Earthquake hazard and vulnerability in the northeastern Mediterranean: the Corinth earthquake sequence of February-March 1981

Population density, building type and earthquake magnitude are the main factors on which the total building damage following an earthquake depend. For the Greece - Turkey region quantitative relations between these factors have been developed, which, in spite of the inaccuracies in the available data, allow crude estimates of the damage following a particular size earthquake to be made. This is demonstrated retrospectively for the Gulf of Corinth earthquakes in 1981.     

施甸5.9级地震房屋震害分析

介绍了施甸５．９ 级地震房匡震害，分析了各类房屋在不同烈度区的综合震害指数，对典型房屋进行了震害预测计算并与实际震害作了对比，分析了震害原因，总结了这次地震防御和减轻震害的经验与教训，对地震灾区恢复重建提出了建议     

液化地区房屋震害预测

本文研究与液化区房屋震害预测有关的四个问题.对液化区房屋震害资料和经验进行了分析.给出了测定土壤震陷特性的标准试验方法,获得了各种土壤的震陷参数.提出了估计房屋震陷的简化分析方法.在这些工作的基础上,建立了一个预测液化区房屋震害的方法.     

Damage to Urban Infrastructure and Other Public Property from the 1989 Loma Prieta (California) Earthquake

This research project investigated the damage to public property caused by the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The claims filed by state and local governments, special districts and non-profit organizations under the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) disaster assistance program were analyzed to understand better the pattern of damage caused by the earthquake. These claims accounted for nearly $600 million. The damage distribution was very skewed with eleven agencies claiming more than 70 per cent of this total. Non-profit agencies accounted for a surprisingly large portion of overall damage. Heavy damage was concentrated in relatively few areas. The extent of damage in an area was a function of concentration of property, site conditions, characteristics of building stock, and distance from the epicenter.     

遥感震害快速定量评估方法及其在玉树地震中的应用

在伽师地震、汶川地震遥感定量化灾害评估基础上,提出了基于少量现场调查样本进行遥感解译震害与地面实际震害定量评估的方法,以玉树地震为例,建立了遥感解译震害与现场调查结果的定量关系,并进一步得到了玉树县城结古镇街区的等效震害指数和结古镇综合震害指数,结果显示遥感震害快速定量评估结果与实际调查结果一致.该模型可应用于建筑物结构类型分布与玉树县结古镇相似的城镇遥感震害评估工作中.     

深软土场地上高层住宅的地震安全性问题

现代城市建设中高层住宅建在深软土场地上是难以完全避免的。因深软土场地上的高层住宅易遭震害,地震安全性问题应予充分重视。建议将高层住宅建设工程列入需作“工程场地地震安全性评价”之列,高层住宅的防震减灾宜从城市建设规划着手,针对高层住宅易遭震害的动力学特性等采取相应对策。     

地震中造成建筑物毁损的耦合效应

通过对北川地震灾区损毁建筑物的实地调查,指出震区建筑物毁损是由地质背景条件、建设场区地基土特性及建筑施工技术等多种因素的耦合效应造成的.地震诱发滑坡、崩塌、砂七液化等次生地质灾害造成建筑物场区失稳、失效,是震区建筑物毁损的重要原因.震区房屋毁损的特点是砖混结构和复杂建筑破坏严重,框架结构房屋和建筑幕墙等其他建筑破坏各有特点.在综合分析使建筑物毁损的耦合效应的基础上,提出了提高震区设防烈度、科学选址及吸收国内外先进抗震经验的思路,为灾后重建工作积累科学资料.     

基于MS模型的剪力墙-核心筒结构的高层建筑三维非线性动力破坏分析

采用非线性多弹簧弹塑性有限元模型,对我国一座最高的民用超高层钢筋混凝土剪力墙—核心筒结构进行了非线性地震响应破坏分析。通过分级加载分析了不同地震烈度下超高层建筑从弹性、塑性直至失效的结构内力和变形的整个过程,并采用静力Push O ver方法和1/50比尺的振动台模型试验进行了破坏分析。结果表明超高层建筑的最薄弱位置在1/2到2/3之间高度处。非线性数值分析的结果和振动台模型破坏试验现象符合一致。     

Damage to structures due to liquefaction in the Japan Sea earthquake of 1983

A strong earthquake of magnitude of 7.7 hit the northeast part of Japan on 26th May 1983. Because 100 persons were killed by tsunami, the disaster created a sensation throughout Japan, but there was also a large amount of damage to structures due to the earthquake. Highways, railways, bridges, harbours, levees and private houses were damaged severely in Aomori and Akita prefectures. A great portion of the damage was caused by liquefaction of sand.
This is a prompt report of earthquake damage to structures due to liquefaction. The paper describes general aspects of the damage to structures, with some typical examples are mentioned in more detail. Preliminary results of investigation after the earthquake are also presented to describe the liquefaction phenomena in the earthquake.     

城市建筑物快速震害预测系统

以往的震害预测方法往往需要调查建筑物的详细力学特性参数，这对个别社区的范围是可行的，但对整个城市的震害预测，则需要耗费巨大的财力、物力，因此需要研究适用于城市群体建筑物的快速震害预测方法。文中提出的城市建筑物快速震害预测系统，是根据模糊数学中的加权距离来判别建筑物的相似性，而采用类比预测的方法来预测城市未知建筑物的震害结果。该方法能够在较少的投资和时间下，迅速给出城市的震害预测结果。最后将该系统应用于泉州市的建筑物震害预测，结果表明该系统具有良好的可操作性和结果可靠性。     

高层建筑结构在地震和风作用下的可靠度分析

作者基于等效风谱理论，给出了高层建筑结构在风荷载作用下可靠度分析的方法。在给定层间位移允许值时，对高层建筑结构在使用期限内在地震和风作用下的可靠度进行了比较研究。本文还探讨了高层建筑结构在地震和风联合作用下的可靠度问题。     

Towards an earthquake-resilient world: from post-disaster reconstruction to pre-disaster prevention

ABSTRACT

Destructive earthquakes in urban or rural areas around the world have caused severe damage to local societies. Pre-disaster prevention and post-disaster reconstruction can significantly reduce the impact of earthquakes on communities. To explore the popular research topics and trends in this area, CiteSpace was used to develop a knowledge map visualization. It was found that the main research into earthquake disaster prevention and reconstruction has been focused on disaster risk reduction planning, disaster mitigation knowledge, participatory disaster governance, and community resilience building. In this Special Issue, there were six distinctive earthquake disaster research papers that covered scientific, social, and institutional aspects. It was concluded that to reduce the effects of earthquake disasters, an interdisciplinary research approach and systems thinking is needed. The investigation also revealed that there has been a paradigm shift from post-disaster reconstruction to pre-disaster prevention to build community and urban resilience.     

基于GIS的城镇建筑物易损性分析与应用研究

利用城镇地籍数据信息,基于GIS软件进行建筑物易损性和居民安全风险分析与应用研究。通过对某县城中最具代表性的一个街坊建筑物的易损性分析和居民安全风险分析实例应用研究,重点讨论并实现了利用现有数字化地籍图、城镇地籍数据库及土地调查记录等信息;并结合建筑物震害损失评估模型和人员伤亡预测方法,完成不同结构类型的建筑物在不同地震烈度条件下的破坏造成的经济损失评估和人员伤亡程度的预测,对城市防灾减灾进行辅助决策支持与评估。     

罗江县水库土坝汶川大地震震害调查与分析

5· 12汶川8.0级大地震对德阳市罗江县的水库造成了不同程度的破坏,经济损失严重,若水库出现溃坝现象,将会带来更大的损失.对罗江县19座高危以上险情水库的土坝震害进行了调查研究,发现典型的震害现象包括裂缝、渗漏、防浪墙损坏以及泄水建筑物和附属设施的损毁等.根据水库土坝的震前病害调查资料可以看出:水库土坝在地震前多是带...     

The Manchester earthquake of 14th September 1111: A re-appraisal of contemporary reports

In September 1777 a strong shock of earthquake was widely experienced in the Manchester area. Thanks largely to the density of population in this area and to the fact that the shock occurred on a Sunday morning when many people were in church, the earthquake attracted considerable attention; despite its modest size, it is one of the best documented earthquakes recorded before the 19th century. Analysis of contemporary literature of the event reveals something of the outlook of the society affected and suggests how circumstances of time and place influence the level of information available about early earthquakes. The earthquake caused minor damage but no loss of life. It is nevertheless shown to be a larger event than previously identified.     

地铁车站结构地震反应分析的子结构法

对 1 995年日本阪神地震中地铁车站的破坏现象进行了研究 ,分析了地铁车站的地震破坏机理 ;采用二维子结构分析方法和软件SASSI2 0 0 0 ,分别对水平向和竖向地震动作用下神户大开地铁车站结构的地震反应进行了数值模拟分析。首先采用SHAKE91程序计算自由场土体的动剪切模量和阻尼比 ,在SASSI2 0 0 0中不再考虑土体的非线性 ,在建模时把地铁车站上方的土体作为车站的附属结构。把本文的计算结果与 1 995年阪神地震中该车站的震害进行了详细的对比分析 ,发现本文所得的大开地铁车站地震反应规律与其震害完全吻合 ,本文的计算结果能够合理的解释神户大开地铁车站的各种震害现象。因此 ,本文对地下车站的抗震设计具有一定的参考价值和指导意义     

地震灾区分级和灾害程度排序方法研究——以汶川8.0级地震为例

根据汶川8.0级地震震害评估工作的具体实践,探讨了地震灾区分级和灾害程度排序的方法。通过房屋震害系数、强震加速度观测记录、发震构造、地震地质灾害和场地条件、人口分布及伤亡情况等影响因素来确定受灾程度,以烈度区、统计学方法、速报灾情等来确定灾区分级。     

岩石场地重力式挡土墙地震土压力振动台实验研究

结合汶川震区调查资料,利用大型振动台模型试验,分析了碎石土填料的岩石场地重力式挡土墙的地震土压力及其分布规律,并以此对我国现行铁路、公路抗震规范做合理性讨论和细化.研究发现,地震作用下,挡土墙的动土压力沿墙高呈单峰曲线状分布,且60%～80%集中作用于挡墙中部;随着地震峰值加速度的增加,地震土压力分布逐渐偏离现行振震设...     

超高层筒体结构模型振动台地震破坏试验研究

就超高层筒体结构在地震作用下的动力特性与破坏反应,对一个1∶50比例的超高层建筑模型进行了微震、强震直至破坏的振动台试验研究。试验通过满足弹性—重力相似条件得到原型结构在地震作用下的动力特性与破坏现象。结果表明,结构的横向二阶以上及竖向一阶振动对结构的抗震安全性起控制作用,结构中上部是抗震薄弱部位,试验破坏现象与实际震害吻合。     

用Corioli力讨论台湾南投7．6级大震的余震强度

台湾南投大震是震源地方一个逆掩断层错动引起的,上盘向西错动,这种断层错动的形式其Corioli力效应是使两断层盘相互挤压,因之主震发生时能量释放不彻底,余震强度较大,本文试图用Ｃorioli力效应具体讨论台湾南投大震的余震强度。