上海海洋科技创新的SWOT分析

目前,围绕上海国际航运中心的建设,上海已初步形成了以洋山深水港为核心、临港新城和崇明三岛为依托、江浙沿江沿海地区为两翼的长三角滨江临海产业带。但现阶段上海海洋科技创新的水平、规模和发展状况与上海建设海洋经济强市的战略要求还很不适应,对长三角区域海洋科技创新的服务能力和引领带动作用也有待提高。从上海海洋科技创新服务长三角的优势、劣势、机遇及挑战四方面进行SWOT分析,认为上海在海洋科技创新方面有一定的区位、经济优势,但为了更好的引领长三角海洋科技创新发展,上海应加强海洋科技创新投入,把握国际国内发展海洋经济的机遇,使自身在海洋科技创新方面处于国内、国际的领先地位     

中国海洋捕捞渔业温室气体排放时序分析与因素分解

综合渔获量规模、作业方式结构、作业方式能耗强度和燃油排放系数等因素对温室气体排放的影响,在对2006～2011年海洋捕捞渔业温室气体排放核算和时序分析基础上,利用LMDI方法对温室气体排放进行了因素分解。结果表明：海洋捕捞渔业温室气体排放量呈现出稳定的增长趋势,平均每年温室气体排放量增长2666万t;拖网、刺网两种作业方式产生的温室气体占相应年份海洋捕捞渔业温室气体排放量的比重最大,约占80%,且温室效应最强。渔获量规模效应是驱动我国海洋捕捞渔业温室气体排放的最主要因素。建议通过采取“捕捞配额”或实施较长期的禁渔休渔制度来降低渔获量总量,不仅有利于保护海洋渔业资源,还能减少温室气体排放,也可以通过建立海洋捕捞生态补偿制度的方式来调整作业方式结构向低温室气体排放转变     

我国海洋环保产业的现状及发展对策

随着沿海经济和海洋开发活动的快速发展 ,海洋环保问题日益突出 ,海洋环保产业有望成为新的经济增长点。本文论述了发展海洋环保产业的必要性 ,界定了海洋环保技术及其产业的内涵 ,概述了我国海洋环保技术和产业的发展现状 ,并提出了发展我国海洋环保产业的建议     

我国生态工业园发展的SWOT分析

当前，世界上大部分园区经济进入了生态工业园的发展时期。我国生态工业园的建设也方兴未艾，但都还不是真正意义上的生态工业园。首先介绍了国内外生态工业园的发展现状，进而阐述了真正意义上的生态工业园的概念和特点。在此基础上，运用SWOT分析方法论述了我国生态工业园建设和发展中存在的经济、环境、社会效益优势和潜在不经济、失利的连锁反应等劣势，入世后我国社会经济转向可持续发展的机遇，以及面临的制度、技术、组织等方面挑战的问题。最后提出在学习其他国家和地区的最新经验并吸取其教训基础上，生态工业园的规划与建设宜采用PDCA循环模式，按照“互动循环”和“协调发展”的实施原则，全面发挥政府、市场、企业、社会团体和个人的综合作用。     

上海市休闲农业布局及影响因素分析

休闲农业是上海市都市现代农业规划的重要部分。采用上海市农业委员会公布的122个休闲农业景点及土地利用数据,综合运用GIS及计量地理方法,包括:最邻近指数、地理集中指数;土地利用多样化指数、洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数;灰色关联分析和OLS分析等,对上海市休闲农业布局及影响因素进行探究。结果表明:(1)上海市休闲农业景点最邻近指数为0.673 8,分布模式为凝聚型,景点分布地理集中指数为42.31,集中程度较高;(2)上海市休闲农业土地利用多样化指数分布在0.2~0.7之间,区县间休闲农业用地多样化程度差异较大,休闲农业土地利用基尼系数为0.558 2,休闲农业用地在区县间分布不均衡;(3)农业资源、交通条件对休闲农业布局有显著的积极影响,旅游业发展对休闲农业布局有显著的消极影响。     

通江湖泊的渔业意义及其资源管理对策

长江中、下游的江湖复合生态系统包含有河流和湖泊两个环境单元。其中的鱼类群落由河海洄游鱼类、江湖洄游鱼类、河流鱼类和定居性鱼类等４个生态类群组成,尤以江湖洄游鱼类对这一特殊的生态环境形成了良好的适应,因而种群数量繁盛,从渔业的角度看,水利工程造成的江湖阻隔削弱了通江湖泊的生态功能,成为导致鱼类资源下降和种类结构改变的主要原因之一。当前应从控制捕捞、人工增殖和恢复生态环境结构等方面着手进行资源管理,确     

中国战略性海洋新兴产业的发展对策探讨

海洋经济已跨入以高新技术引领的新时代,以海洋高新技术为首要特征的战略性海洋新兴产业成为各国争相抢占的科技制高点.本文在界定战略性海洋新兴产业内涵的基础上,分析我国战略性海洋新兴产业发展的现状,找出其在公众认识、政策体系、自主创新能力、资金投入以及人才储备等方面存在的主要问题,进而提出通过提高公众对战略性海洋新兴产业发展重要性的认识,营造促进其发展的良好氛围;建立和完善战略性海洋新兴产业发展的政策体系和协调机制,形成支持战略性海洋新兴产业发展的长效机制;提高海洋科技的自主创新能力,加速科技成果的转化,打造一批具有国际竞争力的战略性海洋新兴产业开发区;加大对战略性海洋新兴产业的资金投入,建立多渠道的有效的投融资体制以及着力培养和引进具备较强适应能力、创新能力和竞争力的高层次人才,使其成为发展战略性海洋新兴产业的生力军等措施促进我国战略性海洋新兴产业的发展,借以推动我国海洋经济实现跨越式发展.     

海洋碳汇渔业绿色发展空间外溢效应评价研究

海洋碳汇渔业绿色发展空间关联性及其外溢效应对于海水养殖业的有效协调和区域海洋环境的有效保护具有重要意义,科学估算沿海各省(自治区)海水养殖渔业碳汇量并探讨其空间相关性特征是制定差异化渔业碳汇发展政策的重要基础。根据2006—2016年中国大陆沿海9个省(自治区)的碳汇渔业资源清查数据,在检验和比较省域空间渔业碳汇总量相关性特征的基础上,运用空间计量模型分析了渔业碳汇的外溢效应及其影响因素。结果表明:①中国海水养殖渔业碳汇量整体上呈现上升趋势,但各省渔业碳汇量也存在明显差异。②研究期内的Moran's I指数整体呈现为"V"型的波动变化特征,渔业碳汇在省域空间分布上的差异性并不是随机的,而是具备显著的空间相关性。③海水养殖渔业碳汇存在明显的空间外溢效应,通过随机效应的杜宾模型分解后得出渔业产值、劳动力投入的直接效应为正,而渔业受灾面积和科研项目经费投入的直接效应为负;从间接效应来看,渔业产值在各省域间存在竞争与依存关系,海水养殖业劳动力投入和渔业技术推广的项目经费投入在各省域间存在互补关系。因此,中国沿海各省份在发挥海洋水产养殖业生态功能时,应当考虑省域区位因素,合理制定兼具差异化和协调性的海洋碳汇渔业发展政策。     

海洋灾害与滨海城市护岸的防灾对策

一、与滨海城市护岸有关的灾害类型海洋灾害是为数众多的灾害中危害较大的一类灾害,可分为自然的、人为的以及人为与自然相互作用所形成的灾害。滨海城市护岸经常遇到的自然灾害主要有强浪、风暴潮、海水、暴雨、台风、海水倒灌、海岸侵蚀、地震等。人为灾害主要是人类活动,特别是发展工农业生产的建设过程中发生的各种公害。二、滨海城市护岸的防灾对策一般说来城市海滨的护岸工程对城市沿海地带的安全至关重要。由于护岸本身受到地形、水文、气象等自然因素的制约,同时又受材料、施工条件等人为因素的影响,因此,防灾对策也要从自然因素和人为因素两个方面     

Studies on Classification of Recreational Fishery Resources and Evaluation on its Development

Recreational fishery is the combination of traditional fishery and modern leisure activities. Development of recreational fishery resources must be based on related resources, but the present research on recreational fishery is mainly confined to the development of leisure projects, the definition of connotation and scope of recreational fishery resources is rather vague, and there is no precise classification and evaluation system. According to the resources attributes, resources functions, and tourism resources classification, investigation and evaluation standard, recreational fishery resources include a number of different types. Expert Scoring Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process can be used to determine the evaluation factors of recreational fishery resources and their weights, and then make comprehensive evaluation on recreational fishery resources of different regions and types, so as to improve the scientific nature of recreational fishery development.     

山东可持续发展试验带的经济学分析

在介绍国家和山东省可持续发展实验区建设的基本情况的基础上．论述了山东省构建可持续发展试验带的必要性。利用区位论的基本原理，结合可持续发展实验区建设经验，综合考虑城市间的距离、经济聚集规模及对资源依赖程度等因素，分析了山东省17个市的相互作用潜力．计算出淄博、济南、烟台、青岛、潍坊、威海、泰安、东营、济宁、滨州、临沂等11个城市具有划入山东省可持续发展试验带的潜力．为规划山东的区域可持续发展提供了理论基础。     

Economic Periodicity Analysis of Shandong Province

The paper analyses the periodical characteristics of the economic development of Shandong Province by using the minimum variation analysis model. The analysis shows that the economic development process of Shandong Province has short, medium and long cycles respectively for 6, 12, 19 years, and the fluctuation of the economic development becomes gentler with time passing by. The fluctuation of macro-control policy, investment and consumption are the main reasons of the economic fluctuation.     

山东县域社会经济协调发展格局及对策研究

县域作为一个相对独立的区域,在制定发展战略、寻求经济增长途径时,必须处理好经济发展与社会进步的关系.本文运用发展函数模型,根据区域协调发展的内涵,构建评价县域社会和经济协调发展的指标体系.对山东省91个县市(不包括地级市市区)的数据运用综合指数和协调发展函数等方法进行定量分析,得到县域社会和经济综合指数、协调度、发展度和协调发展度.研究表明:山东省91个县域的社会、经济综合指数存在由东部沿海向西部内陆递减、由鲁中向南北递减的特征,大多数县市经济发展明显滞后于社会发展;91个县市总体的协调水平较高,表现在绝对数值相差不大,所属类别相对集中,但大多县市是一种低水平的协调;根据协调发展度的大小,将山东省91个县域划分为3大类8亚类,3大类为协调发展类、亚协调发展类和失败衰退类.最后基于91个县市所属的协调发展类型提出不同类型县域社会和经济协调发展的相应对策.     

SWOT Analysis and Challenges of Nile Basin Initiative: An Integrated Water Resource Management Perspective

Abstract

River Nile is one of the longest transboundery rivers and it is shared and used by Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. As of today, the Nile is a crucial resource for the economic development of the Nile Basin countries and a vital source of livelihood for 160 million inhabitants as well as 300 million people living in the 10 riparian countries. The Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) is one of the international cooperative river basin management program and regional partnership where all the Nile Basin countries except Eritrea unite to pursue long-term sustainable development, improved land use practices and management. This review therefore focused on the challenges not faced on NBI in terms of integrated use of the river and conducted analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) based on secondary data. The result of the review revealed that for decades, the Nile Basin people have been facing many complex environmental, social, economic and political challenges that have made it difficult for the proper management and sustainability of Nile water. The initiative provides training to develop skills in government ministries, non-governmental organizations and local communities in each country. It is also working to raise awareness of critical environmental issues by strengthening networks of environmental education practitioners; developing curriculum in the education sector. The challenges of NBI include the involvement and funding of World Bank, lack of sufficient staff, procedural and policies conflicts, lack of coordination and linkage with other regional institutions and lack of recognition as river basin organization. Considering the complex nature of the project, it is recommended that the NBI should come up with a strong multi-disciplinary monitoring and evaluation team to follow up all implemented projects. The NBI should carry out participatory land use planning in communities along the river basin. Moreover, livelihood analysis should be carried out especially in communities along the Nile to come up with poverty eradication projects which are socially acceptable, applicable, economically viable and affordable.     

SWOT Analysis and Challenges of Nile Basin Initiative：An Integrated Water Resource Management Perspective

River Nile is one of the longest transboundery rivers and it is shared and used by Burundi,Democratic Republic of Congo,Egypt,Ethiopia,Eritrea,Kenya,Rwanda,Sudan,Tanzania and Uganda.As of today,the Nile is a crucial resource for the economic development of the Nile Basin countries and a vital source of livelihood for 160 million inhabitants as well as 300 million people living in the 10 riparian countries.The Nile Basin Initiative(NBI) is one of the international cooperative river basin management program and regional partnership where all the Nile Basin countries except Eritrea unite to pursue long-term sustainable development,improved land use practices and management.This review therefore focused on the challenges not faced on NBI in terms of integrated use of the river and conducted analysis of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats(SWOT) based on secondary data.The result of the review revealed that for decades,the Nile Basin people have been facing many complex environmental,social,economic and political challenges that have made it difficult for the proper management and sustainability of Nile water.The initiative provides training to develop skills in government ministries,non-governmental organizations and local communities in each country.It is also working to raise awareness of critical environmental issues by strengthening networks of environmental education practitioners;developing curriculum in the education sector.The challenges of NBI include the involvement and funding of World Bank,lack of sufficient staff,procedural and policies conflicts,lack of coordination and linkage with other regional institutions and lack of recognition as river basin organization.Considering the complex nature of the project,it is recommended that the NBI should come up with a strong multi-disciplinary monitoring and evaluation team to follow up all implemented projects.The NBI should carry out participatory land use planning in communities along the river basin.Moreover,livelihood analysis should be carried out especially in communities along the Nile to come up with poverty eradication projects which are socially acceptable,applicable,economically viable and affordable.     

Countermeasures for Implementing Sustainable Development Strategy in Shandong,China

This paper set forth the goals of implementing sustainable development strategy in Shandong Province guided by the view of scientific development of being people oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable. Based on the target of sustainable development strategy in Shandong province this paper discusses the main tasks in the sustainable development strategy Countermeasures for sustainable development strategy in Shandong province are put forward.     

Countermeasures for Implementing Sustainable Development Strategy in Shandong,China

Abstract

This paper set forth the goals of implementing sustainable development strategy in Shandong Province guided by the view of scientific development of being people oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable. Based on the target of sustainable development strategy in Shandong province this paper discusses the main tasks in the sustainable development strategy Countermeasures for sustainable development strategy in Shandong province are put forward.     

Assessing Tourists' Preferences for Recreational and Environmental Management Programs Central to the Sustainable Development of a Tourism Area in the Dominican Republic

The main goals of this paper are to (1) highlight the need for sustainable development as a means to conserve natural resources and the environment, which often represent the basis for tourism development, (2) illustrate the importance of assessing tourists' preferences when designing programs and policies central to the sustainable development of a tourism area, and (3) study tourists' interests in sustainable development. With these goals in mind, 180 tourists from Europe, Latin America, and North America were interviewed as they were leaving the resort region of Punta Cana in the Dominican Republic. The main factors that they considered when deciding where to go on a beach vacation were evaluated, as well as their preferences regarding four programs designed to improve recreational and environmental management of the area. Preferences by tourists were elicited both in monetary and non-monetary terms. This paper reports the non-monetary analysis of the data. The results indicate that clean ocean water and beaches, quality of services, and price are the most important factors considered by the respondents before deciding to come to Punta Cana. It was not possible to obtain reliable responses on how tourists perceived the four programs contributing to the sustainable development of Punta Cana. Nevertheless, they expressed high interest and willingness to pay for two of these programs: the outdoor aquarium and the Water Management Program. The results reported in this paper show how important it is to elicit tourists' preferences of programs central to the sustainable development of tourism areas since these preferences can drive managers' development decisions in more sustainable directions.     

Countermeasures of Implementing Sustainable Development Strategy in Shandong, China

This paper set forth the goals of implementing sustainable development strategy in Shandong Province guided by the view of scientific development of being people oriented, comprehensive,coordinated and sustainable. Based on the target of sustainable development strategy in Shandong province this paper discusses the main tasks in the sustainable development strategy Countermeasures for sustainable development strategy in Shandong province are put forward.