高吸水材料的研究

高吸水材料是一种具有亲水性基团并具有一定交联度的高分子功能材料,在建筑、植树造林、沙漠绿化、医疗卫生、环保领域已广泛应用。文章概述了高吸水材料的发展历史、结构、吸水机理,重点介绍高吸水材料的种类及制备方法、应用及市场情况,并就高吸水材料的发展趋势进行了展望。     

卤氧化铋/石墨烯复合光催化剂的研究进展

卤氧化铋/石墨烯是一种具有良好可见光催化活性的复合光催化材料,成为众多学者的研究热点.综述了水热法、溶剂热法、沉淀法和超声/微波辅助法等合成方法在卤氧化铋/石墨烯复合催化剂制备中的应用,总结了石墨烯/卤氧化铋在废气净化和废水处理中的应用,并从制备方法改进、应用领域拓展、催化活性提高等方面对卤氧化铋/石墨烯复合催化剂的研...     

活性炭纤维复合材料的脱硫性能

本实验以粘胶基活性炭纤维和酚醛树脂复合,制备出了一种可用于烟气脱硫的活性炭纤维复合材料（ACFM）,考察了制备工艺条件对脱硫性能和比表面积的影响,测试其在填充床的压降。结果表明：粘结剂用量、炭化及活化条件对样品的脱硫性能和比表面积有较大的影响;与其他活性炭材料相比ACFM压降相对较低,只有活性炭纤维的1／20。     

石墨烯在环保领域的应用

石墨烯是一种由单层碳原子以sp2杂化轨道形成的周期蜂窝状点阵结构的二维新材料,具有比表面积大、吸附性能好、电子迁移率高等特性,在环保领域有着广泛的应用。文章简述了石墨烯的制备方法,介绍了石墨烯材料在水处理和大气处理中的应用,并对其在环保领域的应用前景进行了展望。     

热解含油污泥制备吸附材料浅析

介绍了含油污泥热解技术及热解实验方法,提出热解产生的残渣进行适当处理可成为具有吸附性的材料。进行了含油污泥热解正交实验,得出影响最大的因素分别是热解温度、热解时间、升温速率,并得出最佳的热解温度、热解时间、升温速率等。分析了含油污泥热解的机理,探讨了热解含油污泥制备吸附材料的活化改性,并在此基础上对所制备吸附材料的脱硫性和除油性进行了研究。     

纳米零价铁在石油污染场地中的应用研究

近年来,纳米零价铁（nZVⅠ）凭借其反应活性强等优势被广泛应用于石油污染场地修复研究。文章结合国内外研究情况,针对氯代烃污染物的修复机理作了阐述,分析了nZVⅠ的制备方式、改性优化等方面内容,重点阐述了nZVⅠ在原位修复过程中存在的典型问题及应用研究现状。电爆炸法作为一种低成本、可批量 生产的方法,同时通过固体负载、表面修饰等改性手段开发新型nZVⅠ材料,是nZVⅠ工程应用的有效手段。鉴于nZVⅠ及其改性材料具有成本低、扰动小、用途广等特点,该类材料在石油污染场地风险控制及修复治理中有较大的研究潜力与应用价值。     

粉煤灰—膨润土颗粒吸附材料的制备及其处理含铅离子废水的研究

通过振荡吸附实验,研究了粉煤灰-膨润土颗粒吸附材料的制备方法及颗粒吸附材料在含铅离子废水中的吸附特性.结果表明,制备颗粒吸附剂的优化条件为:粉煤灰∶膨润土=5∶5(质量比),在600℃下焙烧2h.在温度25℃、pH值为5、Pb2+初始浓度为40mg/L、吸附剂用量为2g/L、吸附时间为1h条件下,吸附剂对废水中Pb2+的去除率可达95.27%.     

废纺织品制备生物炭的方法及其性质分析

近年来,废纺织品的产生量日益增长,废纺织品的资源化利用成为热点.以废纺织品为对象,分析废纺织品制备生物炭的方法及其性质.采用含有硝酸盐和磷酸盐的混合液处理剂对废纺织品进行预处理后制备生物炭材料,能够降低炭化的温度,提高纤维状生物炭的产率.废纺织品制备生物炭的粒径小于等于20目、含水率小于10％时,将会提高热解炭化的效果...     

铁负载季胺化复合改性芦苇秸秆制备工艺

以芦苇秸秆为原材料,通过铁负载及季胺化改性的方式制备了新型复合吸附除磷材料.利用扫描电镜分析(XRD)、红外吸收光谱(IR)对样品进行了表征,选择磷酸盐作为吸附质考察其吸附性能,并通过单因素和响应面法优化了材料制备的工艺.实验结果表明,复合材料制备最优工艺条件为:氢氧化钠浓度7.7％、交联温度81℃、铵化温度80℃、铁...     

环境友好新型聚乳酸复合材料的研究及应用

聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料是一类重要的环境友好新型可降解材料。该材料通常是以PLA高分子为基体,以无机钙质成分(如羟基磷灰石、磷酸钙、珊瑚、珍珠层)、碳纤维、生物活性成分、有机物等为增强材料复合而成。概述了近年来国内外通过共聚、共混、复合等改性方法获得PLA复合材料的研究进展;论述了PLA复合材料的制备方法、生物相容性、力学性能、开发现状及应用等;指出使用新型的复合工艺、采用超细的无机粒子或纳米增强材料或加入特殊填料,同时开发新型增强物质是PLA复合材料的发展趋势;展望了PLA复合材料的应用前景。     

新型垃圾衍生燃料制备工艺

介绍了一项新型垃圾衍生燃料RDF制备技术。该技术通过改变现有焚烧炉工作状况入手,利用专有技术对南方高湿混合生活垃圾进行预处理制成衍生燃料后再进行焚烧,降低了垃圾焚烧处理对原料、热值及水分的要求,提高了焚烧法处理垃圾的适用范围,减少了能耗及成本,提高了处理能力和热能输出,极大降低了焚烧尾气所造成的二次污染,实现了重要技术突破。     

火电厂脱硝的尿素制氨技术概述

选择性催化还原法（简称SCR）脱硝用还原剂氨气的制备原料主要有液氨、氨水及尿素三种。由于液氨工艺系统简单,运输、投资、运行成本较低,在目前的工程中已广泛应用,但存在的缺点是对系统的安全性要求较高。根据《危险化学品重大危险源辨识标准》（GB18218—2009）,液氨储量超过10吨视为重大危险源,因此,某些特殊地区（如北京、广州等地）要求还原剂制备系统采用安全性要求较低的尿素工艺。尿素工艺又分为热解法和水解法制氨,本文分别说明了两种工艺的技术原理、工艺流程。     

Waste materials for activated carbon preparation and its use in aqueous-phase treatment: a review

Commercial activated carbon is a preferred adsorbent for the removal of micropollutants from the aqueous phase; however, its widespread use is restricted due to high associated costs. To decrease treatment costs, attempts have been made to find inexpensive alternative activated carbon (AC) precursors, such as waste materials. Some reviews report the use of waste materials for the preparation of AC; however, these studies are restricted to either type of wastes, preparation procedures, or specific aqueous-phase applications. The present work reviews and evaluates literature dedicated both to the preparation of AC by recycling different types of waste materials and also to its application in various aqueous-phase treatments. It is clear that conventional (from agriculture and wood industry) and non-conventional (from municipal and industrial activities) wastes can be used to prepare AC, that can be applied in various aqueous treatment processes, namely to remove organic pollutants, dyes, volatile organic compounds, and heavy metals. Moreover, high surface areas can be obtained using either physical or chemical activation; however, combined treatments might enhance the surface properties of the adsorbent, therefore increasing its adsorption capacity. It is evident from the revision made that AC prepared from both conventional and non-conventional wastes might effectively compete with the commercial ones. This happens mostly when the activation procedures are optimized considering both the raw material used to produce the carbons and the contaminants to be removed.     

A design for environment methodology for evaluating materials

Industrial ecology is a new multidisciplinary field of study requiring that economic activity be integrated with, and have minimal impact on, surrounding natural systems. This systems-based approach is beginning to be implemented in private firms through the development of Design for Environment (DFE) methodologies and tools which support the integration of technological and environmental considerations in all economic activities. As part of this development process, a matrix system is proposed by the author by which the environmental and energy costs embedded in materials as used in generic applications may be identified, facilitating environmentally and economically efficient selection of materials. This Material Environmental Evaluation Matrix is supported by checklists which inform the evaluation process. A set of completed matrices for major materials in common applications forms the basis for an Environmentally Efficient Materials Database (EEMD). Once completed, the EEMD would inform consumers, product and process designers, business planners and managers, regulators and government purchasers, public interest groups, and others in their choice of optimal, environmentally and economically efficient, material options.     

电解铝工程清洁生产分析与评价

本文以乐山某铝业有限公司新建10万吨电解铝工程为例,简述了电解铝生产工艺,重点对电解铝工程的清洁生产进行分析。从生产工艺的先进性、污染物排放量少、清洁原料、原辅材料消耗低、节能措施和废物回收利用等方面对预焙阳极电解槽技术的清洁生产进行分析。通过清洁生产指标分析结果,乐山某铝业有限公司电解铝工程满足清洁生产标准要求,经预焙槽技术和自焙槽相比,预焙槽技术具有污染物排放量少,物耗能耗低,使用原辅料清洁,电流效率高的特点,以不同预焙槽原辅材料消耗量回归分析结果及其综合分析,大型预焙阳极电解槽技术是铝电解行业的清洁生产工艺。     

Recent progress in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic materials: A review

Natural energy sources like petrol and diesel are going to be diminished in the coming future which will lead to increase in the prices and demands of fossil fuels. Therefore, it is important to find a sustainable alternate of fossil fuels. Bioethanol is one of the alternatives, which is produced from different feedstocks including sugar-based, starch-based and lignocellulose-based materials through fermentation. Since sugar-based (sugar cane and sugar beet) and starch-based (corn) materials are sources of staple food, therefore, research on lignocellulosic materials for bioethanol production is a subject of recent studies. Ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials involves different steps, such as pretreatment, hydrolysis, followed by fermentation process and finally ethanol purification. In this review, we have summarized the recent progresses in bioethanol production and processing from lignocellulosic materials.     

PROFESSIONAL WATER RESOURCES EDUCATION FOR THE FUTURE… ARE WE READY?1

ABSTRACT: Water resources professionals are being increasingly called upon to address complex problems which require the interaction of several individuals operating as a planning or implementation team. Education for water resources professionals must move to meet the demands of this mode of operation. To best prepare the student, educational programs must focus not only on technical competence but must also incorporate concepts of cooperative problem solving with individuals from a diversity of backgrounds as a part of the curriculum. Among strategies which may work are academic requirements outside of the technical specialty, modification of existing course materials, and inclusion of outside faculty as a part of departmental curriculum preparation.     

多孔材料对车用聚丙烯材料VOC问题的改善

通过考察不同类型的多孔材料对白油蒸汽的吸附能力,选择高效的多孔材料作为VOC吸附剂添加到车用聚丙烯材料中,测试经过改性后材料的TVOC含量,结果表明:多孔材料有效地吸附了聚丙烯及加工过程中产生的长链烷烃,并在测试温度下不会解吸附,从而使得材料的TVOC含量达到客户的标准要求。     

油田污水过滤罐含油污染滤料再生技术

大庆油田污水处理系统产生的含油污染滤料,经过含油污染滤料再生工艺化学清洗、烘干、分筛、磁浮选等程序处理后,各种再生滤料重复使用于油田污水处理系统,清洗过程中产生的污水经自然沉降、旋流除砂、重力式过滤、杀菌和有机物降解处理后循环使用。减少油田含油污染滤料带来的环境污染,为油田节约了新滤料采购费用、废旧滤料集中堆放和处置费用。