草甸过渡带内布设观测样带,应用FDR土壤剖面水分测量仪测量10～40 cm深度土壤含水量,并分析其空间分布特征和影响因素。结果表明:(1)根据所处位置及地上植被状况可将样带分为林地样带和草甸样带,林地样带土壤含水量随深度增加呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,草甸样带则恰好相反。(2)10和40 cm深度为土壤含水量稳定层,20和30 cm深度为活跃层,且林地样带10 cm深度土壤含水量小于草甸样带,20、30和40 cm深度土壤含水量则大于草甸样带。(3)降雨发生后,阴坡上部树岛样带土壤含水量增幅最大,阳坡上、中、下部草甸样带土壤含水量增幅也较大;不同土层深度比较而言,10cm深度土壤含水量增幅最大,20、30和40 cm深度土壤含水量增幅较为接近,土壤含水量对降雨的响应存在1～2d的时滞。(4)10、20和30 cm土壤含水量变化值与坡度呈显著正相关,30、40 cm土壤含水量变化值与初始土壤含水量呈显著负相关,20、30 cm土壤含水量变化值与地形湿度指数呈显著负相关。研究区内土壤含水量空间分布格局及其动态变化受植被和降雨影响显著,初始土壤含水量、坡度以及地形湿度指数对其也有一定影响。     

中国华南地区持续干期日数时空变化特征

利用华南地区46个地面气象站1960-2012年逐日降水数据,分析该地区各季节持续干期日数的时空分布特征。结果表明：1）近53年来,华南地区春季和夏季的持续干期日数呈波动下降趋势,下降速率分别为0.042和0.108 d·（10 a）-1;秋季和冬季的持续干期日数呈波动上升趋势,上升速率分别为1.911和0.118 d·（10 a）-1。广东省春季和夏季持续干期日数呈下降趋势,下降速率分别为0.171和0.243 d·（10 a）-1;秋季和冬季持续干期日数呈增加趋势,增加速率分别为1.737和0.32 d·（10 a）-1。广西省春、夏和秋季持续干期日数呈增加趋势,增加速率分别为0.109、0.046和2.117 d·（10 a）-1;冬季为减小趋势,减少速率为0.106 d·（10 a）-1。2）华南地区持续干期日数在春季呈从北向南逐渐增多的趋势,夏季呈自西南向东北逐渐增加的趋势,秋季呈自西向东逐渐增加的趋势,冬季呈从北向南逐渐增多的趋势。冬季的持续干期日数是4个季节中最长的,大致在20~44 d。3）华南地区春季持续干期日数变化倾向率在-1.20~1.00 d·（10 a）-1之间,增加趋势最明显的区域是广西省的南部地区,减少趋势最明显的区域是广东省的沿海地区;夏季在-1.00~0.60 d·（10 a）-1之间,呈增加趋势的区域主要位于广西省的中部和南部,呈减少趋势的区域位于广东省大部分地区和广西省的东部;秋季在0~3.50 d·（10 a）-1之间,整体呈现增加趋势,变化倾向率较大的区域主要位于广西省的中部和广东省的东北部沿海地区;冬季在-1.50~2.00 d·（10 a）-1之间,呈增加趋势的区域主要集中在广东省的中南部和东部地区,以及广西的东部边缘,呈减少趋势的区域主要集中在广东省的北部以及广西的中部和西北部地区。持续干期日数增加趋势最明显的季节是秋季。4）持续干期日数与降水量表现出负相关性,与气温和无降水日数表现为正相关性。降水量和无降水日数的变化对持续干期日数的变化起着重要的作用,而温度对持续干期日数的影响比较小。     

Concentration of ascorbic acid and innate immune effectors in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Engraulis ringens</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Strangomera bentincki</Emphasis> during their main spawning period (2007–2008) in the Humboldt current system off Chile

In this study, we determined variations in ascorbic acid (AA) concentrations in the gonads and liver, and of the innate immune response (lysozyme activity and antiprotease) in the plasma of Engraulis ringens (anchoveta) and Strangomera bentincki (common sardine) during their reproductive seasons of 2007 and 2008 in the central area of the Humboldt Current. During the main spawning season in 2007, colder environmental conditions, higher phytoplankton biomasses, low dinoflagellate abundance and the dominance of large copepods in winter-early spring and of small copepods in late spring contributed to explain higher AA concentrations in anchoveta tissues. During the warmer year of 2008, lower phytoplankton biomasses, a notable increase of dinoflagellate abundance and the dominance of small-size copepods in winter and of larger copepods in spring occurred along with a drastic drop in AA concentrations in anchoveta tissues. These results contrasted with those in common sardine, a species in which AA did not vary as much as in anchoveta. An inverse trend between AA concentration in the liver and the gonadosomatic index suggested the AA utilization during gonadic maturation. Innate immune parameters were determined for the first time in small pelagic fish and constitute a new baseline data to evaluate their natural response to environmental changes. Changes in the distribution and abundance of edible taxa containing AA and edible for fish along with variations in AA in fish tissues during their reproductive season could become good indicators of the overall fish physiological condition resulting from variations in the trophic web structure.     

Season-dependent mineral accumulation in fruits of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Season-dependent mineral accumulation was recorded in fruits of Okra and Tomato. The highest concentration was in summer in Okra and in winter in Tomato. Lowest concentrations were in winter in Okra and rainy in Tomato. Both crop plants indicated that the mineral contents were in the order of P > K > Ca > Mg > Na > Fe which also signify their relative functional importance in growth and metabolism.     

Water Consumption Habit in General Population of Shanghai and Beijing, China

饮用水是人体暴露于有毒物质的重要暴露源,为了定量描述饮用水中污染物对暴露人群所造成的危害,世界各国的科学家们对饮用水的健康风险评价做了大量的研究. 通常,健康风险评价需要污染物毒理学数据和暴露人群的暴露剂量数据. 目前,针对很多的有毒污染物,国际上已经建立了应用于健康风险评价的毒理学数据库,同时积累了大量可用的有效数据. 而对于暴露人群的暴露剂量数据,则是健康风险评价所要研究的重点. 正确估计暴露人群的暴露剂量需要消费者提供大量的消费信息. 例如,暴露人群每天消费的饮用水水量. 美国环保局(EPA)认为成人每天消耗的饮用水水量为2L·d-1,此外,饮用水的消耗量会随着暴露人群的身体活动状况和所处环境状况(温度,湿度等)的改变而改变. 目前,许多研究都是关于饮用水消费信息的,总体来讲这些研究结果基本上与美国环保局所采用的饮水消耗数据相一致. 需要说明的是中国居民有完全不同于西方人的饮用水消费方式,如果在进行中国居民饮用水健康风险评价过程中应用美国环保局的假设会带来较大的不确定性. 饮用水健康风险评价工作在我国开展并不多,尤其缺少中国居民饮用水消费习惯的数据库. 这些客观条件使得在我国进行饮用水健康风险评价时只能从基础做起,积累有效的数据. 本研究以北京和上海两座城市居民为研究对象,2002年到2004年分冬夏两季分别进行了4次饮用水消费习惯调查. 研究采用随机入户方式(2004年至2005年),与中央电视台-索福瑞联合调查有限公司合作进行. 参加调查的家庭从中央电视台入户收视率调查的基础数据库中随机抽取,在抽取过程中兼顾了不同城区、年龄结构、知识结构、收入水平等因素. 研究表明,北京和上海居民冬夏两季的日均饮水量分别为2.2L·d-1、1.7L·d-1、2.0L·d-1和1.8L·d-1,这一结果和美国环保局的假设基本一致. 同时本研究考察了性别、年龄、职业和季节对应用水消费习惯的影响. 研究表明,日均饮水量随年龄的增加有增加的趋势,这一趋势在北京的夏季调查中趋势明显(p=0.01);男性的日均饮用水量大于女性,在上海冬季和夏季调查中均存在显著的差异(冬季：p=0.01;夏季：p=0.04);季节也同样影响被访者的日均饮水量,但是在4次调查中均未发现显著性差异. 在北京冬季和夏季的调查中均发现了工作地点对饮用水消费习惯的显著影响(夏季p=0.01 和冬季p=0.00). 研究同样考察了居民饮用水消费类型,调查结果表明,煮沸后的自来水是中国居民最主要的日常饮品(上海夏季：58.3%;上海冬季67.9%;北京夏季：42.7%;北京冬季：60.0%). 同时消费桶装纯净水的被访者也占有相当的比重(上海夏季：36.2%;上海冬季：24.7%;北京夏季：30.7%;北京冬季：60.0%). 研究同时表明,在中国居民的日常生活中牛奶和豆奶已经成为重要的日常饮品. 极少量的居民(北京夏季：10.7%;北京冬季5.7%;上海夏季1.2%;上海冬季0.6%)有直接饮用自来水的习惯. 研究表明滞留水(在自来水水管中滞留6h以上的自来水)是对人体健康影响最大的水,而在我们的调查中,中国居民几乎不直接饮用滞留水. 当前,饮用水健康风险评价在世界范围内蓬勃展开,但是这一技术在我国还处于起步阶段. 本研究作为饮用水健康风险评价的前期工作,为其在中国的进一步发展提供了基础性的数据.     

秸秆焚烧导致南京及周边地区2次空气污染事件的成因比较

从天气形势、卫星遥感火点监测、物理量诊断和后向轨迹模拟等方面分析了2008和2010年秸秆焚烧导致南京及周边地区空气污染事件过程的异同点。结果表明,2008年污染过程受大气底层切变线的控制,2010年污染过程受高压天气形势的控制;2008年火点仅出现在江苏地区,而2010年江苏、安徽和浙江地区均有出现;2008年大气底层气流为弱上升运动,导致高浓度的污染,2010年因受下沉气流控制而导致大范围的污染;2008年污染物来源为江苏地区,2010年则受江苏和安徽地区火点的共同影响,这些差异导致2次污染过程影响的范围和强度有所不同。     

Sexual reproduction in the corallimorpharian sea anemone Corynactis californica in a central California kelp forest

The seasonal cycle of sexual reproduction in the corallimorpharian sea anemone Corynactis californica (Calgren, 1936) was studied for 18 consecutive months (July 1987 to December 1988) at a subtidal area in the Hopkins Marine Refuge (HMLR), Pacific Grove, Monterey Bay, California. Samples were collected, histological sections were prepared, and gametocytes were examined and measured. C. californica grows by multiple or longitudianl fission to form single-sexed clones of various color and size. In female clones, oocytes appeared in late August and early September; they increased in size steadily in fall, and peaked in early December in both years. In male clones, spermatogenesis was synchronous with the female oogenic cycle, and motile sperm were observed in most testes in early December. Spawned gonads were found in both sexes from late November to early December. Spawning was induced in the laboratory in early December, and external fertilization was followed by development of free-swimming larvae. Gametogenesis and spawning are correlated with seasonal increases in seawater temperature and phytoplankton abundance, and we discuss and compare timing of sexual reproduction in this corallimorpharian to those in several actiniarian and scleractinian species.     

中国蔬菜地土壤重金属健康风险基准的研究

对我国目前土壤和蔬菜中重金属污染评价情况进行了综述,根据全国已报道蔬菜地土壤和蔬菜中重金属含量的数据和相关资料,探讨了蔬菜地土壤和蔬菜中重金属含量之间的关系以及不同的蔬菜种类和品种中重金属的积累差异,并在已有土壤和蔬菜中重金属污染的评价指标基础上,对蔬菜地土壤和蔬菜中重金属的健康风险基准值进行了讨论,尤其对我国各地区蔬菜地土壤中重金属的污染指标值进行了统一的限定,可为制订蔬菜地土壤重金属健康风险标准提供科学依据.     

Elevated CO2 stimulates net accumulations of carbon and nitrogen in land ecosystems: a meta-analysis

The capability of terrestrial ecosystems to sequester carbon (C) plays a critical role in regulating future climatic change yet depends on nitrogen (N) availability. To predict long-term ecosystem C storage, it is essential to examine whether soil N becomes progressively limiting as C and N are sequestered in long-lived plant biomass and soil organic matter. A critical parameter to indicate the long-term progressive N limitation (PNL) is net change in ecosystem N content in association with C accumulation in plant and soil pools under elevated CO2. We compiled data from 104 published papers that study C and N dynamics at ambient and elevated CO2. The compiled database contains C contents, N contents, and C:N ratio in various plant and soil pools, and root:shoot ratio. Averaged C and N pool sizes in plant and soil all significantly increase at elevated CO2 in comparison to those at ambient CO2, ranging from a 5% increase in shoot N content to a 32% increase in root C content. The C and N contents in litter pools are consistently higher in elevated than ambient CO2 among all the surveyed studies whereas C and N contents in the other pools increase in some studies and decrease in other studies. The high variability in CO2-induced changes in C and N pool sizes results from diverse responses of various C and N processes to elevated CO2. Averaged C:N ratios are higher by 3% in litter and soil pools and 11% in root and shoot pools at elevated relative to ambient CO2. Elevated CO2 slightly increases root:shoot ratio. The net N accumulation in plant and soil pools at least helps prevent complete down-regulation of, and likely supports, long-term CO2 stimulation of C sequestration. The concomitant C and N accumulations in response to rising atmospheric CO2 may reflect intrinsic nature of ecosystem development as revealed before by studies of succession over hundreds to millions of years.     

Compost and sulfur affect the mobilization and phyto-availability of Cd and Ni to sorghum and barnyard grass in a spiked fluvial soil

Soil reclamation via additives can cause contradictory effects on the mobilization of toxic elements in soils under dry and wet conditions. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the impact of compost and sulfur in two rates (1.25 and 2.5%) on fractionation, mobilization, and phyto-availability of cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) to sorghum (dry soil) and barnyard grass (wet soil) in a fluvial soil spiked with 25 mg Cd or 200 mg Ni/kg soil. Compost decreased the solubility and mobilization of Cd (especially in dry soil) and Ni (in both soils). Sulfur increased the solubility of Cd (31% in dry soil—49% in wet soil) and Ni (4.6% in wet soil—8.7% in dry soil). Sulfur altered the carbonate fraction of Cd to the soluble fraction and the residual fraction of Cd and Ni to the non-residual fraction. Compost decreased Cd and increased Ni in sorghum, but enhanced Cd and degraded Ni in grass. Sulfur increased Cd and Ni in both plants, and the increasing rate of Cd was higher in grass than in sorghum, while Ni was higher in sorghum than in grass. These results suggest that compost can be used as an immobilizing agent for Cd in the dry soil and Ni in the wet soil; however, it might be used as mobilizing agent for Cd in the wet soil and Ni in the dry soil. Sulfur (with rate 2.5%) can be used for enhancing the phyto-extraction of Cd and Ni (especially Cd) from contaminated alkaline soils.     

Water Quality and Metal Enrichment in Bed Sediments of the Rivers Kali and Hindon, India

Water-quality parameters and concentrations of various metals in bed sediments of the River Kali and the River Hindon in India were analysed to understand their behaviour in subtropical fluvial systems. Variations in the physico-chemical parameters of the river water and metal content in the bed sediments were recorded in four seasons of the year (post-monsoon, winter, summer and monsoon). Results show that water and sediments contain high cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn). Total and soluble Cd and Zn profiles show that in summer, metals in the water phase exist predominantly in the bound form. Cd and Zn in bed sediments increase from the post-monsoon to the summer season. During and after the monsoon season, metal concentrations in sediments fall rapidly. Correlation coefficients of metals in sediments represent their common source and identical behaviour during transport.     

Ovarian development in Labeo dyocheilus (McClelland) during active reproductive phase under captive and wild conditions

Ovarian development in Labeo dyocheilus was assessed during active reproductive phase under ambient environmental conditions in captivity and wild. Increasing day length and water temperature seemed favourable for ovarian development in female L. dyocheilus under both conditions. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) was lower in May and higher in July in captivity (6.168 and 13.366) and wild (5.798 and 16.166) respectively Ovarian development started little bit in advance in captivity with late yolk vesicle stage oocyte in May when yolk globule stage oocytes were prominent in wild. Fully grown oocytes with germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) stages were observed in July in both conditions. Degree of transformation of developing oogonials into advance stage oocytes was observed to be better in wild fish compared to captivity reared ones. The histophysiological changes in liver corresponded well to the progression of ovarian development. Successive granulation and vacuolization of hepatocyte cytoplasm were indicative of augmented synthetic activity and probably mobilization of energy content for oocyte growth. These observations indicated that normal ovarian development of L. dyocheilus under captivity in Tarai region of Uttarakhand would be useful for success of its seed production in captivity for stock augmentation in wild or species diversification in aquaculture.     

北方人工湿地系统对内分泌干扰物质的去除效果

通过现场取样,固相萃取柱富集以及气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MSD)测定,研究了北京市官厅水库上游的一个人工湿地系统在秋季(植物茂盛)和冬季(植物枯萎)对典型环境内分泌干扰物和人工合成激素的处理效果.结果表明,人工湿地系统的原水和各工艺段出水中酚类和雌激素类物质的浓度高于美国地表水监测数据和我国地表水监测数据.湿地系统对部分壬基酚有较好的处理效果,而在冬季效果不明显;无论秋季或冬季对雌激素类则无明显去除效果.     

除草剂莠去津对长期定位施肥土壤中酶活性的影响

研究了除草剂莠去津对4种长期定位施肥处理土壤中脲酶、磷酸酶、脱氢酶、蔗糖酶活性的影响．不同肥力处理的不施肥对照土壤、NPK肥土壤、NPK+秸秆和NPK+有机肥土壤中,4种酶受莠去津影响有明显差别．在莠去津处理初期,土壤中的脲酶活性受到不同程度地刺激作用,中期和后期土壤中的脲酶活性均受到抑制．其中NPK+有机肥土壤中的脲酶活性受到的抑制程度随着处理时间的延长而增加．在整个处理过程中NPK+秸秆土壤中的磷酸酶活性几乎不受莠去津抑制．其它3种土壤中的磷酸酶活性都不同程度地受到抑制,而且对照土壤受到的抑制程度最深．NPK土壤中的脱氢酶活性在处理初期受到刺激作用,中期和后期都受到抑制．其它3种土壤在处理初期和中期都受到抑制作用,但是后期抑制作用消失．NPK土壤和NPK+有机肥土壤中的蔗糖酶活性始终受到不同程度的激活,而且在处理后期激活作用加强．对照土壤中蔗糖酶受莠去津的影响较小,NPK+秸秆土壤中的蔗糖酶活性始终受到抑制作用．土壤中添加莠去津为5mg·kg-1时,处理16d的4种酶平均酶活性与不添加莠去津的土壤中平均酶活性没有显著差异．     

Toxicological effects of mouse diet contaminated with tributyltin on the immune and neurological systems of C57BL/6 mice

Organotin compounds, widely used as antifouling agents, are known to bioaccumulate in the food chain. Among organotin compounds, tributyltin (TBT), a toxic and widespread contaminant, has become a serious factor in environmental pollution and is suspected of being immunotoxic in animals. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of 80 µg of TBT per kilogram of body weight (kg bw), provided in food, on the immune and neurological systems of C57Bl/6 mice. Data showed that TBT increased the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes in both adult and juvenile female and juvenile male mice, but that it decreased the proliferation of both T and B lymphocytes in adult male mice. The macrophages activity in female and male juvenile mice was higher than in adults of both sexes. The natural killer cytotoxic activity was also increased in juvenile and adult males and females compared to the control groups. In the brain, we observed the presence of TBT in the hippocampus, the striatum, the cortex, and the cerebellum in both the male and female groups. The highest levels were observed in the cortex of females and males, while the lowest levels were found in the cerebellum. TBT also induced an increase in the levels of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in the striatum, the hippocampus and in cortical structures but not in the cerebellum where the levels of TBT are lower. Our findings indicate that TBT modulated the immune and nervous systems causing endocrine and nervous perturbations.     

Environmental geochemistry studies in the area of Idrija mercury mine,Slovenia

Five centuries of mining and processing of mercury ore in the Idrija area have resulted in widespread contamination of different environmental compartments. Environmental impacts on a regional and local scale, caused by atmospheric emissions from the Idrija ore roasting plant, were established in the investigations of mercury spatial distribution in soil and attic dust in 160 km² area. Very high values were determined in the Idrijca River valley, and they decrease exponentially with the distance from Idrija. Mercury concentrations in attic dust are higher than in surrounding soils and the attic dust/soil ratio changes with distance. Measurements of mercury in the air confirmed widespread dispersion of mercury and showed highly elevated mercury concentrations around roasting plant and mine ventilation shaft. Beside, systematic monitoring of mercury contents in the stream sediments has demonstrated that huge amounts of mercury are stored in areas where ancient overbank sediments were deposited, and there was no decrease in mercury concentration in active sediments during the last 15 years. Recently, interesting and extremely polluted locations of historical small-scale roasting sites in the Idrija surroundings were discovered. Ongoing geochemical study aims to determine the extreme pollution and significance of these sites for wider contamination of soils and aquatic systems. Presented studies have shown that Hg mining in Idrija caused intense pollution of local and regional environment including the aquatic systems in the Gulf of Trieste, which is seen as the final sink of a major part of the Hg stored in soils and river sediments in the Idrija area.

     

污水灌溉区土壤肥力及酶活性特征研究

通过野外调查和采样分析,研究了石家庄栾城县不同污水灌溉时间（0-52a）和不同层位（0-100cm）耕地土壤肥力及酶活性的分布特征。研究结果表明：与清灌对照点相比,污水灌溉区表层（0-20cm）土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、全磷含量、蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性和磷酸酶活性、亚表层（20-40cm）蔗糖酶活性、磷酸酶活性和下层（40-60cm）蔗糖酶活性均相对较高,而下层有机质含量、全氮含量和底层（60-100cm）全氮含量均相对较低。4层土壤阳离子交换量和过氧化氢酶活性较对照点均无明显的变化规律。表层土壤全氮含量、蔗糖酶活性和磷酸酶活性、亚表层有机质含量、蔗糖酶活性和磷酸酶活性、下层蔗糖酶活性与污灌时间之间均存在显著相关性沪〈0．05）。上述特征反映了土壤肥力及酶活性对污灌的响应具有明显的层位效应和非同步性,而这些响应是由于污水中的营养物质输入土壤后引发微生物活性提高的“激发效应”所致。     

天津市夏季PM2.5中碳组分时空变化特征及来源解析

为研究天津市夏季PM_2.5中碳组分的时空变化特征及来源,于2019年7—8月设立2个点位分昼夜采集天津市PM_2.5样品,并测定了其中有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)的含量。结果表明,城区PM_2.5、OC和EC浓度日均值分别为(53.4±20.8)μg·m^-3、(8.72±2.56)μg·m^-3和(1.67±0.90)μg·m^-3,郊区PM_2.5、OC和EC浓度日均值分别为(54.2±24.5)μg·m^-3、(7.54±2.50)μg·m^-3和(1.82±1.06)μg·m^-3;白天PM_2.5、OC、EC的平均浓度分别为(47.3±16.1)μg·m^-3、(8.7±2.1)μg·m^-3和(1.5±0.6)μg·m^-3,夜间PM_2.5、OC、EC的平均浓度分别为(60.2±26.2)μg·m^-3、(7.5±2.9)μg·m^-3和(2.0±1.2)μg·m^-3。OC浓度表现为城区高于郊区,白天高于夜间;EC及PM_2.5浓度表现为郊区高于城区,夜间高于白天。OC/EC比值分析得,城区(6.04)高于郊区(5.08);白天(6.58)高于夜间(4.54)。城区OC与EC相关性弱于郊区,白天OC与EC相关性弱于夜间。采用EC示踪法与MRS模型对SOC含量进行估算,得到白天与夜间SOC浓度分别为(5.71±1.35)μg·m^-3和(3.81±1.20)μg·m^-3,白天SOC污染比夜间严重。丰度分析与主成分分析的结果表明,天津市夏季城郊区PM_2.5中碳组分均主要来源于燃煤和机动车尾气排放。