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本研究将人工制备的生物质炭以0%~2%范围的量添加到受试土壤中,通过比较生物质-土壤体系的理论吸附容量和实际吸附容量,初步阐明生物质炭与土壤的相互作用对BDE-47在土壤中的吸附行为的影响。当生物质炭的添加量为0.1%、0.5%、1.0%时,生物质炭与土壤的相互作用对BDE-47的吸附行为的影响不明显;当生物质炭添加量为2.0%,BDE-47的吸附平衡浓度Ce为0.95μg/L时,生物质炭与土壤的相互作用可以抑制土壤对BDE-47的吸附,使吸附能力降低了33%,而当Ce为9.5μg/L时,生物质炭与土壤的相互作用可以促进土壤对BDE-47的吸附,使吸附能力提高了146%。生物质炭与土壤的相互作用可以影响BDE-47在土壤中的吸附行为,影响程度的大小与生物质炭的添加量和吸附平衡浓度有关。 相似文献
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利用黏土矿物独特的阳离子交换能力,可以吸附水中的镉,从而降低Cd(Ⅱ)污染对人体健康的危害。为探究伊利石对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附特性,通过吸附试验,考察了pH、吸附剂量对吸附效果的影响,并分析了Cd(Ⅱ)在伊利石表面的吸附行为。结果表明,伊利石对Cd(Ⅱ)吸附的最佳剂量为15 g/L,碱性条件有利于伊利石对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附;Cd(Ⅱ)在伊利石上吸附过程的动力学规律符合伪二级动力学模型,等温吸附行为适合用Freundlich模型,温度的增加有利于对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附,伊利石对Cd(Ⅱ)的主要吸附机制是多分子层化学吸附。 相似文献
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文章通过高能辐照诱导接枝的方法,在聚丙烯(PP)纤维基体表面引入对苯乙烯磺酸钠(SS)单体,制备一种新型的高性能吸附材料,进而对油气田水环境中的微溶毒性有机物进行有效吸附。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和静态接触角(CA)对接枝改性前后聚丙烯纤维基体表面的形态结构及疏水性能进行了表征。实验结果证明:功能纤维的接枝率可以通过改变接枝条件得到有效控制。此外,文章还以丙烯酰胺为被吸附有机物考察了纤维改性前后的吸附性能。当改性聚丙烯纤维的接枝率为15.35%时,其对水中丙烯酰胺的去除率从原纤维的25.4%提高到87.4%,极大提高了对油气田水环境中的丙烯酰胺等有机物的处理能力。 相似文献
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采用平衡吸附法,研究了镉和锌在草甸黑土上的吸附行为,探讨草甸黑土对镉和锌吸附的影响因素。结果表明,随着镉和锌离子平衡浓度逐渐升高,草甸黑土对镉和锌的吸附量起初迅速增大,随后增幅渐趋平缓;采用Langmuir型等温吸附曲线拟合,确定草甸黑土对镉和锌的最大吸附量为:镉(0.7335mg·g^-1)〉锌(0.5388mg·g^-1),这表明草甸黑土对镉的吸附能力比锌强;腐植酸会增强镉和锌在草甸黑土上的吸附能力,EDTA却会减弱镉和锌在草甸黑土上的吸附能力;经过铵盐处理,草甸黑土对镉和锌吸附量大小为:硫酸铵〉氯化铵〉乙酸铵,这3种铵盐都抑制草甸黑土对镉和锌的吸附;在一定的浓度范围内,随着pH值逐渐增大,草甸黑土对镉和锌的吸附量逐渐增加。研究结论为预测镉和锌在草甸黑土中的运移和防治镉和锌的污染提供科学依据。 相似文献
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改性玉米秸秆吸附去除废水中四环素的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用平衡吸附法,研究了不同投加量(改性玉米秸秆)、温度及pH条件下,改性玉米秸秆对水体中四环素的吸附作用,并利用等温曲线及吸附动力学方程对试验结果进行了拟合。结果表明:在吸附剂用量0.4g,温度30℃,振荡时间30min,pH值7的条件下,对水体中四环素浓度为50.136mg/L的吸附率可达93.4%。四环素废水吸附均符合Langmuir及Freundlich等温模式。但Langmuir方程拟合得较好,Elovich方程能更好地拟舍改性玉米秸秆对水体中四环素的吸附动力学曲线。 相似文献
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Hobbs R 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(9):2857-2865
In the latter half of the 20th century, native pine woodlands in Scotland were restricted to small remnant areas within which there was little regeneration. These woodlands are important from a conservation perspective and are habitat for numerous species of conservation concern. Recent developments have seen a large increase in interest in woodland restoration and a dramatic increase in regeneration and woodland spread. The proximate factor enabling this regeneration is a reduction in grazing pressure from sheep and, particularly, deer. However, this has only been possible as a result of a complex interplay between ecological, political and socio-economic factors. We are currently seeing the decline of land management practices instituted 150-200 years ago, changes in land ownership patterns, cultural revival, and changes in societal perceptions of the Scottish landscape. These all feed into the current move to return large areas of the Scottish Highlands to tree cover. I emphasize the need to consider restoration in a multidisciplinary framework which accounts not just for the ecology involved but also the historical and cultural context. 相似文献
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P. A. Glancy A. S. Van Denburgh S. M. Born 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1972,8(6):1157-1172
The Truckee River heads in the Sierra Nevada at Lake Tahoe, and terminates in Pyramid Lake. During the 1969 water year, flow about 9 miles upstream from the mouth (974,000 acre-ft) was almost four times the long-term average, due mainly to heavy winter rains and spring snowmelt. A short period of low-altitude rainfall produced the highest concentrations of suspended sediment, whereas a much longer subsequent period of snowmelt yielded a much greater total quantity of material. The upper 90 percent of the basin yielded about 260 acre-feet (630,000 tons) of sediment at the Nixon gage, whereas an estimated 2,800 acre-feet (6.8 million tons) was contributed by erosion of about 200 acres of river bank below the gage. Solute content at the gage ranged from 80 to 450 mg/l, dominated by calcium, sodium, and bicarbonate, plus silica in the most dilute snowmelt and chloride in the most concentrated low flows. Solute load totaled about 130,000 tons, of which the principal constituents in Pyramid Lake-sodium plus equivalent bicarbonate and chloride-amounted to almost 40,000 tons. The total solute load during a year of average flow may be 45,000-55,000 tons, including 18,000-22,000 tons of principal lake constituents. 相似文献
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This article outlines some of the rationale for integrating environment and sustainablility issues into core business practises and provides some guidance on how companies can begin to take a strategic view when selecting environmental management tools. Two of these tools, life cycle management and eco-efficiency, are outlined in brief.© 1999 Five Wind International. Reprinted with permission by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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Iron oxides are important components influencing the adsorption of various inorganic and organic compounds in soils and sediments. In this study the adsorption on iron oxides of nonionic and ionic pesticides was determined as a function of solution pH, ionic strength, and pesticide concentration. The investigated iron oxides included two-line ferrihydrite, goethite, and lepidocrocite. Selected pesticides comprised atrazine (6-chloro-N2-ethyl-N4-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), isoproturon [3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea)], mecoprop [(RS)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propionic acid], 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), and bentazone [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide]. The adsorption of the nonionic pesticides (atrazine and isoproturon) was insignificant, whereas the adsorption of the acidic pesticides (mecoprop, 2,4-D, and bentazone) was significant on all investigated iron oxides. The adsorption capacity increased with decreasing pH, with maximum adsorption reached close to the pKa values. The addition of CaCl2 in concentrations from 0.0025 to 0.01 M caused the adsorption capacity to diminish. The adsorption of bentazone was significantly lower than the adsorption of mecoprop and 2,4-D, illustrating the importance of a carboxyl group in the pesticide structure. The adsorption capacity on the iron oxides increased in the order: lepidocrocite < goethite < two-line ferrihydrite. The maximum adsorption capacities of meco-prop and 2,4-D on goethite were found to be equivalent to the site density of singly coordinated hydroxyl groups on the faces of the dominant (110) form, suggesting that singly coordinated hydroxyl groups are responsible for adsorption. Differences in adsorption capacities between iron oxides can be explained by differences in the surface site density of singly coordinated hydroxyl groups. The maximum measured adsorption capacity of mecoprop on two-line ferrihydrite was equivalent to 0.2 mol/mol Fe. 相似文献
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Tillage, intercrop, and controlled drainage-subirrigation influence atrazine, metribuzin, and metolachlor loss 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Gaynor JD Tan CS Drury CF Ng HY Welacky TW van Wesenbeeck IJ 《Journal of environmental quality》2001,30(2):561-572
Atrazine (6-chloro-N2-ethyl-N4-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] have been found with increasing occurrence in rivers and streams. Their continued use will require changes in agricultural practices. We compared water quality from four crop-tillage treatments: (i) conventional moldboard plow (MB), (ii) MB with ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) intercrop (IC), (iii) soil saver (SS), and (iv) SS + IC; and two drainage control treatments, drained (D) and controlled drainage-subirrigation (CDS). Atrazine (1.1 kg a.i. ha-1), metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazine-5(4H)-one] (0.5 kg a.i. ha-1), and metolachlor (1.68 kg a.i. ha-1) were applied preemergence in a band over seeded corn (Zea mays L.) rows. Herbicide concentration and losses were monitored from 1992 to spring 1995. Annual herbicide losses ranged from < 0.3 to 2.7% of application. Crop-tillage treatment influenced herbicide loss in 1992 but not in 1993 or 1994, whereas CDS affected partitioning of losses in most years. In 1992, SS + IC reduced herbicide loss in tile drains and surface runoff by 46 to 49% compared with MB. The intercrop reduced surface runoff, which reduced herbicide transport. Controlled drainage-subirrigation increased herbicide loss in surface runoff but decreased loss through tile drainage so that total herbicide loss did not differ between drainage treatments. Desethyl atrazine [6-chloro-N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] comprised 7 to 39% of the total triazine loss. 相似文献