Effects of ionic phosphate injections on the colloidal chromic radiophosphate (32P) deposited in the bone

The Science of Nature -     

麻痹性贝毒在不同贝类组织体外转化的比较

将栉孔扇贝Chlamys farreri、菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum、竹蛏Solen strictus的内脏、肌肉组织分离,匀浆后与毒藻Alexandrium minutum提取液进行48 h体外培养,比较三种贝类不同组织对麻痹性贝(PSP)的转化能力。此外又研究了加热和天然还原剂对毒素转化的影响,以判断毒素转化过程是受到酶还是其他物理化学过程的影响。利用高效液相色谱分析后,发现麻痹性贝毒的转化存在明显的种间差异性与组织特异性。栉孔扇贝内脏对毒素的转化能力最强,培养48 h后与培养初时相比,GTX1、GTX4含量分别减少16%、7%,GTX2、GTX3分别增加13%、10%。但是肌肉对麻痹性贝毒的转化能力却不大。未加热的栉孔扇贝内脏与加热的相比,GTX1、GTX4含量分别减少9%、5%、GTX2、GTX3分别增加9%、5%。加入还原剂的栉孔扇贝的内脏与未加还原剂的相比,GTX1、GTX4含量分别减少5%、5%,GTX2、GTX3增加4%、6%。相反,菲律宾蛤仔和竹蛏内脏与肌肉组织与毒藻提取液培养后各毒素含量变化不大。     

In vitro thyroid disrupting effects of organic extracts from WWTPs in Beijing

It is generally known that there are many endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Most research has focused on the occurrence of estrogenic or androgenic activities, while ignoring that there are environmental chemicals disrupting thyroid system, which is essential for growth and development in both humans and animals. In the present work, a two-hybrid yeast assay was conducted to evaluate the removal efficiencies of agonistic or antagonistic thyroid receptor (TR) mediated effects in different treatment processes of three WWTPs located in Beijing. We found no TR agonistic, but TR antagonistic activities in all processes from the WWTPs. The TR antagonistic activities in organic extracts of water samples were then calibrated regarding to a known TR-inhibitor, amiodarone hydrochloride (AH). The observed concentration of TR disrupting substances ranged from 2.35 × 10-8 to 6.19 × 10-7 mol/L AH in Gaobeidian WWTP, 3.76 × 10-s to 8.75 x 10-s mol/L AH in Lugouqiao WWTP,and 4.80 × 10-9 to 2.55 × 10-s mol/L AH in Beixiaohe WWTP. Of the three WWTPs, the removal rates were 92.7%, 42.2%, and 23.1% respectively. Industrial sewage may contain more TR disrupting substances compared with domestic sewage. The recipient waters were found to contain considerable concentrations of TR disrupting substances that may cause adverse effects on the exposed organisms.     

不同稳定化材料对废渣中As的固定效果

采用典型硫化物、钙基和铁铝基（Fe⁰、铁盐、Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃）等共10种材料对含砷（As）废渣进行稳定化处理,通过5种模拟不同风险场景的单一化学浸提法,筛选出不同场景下固As效果好的材料,并通过连续化学形态浸提和微观结构表征揭示典型材料的固As机理.结果表明,自然场景下Na₂S·9H₂O固As效果最好,其它场景固As能力最强的依次是Fe⁰和FeSO₄·7H₂O,其中,Fe⁰最适用于有机弱酸和强酸雨场景,FeSO₄·7H₂O在5种场景中均有固As效果,但差异性较大,在有机弱酸场景下效果最好,TCLP浸出As降至1.50 μg/L,固As率达99.98%.FeSO₄·7H₂O固As作用主要是降低弱酸可提取态,将非专性/专性吸附态、无定形和弱结晶铁铝或铁锰态转化为结晶铁铝或铁锰态和残渣态,处理后有少量难溶的铁砷矿物（即臭葱石和砷铁矿）等生成.     

Reduction of iodate and periodate by rat tissues in vitro

The Science of Nature -     

Mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan and Lambda-cyhalothrin - In vitro study describing individual and combined effects of pesticides

Excessive use of pesticides poses increased risks to non target species including humans. In the developing countries, lack of proper awareness about the toxic potential of pesticides makes the farmer more vulnerable to pesticide linked toxicities, which could lead to diverse pathological conditions. The toxic potential of a pesticide could be determined by their ability to induce genetic mutations and cytotoxicity. Hence, determination of genetic mutation and cytotoxicity of each pesticide is unavoidable to legislate health and safety appraisal about pesticides. The objective of current investigation was to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan（EN） and Lambda-cyhalothrin（LC）; individually and in combination. 3-（4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide（MTT） assay was utilized to determine cytotoxicity, while two mutant histidine dependent Salmonella strains（TA98, TA100） were used to determine the mutagenicity of EN and LC.Moreover, mutagenicity assay was conducted with and without S9 to evaluate the effects of metabolic activation on mutagenicity. Even though a dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies was detected with EN against both bacterial strains, a highly significant（p 〈 0.05） increase in the mutagenicity was detected in TA98 with S9. In comparison, data obtained from LC revealed less mutagenic potential than EN. Surprisingly,the non-mutagenic individual-concentrations of EN and LC showed dose dependent mutagenicity when combined. Combination of EN and LC synergistically induced mutagenicity both in TA98 and TA100. MTT assay spotlighted comparable dose dependent cytotoxicity effects of both pesticides. Interestingly, the combination of EN and LC produced increased reversion and cytotoxicity at lower doses as compared to each pesticide, concluding that pesticide exposure even at sub-lethal doses can produce cytotoxicity and genetic mutations, which could lead to carcinogenicity.     

镉对黑斑蛙脏器组织的亚慢性毒性效应

研究了在不同浓度镉(10～40mg/L)中暴露30d黑斑蛙(Rana nigromaculata)脏器组织的亚慢性毒性效应.结果表明,当镉暴露浓度>30mg/L时,黑斑蛙的肝脏指数显著减少.黑斑蛙肝脏、肾脏和心脏Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase活性随着Cd²⁺浓度的升高而降低,表现出明显的浓度-效应关系.在同一浓度(20mg/L)不同时间处理中,肝脏、肾脏组织Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase活性随处理时间的延长表现为先升高后下降的趋势.肝脏和肾脏Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase对Cd²⁺更为敏感.肝脏指数的减少和肝脏、肾脏、心脏组织Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase活性的变化在一定程度上反映了镉对黑斑蛙的损伤作用.     

In vitro radical scavenging activity of two Columbian Magnoliaceae

The recent interest in the conservation of the tropical forest is due, at least in part, to the potential economic and health benefits that can be exploited from several plants. This report shows the in vitro antioxidant activity of some fractions isolated from leaves of two Columbian Magnoliaceae, Talauma hernandezii G. Lozano-C and Dugandiodendron yarumalense Lozano. The activity was determined using the radical monocation 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS·+) and the stable free radical 2-2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·), as part of general biological screening of these plants. The antioxidant capacity obtained from fractions was similar to those of α-tocopherol, tert-butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and ascorbic acid. The most active scavenger extract was the fraction 7 (TAA = 48.6 mmol Trolox/kg extract and IC₅₀ ≤ 0.01 kg extract/mmol DPPH); and the least active was the fraction 1 (TAA = 11.23 mmol Trolox/kg extract and IC₅₀ = 0.21 kg extract/mmol DPPH) all of them isolated from D. yarumalense. These results suggest that these plants can be attractive as source of antioxidant compounds with the ability to reduce radicals like ATBS and DPPH.     

活体及离体条件下微囊藻毒素对鱼蛋白磷酸酶的抑制作用

用鱼组织匀浆液或纯化的酶作为酶源,研究了离体和活体条件下天然有毒物微囊藻毒素对蛋白磷酸酶的抑制作用。结果表明,3种微囊藻毒素LR、YR和RR都对蛋白磷酸酶有极强的抑制作用,毒素浓度对酶相对活力作图呈典型的Ｓ型曲线。在活体致毒时,微囊藻毒素ＬＲ可在极短时间里完全抑制鱼肝脏的蛋白磷酸酶活性。研究结果还证明,离体条件下,微囊藻毒素对鱼蛋白磷酸酶的作用模式和程度与哺乳动物中的一样,活体致毒时,微囊藻毒素对鱼蛋白磷酸酶有专一性的抑制作用。     

基于不同空气质量模型的二噁英沉降效果研究

为评估不同空气质量模型（AERMOD、ADMS和CALPUFF）在复杂地形-气象场条件下的干湿沉降模拟效果,利用上述模型模拟我国西南某代表性山地的医废、垃圾焚烧项目的二噁英环境影响,并通过土壤实测数据进行模型分析验证.结果表明：AERMOD、ADMS和CALPUFF模拟的空气中年均浓度依次为1.53×10^-8~4.14×10^-6,5.23×10^-9~3.28×10^-6和2.66×10^-9~2.59×10^-7ngTEQ/m³;AER MOD、ADMS和CALPUFF模拟的固定点位总沉降量依次为4.41~285.72,3.07~268.02和0.02~1.35ngTEQ/m².在扩散、沉降形态上,CALPUFF的模拟结果与其他两种模型均表现出较大差异,AERMOD和ADMS的沉降形态相似,空气中的扩散形态却存在差异.利用土壤监测值验证模型效果发现,AERMOD、ADMS和CALPUFF的相关系数r分别为0.66、0.70和0.83,CALPUFF的模拟结果在空间分布上表现更为优越,可作为相关项目的布点指导模型.     

洞庭湖不同营养级鱼组织中PCBs的分布特征

采用稳定同位素分析技术和气相色谱-高分辨质谱联用技术,测定了洞庭湖6种鱼组织的稳定氮同位素丰度值（δ¹⁵N值）和多氯联苯（PCBs）的含量,研究了鱼组织中PCBs分布特征及其与营养级的相关性.结果表明,∑PCBs₁₁₅的浓度范围为0.04~9.77ng/g湿重,在鲤鱼性腺组织中最高.毒性当量为：0.0003~2.39pg/g湿重,在鳡鱼脂肪组织中最高.洞庭湖鱼中PCBs的含量处于较低水平.PCB28,52,95,99,101,105,110,118,138,153,155和209在所有组织中检出.Co-PCBs,Ind-PCBs和PCB209具有组织分布特异性.不同计量方式下,鱼组织中PCBs与δ¹⁵N值具有相关性的同类物不同.