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砷超富集植物蜈蚣草中磷和钙的亚细胞分布及其与耐砷毒的关系 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
为了在研究砷超富集植物蜈蚣草中磷和钙的亚细胞分布,并探讨其与蜈蚣草耐砷毒的关系进行了试验研究.结果表明,蜈蚣草吸收的磷主要分布在胞质组分中(平均占各部位总磷含量的44%以上),吸收的钙主要分布在细胞壁组分中(平均占各部位总钙含量的48%以上).与低钙(0.03和2.5 mmol·L-1)处理相比,高钙(5.0 mmol·L-1)处理时,根部的胞质组分和叶柄的细胞器组分中磷含量较高.各器官的亚细胞组分中钙含量随着介质中添加钙浓度的提高而增加.介质钙浓度过高会抑制蜈蚣草的生长.在加砷处理下,根部和叶柄细胞壁组分的磷含量有所减少,但地上部细胞器组分的磷含量及其含磷总量占植株含磷总量的相对比例、根部细胞壁组分的钙含量增加.蜈蚣草自主调节磷和钙的亚细胞水平分布可能是其耐砷毒的机制之一. 相似文献
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加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取及铜粉净化技术在土壤有机氯农药分析中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对比了索氏提取、超声提取和加速溶剂萃取样品前处理方法在土壤中有机氯农药的萃取效果,首次采用两级温度相结合的加速溶剂萃取方式,兼顾不同挥发性萃取物的萃取效果,建立了土壤中有机氯农药的加速溶剂萃取样品前处理方法.萃取液经无水硫酸钠脱水、Florisil柱脱色和铜粉除硫后,进色谱分析,目标组分能有效避免杂质干扰,实现基线分离.实验结果表明,在优化条件下,8种有机氯农药检出限在0.05~0.20μg·kg-1之间,空白加标回收率为74.9%~124.8%,RSD为3.1%~8.8%;标准样品实验中,α-HCH及DDTs均在标准值范围内,加标回收率在78.5%~117.9%之间. 相似文献
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A solvent extraction procedure for the quantitativeextraction of trace levels of methylgermanium species as theirchloride complex has been developed and the extract was determinedby an on-column capillary gas chromatography with a lab-modifiedflame phorometric detector(FPD) using quartz surface-inducedgermanium emission after pentylation with Grignard reaction. Theextracted percentages for TMGe, DMGe and MMGe in a 100-ml 9mol/LHCl aqueous solution by a single extraction with 1 ml hexane are86.6%, 87.4% and 96.2%, respectively. The precision for overallprocedure range from 3.9% to 7.5%. The extraction was found to beindependent of the initial concentration of methylgermanium speciesin the aqueous phase, which typically varied from 0.1 to 10 μg. This method is suitable for most types of environmental samples and, are superior to all hydride generation coupled spectrometric andspectrophotometric methods in terms of selectivity and toleranceability to interference. 相似文献
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考察了相比、水相pH、混合时间等因素对LIX84I萃取铜的影响,结果表明:这些因素对铜的萃取率都有一定的影响,最优化的条件是有机相为30%LIX84I+70%煤油、室温、相比=2:1、出口水相pH值=2.0、搅拌速度=910r/min、萃取级数为3级,每级的时间为3min。对铜进行三级萃取和一级反萃,可以得到符合电积要求的硫酸铜溶液,萃取率和反萃取率分别可以达到94.6%和97.8%。 相似文献
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丹江口水库表层沉积物有机/无机磷形态特征 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用连续分级提取法研究了丹江口水库表层沉积物中有机磷和无机磷的形态及其赋存特征,同时结合间隙水体中溶解性总磷(DTP)的空间分布特征,讨论了各形态磷的生物可利用性及其释放风险.结果表明,丹江口水库沉积物中各形态磷均在入库河流处高于库区.各采样点沉积物总磷在203.08~1625.61mg/kg之间,平均值为642.51mg/kg,其中以无机磷为主,占总磷的52.9%.无机磷形态中生物可利用性差的Ca-Pi占优势,平均值为196.46mg/kg,占无机磷的57.8%;沉积物有机磷形态中活性最差的NA-Po占绝对的优势,NA-Po平均值为180.83mg/kg,占有机磷(OP)的59.7%. WA-Pi、PA-Pi、Fe/Al-Pi、WA-Po、PA-Po均与间隙水体DTP呈显著正相关(P < 0.05), Ca-Pi、MA-Po、NA-Po与间隙水DTP相关性较差.入库河流沉积物生物可利用性磷含量及释放通量均较库区高,具有较高的释磷风险. 相似文献
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区域氮、磷、镉、砷输移变化是影响农业生产、导致农田面源污染的主要因素。基于土壤表观平衡模型,以珠三角流域佛山市农业科学研究所试验农田为典型研究区域,构建农田小区尺度土壤表观氮、磷、镉、砷平衡模型,对4种元素在土壤中输移结构和平衡进行分析。结果表明:研究区域4种元素的主要输入途径是施肥,而输出的主要形式各有不同。其中,氮、磷主要输出形式是作物富集输出,输出占比分别为57.5%和39.0%;镉、砷主要输出形式分别是地表径流和作物富集输出,输出占比分别为66.7%和10.7%。研究区域4种元素均出现了不同程度土壤富集现象,农田小区尺度氮、磷平衡处于盈余状态,而镉、砷平衡处于亏损状态,4种元素的平衡强度分别为37.40、8.88、−1.35和−20.50 kg/(hm2·a),仅氮、磷未超过当地土壤环境安全阈值。分析试验农田中5类蔬菜各部位镉、砷富集情况发现,砷的富集系数均达到70.0%以上,而镉的富集只在辣椒叶中较为突出,富集系数达到57.5%。研究显示,应重视肥料输入的有效利用,加强农田灌溉水、农作物和地表径流中重金属的监测,以保障区域粮食安全和水环境安全。
相似文献9.
Leaching of phosphorus from incinerated sewage sludge ash by means of acid
extraction followed by adsorption on orange waste gel 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Ashes from sewage sludge incineration have a high phosphorus content, approximately 8% (W/W), which indicates a potential
resource of the limiting nutrient. Incineration of sewage sludge with subsequent recovery of phosphorus is a relatively new sludge
treatment technique. In this article, the leaching of phosphorus by using sulfuric acid as well as hydrochloric acid by means of several
batch experiments was presented. At the same time a selective recovery of phosphorus by adsorption was also discussed. The e ects
of acid concentration, temperature and time on extraction were studied. The phosphorus leaching increased with the increase in acid
concentration and temperature. Kinetic studies showed that the complete leaching of phosphorus took place in less than 4 h. Selective
adsorption of phosphorus by using orange waste gel provided a hint for recovery of this natural resource, which eventually could meet
the ever-increasing requirement for phosphorus. The overall results indicated that the incinerated sewage sludge ash can be treated with
acid to e ciently recover phosphorus and thus can be considered a potentially renewable source of phosphorus. 相似文献
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沉积物中不同形态磷提取方法的改进及其环境地球化学意义 总被引:84,自引:3,他引:84
本文给出了一个较为系统的沉积物中不同形态P的提取方法,将沉积物中P以吸附态磷,铝结合磷,铁结合磷,闭蓄态磷,自生钙结合磷,原生碎屑磷和有机磷等7种形态分步提取,并重点考虑了分离提取原生碎屑磷和自生钙结合磷,分离提取铝结合磷,分离提取铝结合磷,铁结合磷和闭蓄态磷。本方法具有很强的环境地球化学研究应用价值。 相似文献
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Quantity of trace arsenic in grain and soil was determined by hydride nondispersive atomic fluorescence method.Optimum conditions of measurement were selected in the experiment including the pH of the medium, reductive agent, the concentration and flowing velocity of KBH4, rate of carrier gas and atomized temperature. The reference sample of rice C was determined and the linear relationship of the calibration curve was plotted, indicating that the method was highly precise. In the experiment of recovery rate, the method was quite satisfactory.Based on the determination of hundreds of samples, it is proved that atomic fluorescence method is rapid, sensitive and low in interference. It is very efficient on determination of trace arsenic in soils and grains, especially in grains. 相似文献
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铜镍电镀退镀废液资源化处理工艺 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
针对硝酸型铜镍退镀废液,确定了蒸馏法回收硝酸、溶剂萃取法分离提取铜、沉淀分离法回收镍的工艺路线.探讨了采用P507煤油体系萃取分离硝酸介质中的铜和镍及用硫酸反萃铜的条件及影响规律,确定了最佳工艺参数.结果表明,硝酸回收率可达97.8%;当最佳萃取工艺条件为:料液浓度Cu 15~20mg/mL,Ni 5~10 mg/mL,料液pH为1~2,萃取剂体积分数35%,皂化度60%,相比为1∶1,振荡时间2min,温度20℃~25℃,铜的一级萃取率达90%以上,铜镍分离系数为75,经过三级逆流萃取废液中的铜镍已达到完全分离;以NaOH作沉淀剂,溶液的pH为10~11,镍的回收率可达99.9%.经上述处理后,使排放液达到国家工业废水排放标准要求. 相似文献
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长江中下游浅水湖泊沉积物中磷的形态及其与水相磷的关系 总被引:98,自引:9,他引:98
研究了长江中下游22个不同生态类型的浅水湖泊表层沉积物中磷的地球化学形态及水相磷含量等水质特征.对沉积物中磷形态的连续提取分析发现,自然粒度下,绝大部分湖泊的沉积物中90%以上的磷是以生物较难利用的形态存在的,活性磷所占比例很小.而在严重污染的城市湖泊中,活性磷含量则可以占到总磷的35%以上.沉积物中活性磷含量的高低与总磷含量并不一致.水草的存在对水相磷含量及沉积物中磷的活性都有显著的影响.水相磷的含量与沉积物中交换态磷的含量、沉积物铁磷比有显著的相关关系.研究表明,沉积物地球化学性质、水体营养盐含量及浅水湖泊生态类型之间存在复杂而密切的联系. 相似文献
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室内灰尘吞食暴露是邻苯二甲酸酯与磷系阻燃剂的主要暴露途径,测定室内灰尘中该类有机污染物的生物有效性对其暴露风险评价至关重要.本研究选择胃肠模拟体外方法-生理原理提取法(PBET)法测定室内灰尘中邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(Dibutyl phthalate,DBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(Butyl benzyl phthalate,BBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP)和三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯(Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate,TCEP)的生物有效性.研究了PBET法中胆盐含量、模拟肠液p H值、液固比及同时摄入奶粉等生理参数对生物有效性的影响.结果表明,4种有机污染物的生物有效性从1.5%(DEHP)到52%(TCEP),随污染物辛醇水分配系数的增加而降低.随着模拟液胆盐含量增加,DBP、BBP与DEHP的生物有效性逐渐增加,并在10 g·L~(-1)附近达到最大值后趋于平稳.TCEP由于其较好的水溶性,生物有效性并未随着胆盐含量的增加而明显变化.奶粉含量的增加则显著增加了DBP、BBP、DEHP和TCEP的生物有效性,在10 g·L~(-1)附近达到最大值后普遍呈现下降趋势.随着液固比的增加,DBP和DEHP的生物有效性显著提升,然而BBP与TCEP的生物有效性却未发生明显改变.在p H 6~8范围内,均未对4种有机物的生物有效性产生显著影响. 相似文献
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Ten male buffalo calves were randomly allotted into five groups of two each. Four groups were fed with cadmium, molybdenum, cadmium-molybdenum, and copper-cadmium-molybdenum respectively for 130 days to determine the elements' metabolic interactions in calves. These results indicated that cadmium and molybdenum could increase the accumulation of molybdenum and cadmium in liver and kidneys in buffalo calves, but copper could not. reduce to normal the levels of molybdenum and cadmium in liver and kidneys caused by cadmium-molybdenum. In addition, we found the copper concentrations in liver and kindeys was significantly greater in treatment calves than in controls. 相似文献
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