以人为本 科学发展建立健全PPE标准体系

1 导言 我国每年工矿商贸企业发生各类生产安全事故几十万起．死亡近2万人。主要原因：一是病人总数大．据初步统计．全国职业病累计发病64万余例．其中尘肺病58万例．累计因尘肺死亡14万人,死亡率达22％：二是发病率较高．我国每年“显性”职业病报告病例达1．5万人左右。     

2000年全国各类职业病发病统计

据全国(除西藏、台湾)卫生部门的报告统计,2000年共报告各类职业病11718例,较1999年的病例增加了14.5％。在总病例数中,尘肺病占77.7％,慢性职业中毒占10.2％。急性职业中毒占6.7％,其它各类职业病共占5.4％。全年共报告农村农药中毒17459例,死亡1174例,中毒病死率6.7％。各类职业病统计情况具体如下: 尘肺病全年尘肺病新发病例9100例,死亡2725例。全国累积检出尘肺病558624例,累积死亡133226例,病死率为23.85％,现患尘肺病人425398例。     

一名尘肺患者自述:挣的都是玩命钱,呼吸成最难的事

<正>这是一篇以尘肺病农民工为第一人称的自述。根据国家卫计委的数据显示,2012年,全国共报告职业病27420例,其中尘肺病24206例,尘肺病报告病例数占2012年职业病报告总例数的88.28%,大部分分布在煤炭行业。到2011年年底,全国累计报告尘肺病已经突破70万例,占职业病的九成。刘树红,只是等待帮助,或等待离去的70万分之一。70万个已报告病例,背     

我国职业中毒的现状分析及防治对策

目的：探讨我国职业病、职业中毒的发病趋势,为职业病相关法律法规的完善提供依据。方法：对近9年（1998～2006年）卫生部公布的全国职业病报告进行了统计分析。结果：（1）近年来,我国职业病发病例数居高不下,1998～1999年,职业病发病总数较为平稳,2000～2002年职业病发病总数明显上升,2006年职业病发病例数又有反弹趋势;（2）在各类职业病中,职业中毒始终占有很大比例13％～20％;（3）在职业中毒中,慢性职业中毒发病例数约是急性职业中毒例数的两倍。结论：（1）职业中毒发病趋势与我国经济发展和国家对职业病的监管力度紧密相关;（2）完善法律法规、加大监管力度是防治职业中毒的重要环节。     

专家研讨《职业病防治法》修订

根据卫生部2009年统计,全国每年报告新发各类职业病1．3万余例,累计报告职业病70万余例。有专家指出,由于现在发布的职业病新发病例数是从覆盖率仅有10％的职业健康监护中发现的,因此实际病例远远高于报告数字。有关统计显示,我国发生职业危害的行业多,接触人数达到2亿人,每年因职业病危害造成的直接经济损失达1000亿元。我国已成为世界上职业病危害最严重的国家之一。     

我国每年职业病发病数超过1万例

传统职业病危害尚未完全消除．新的职业病危害又不断产生。我国有毒有害企业超过1600万家，受到职业危害的人数超过2亿．每年职业病发病数在1万例以上．其中尘肺病发病数占了80％。     

完善刑法保护劳动者职业健康权

<正>近年来我国劳动者职业健康权保护形势不容乐现,主要表现在:一是职业病患病总量大。截至2010年底,全国累计报告职业病病例74万9 970例,2013年共报告职业病2万6 393例。据专家估计,实际仍有大量人员未被发现患职业病或未报告,在今后一段时期,我国职业病发病总数还将继续呈上升趋势。二是经济损失巨大。据国际劳工组织统计,全球每年因患职业病、工伤事故造成的经济损失约占GDP的     

典型尘毒危害监控治理技术装备研究

目前,我国尘肺病和职业中毒呈多发趋势,其职业病报告病例数占职业病总数的96％,且群发性职业病危害事件时有发生,如:河北省高碑店市农民工苯中毒事件,福建省仙游县、安徽省无为县、云南省水富县农民工患尘肺病事件等,职业病事件的发生,往往随之而来的是一定规模的群体性事件,容易造成恶劣的社会影响.     

2007年全国共诊断职业病14296例

2007年,根据全国30个省、自治区、直辖市和新疆生产建设兵团报告,共诊断各类职业病14296例.其中,尘肺病10963例,占新职业病病例总数的76.69%;急、慢性职业中毒分别为600例和1638例.     

我国职业中毒的现状分析及防治对策

目的探讨我国职业病、职业中毒的发病趋势,为职业病相关法律法规的完善提供依据.方法对近9年(1998～2006年)卫生部公布的全国职业病报告进行了统计分析.结果(1)近年来,我国职业病发病例数居高不下,1998～1999年,职业病发病总数较为平稳,2000～2002年职业病发病总数明显上升,2006年职业病发病例数又有反弹趋势;(2)在各类职业病中,职业中毒始终占有很大比例13%～20%;(3)在职业中毒中,慢性职业中毒发病例数约是急性职业中毒例数的两倍.结论(1)职业中毒发病趋势与我国经济发展和国家对职业病的监管力度紧密相关;(2)完善法律法规、加大监管力度是防治职业中毒的重要环节.     

Gender differences in DUI offenders in treatment in Texas

OBJECTIVE: This is a study of 8,464 adult women and 21,155 adult males who entered substance abuse treatment in Texas between 2000 and 2005. Participants were either on probation for driving under the influence (DUI), were referred to treatment by DUI probation, or had been arrested for DUI in the past year. METHODS: The female and male clients were compared on demographic characteristics, substance use patterns, DSM-IV diagnoses, and levels of impairment. T tests and chi square tests were used to determine significance and multivariate logistic regression identified predictors of completing treatment and being abstinent at follow-up. RESULTS: The proportion of females who were sent to treatment as a result of DUI increased from 27% in 2000 to 32% in 2005. Females were significantly more likely than males to be White (73% vs. 56%), to have used substances a shorter period of time (17 vs. 19 years), to be seeking custody to regain their children (11% vs. 2%), to meet the DSM criteria for drug dependence (32% vs. 23%), to have injected drugs (31% vs. 23%), to have used substances daily (42% vs. 40%), to have a depressive disorder (16% vs. 7%) or bipolar disorder (12% vs. 5%), and to be have been in treatment before (60% vs. 49%). In contrast, males were more likely to be alcohol dependent (49% vs. 44%). Females were less likely to complete treatment (67% vs. 72%) and reported significantly more days of problems on the 6 domains of the ASI at both admission and at 60-day follow-up. Furthermore, at follow-up, they were more likely to be living with someone who abused alcohol or used drugs (9% vs.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Although females comprised only 29% of the DUI treatment admissions, they were more impaired and experienced more problems than their male counterparts. The findings indicate that additional resources, including treatment for co-occurring mental health problems and living in sober households, may be keys to helping these women achieve abstinence and prevent additional DUI episodes.     

我国非煤矿山安全生产的差距

从我国非煤矿山安全生产立法、安全生产管理体制、监察执法、群众监督、宣传教育、科研、矿山企业等方面与国外矿业进行了对比分析，分析了我国非煤矿山存在的问题以及与国外的差距，最后分析了产生问题与差距的原因。     

Trends in chemical hazards in Japan

In the past, the chemical industry in Japan has been the cause of a number of major industrial accidents. Subsequent to each accident, specific lessons have been learned. These lessons learned have been implemented in terms of safety education of the employees and/or safety measures of the equipment and facilities resulting in a rapid decrease of corresponding accident frequencies. In this paper, we summarized both recent and past major accidents caused by chemical substances in fixed installations in Japan. Case studies show that runaway reactions are among the main causes of major accident occurrences in the chemical process industry in Japan. A recent fatal poisoning accident caused by H₂S gas generated during maintenance work again highlights the necessity of adequate safety management in a chemical factory. Therefore, even if hazard evaluation of chemical substances and chemical processes is necessary to prevent runaway reactions, human error is also an important factor contributing to reaction hazards [Wakakura, M. (1997) Human factor in chemical accidents, J. Safety Eng. High Press. Gas. Safety Inst. Japan, 34, 846].     

Violence in the workplaces in Finland

The aim of this study was to describe violence in Finnish workplaces by comparing it with leisure-time violence. The data were derived from 13,762 interviews made from a representative sample of the Finnish population in 1988. The subjects were asked to report all the violent incidents they had encountered during the previous 12 months. There were 394 victims of violence in workplaces, that is, 40.6 victims per 1,000 workers. The rate of occupational violence was almost identical for males (40.6) and females (40.5). The most hazardous occupations were prison guard, police officer, and mental health nurse. The main reasons for violence at work were related to refusal of an authority's order to go away or to the relationship between doctor or nurse and patient. A typical assailant was an unaccompanied man who was under the influence of alcohol.     

Trends in occupational hygiene in Finland

The aim of this work is to evaluate and describe the current status of, and prospects for, the future of occupational hygiene in Finland. The main sources of information include a seminar held in the annual meeting of Finnish Occupational Hygiene Society and interviews with different stakeholders. Nanotechnology and other new materials, changing work environments, circular economy including green jobs, new medical methods and advances of construction methods were recognized as future challenges. Future work opportunities for occupational hygiene experts included exposure assessments in indoor air surveys, private consulting and entrepreneurship in general, international activities and product safety issues. Unclear topics needing more attention in the future were thought to be in new exposures, sensitive persons, combined effects, skin exposures and applicability of personal protective equipment. Occupational hygiene should broaden its view; occupational hygienists should have to cooperate with other specialists and grasp new challenges.     

WTO与中国安全生产

新世纪之始,中国将要迈进世界贸易组织（ＷＴＯ）。在入世的过程中,与美国为首的发达国家之间始终存在着阻挠与反阻挠、限制与反限制的斗争,目前虽已告一段落,但远未结束。可以预见,中国加入ＷＴＯ之后,斗争非但不会停止,甚至可能会更复杂、更激烈。这场经济、贸易斗争实际上还有着深刻的政治与社会背景。最近几年,发达国家一直在努力使社会条款纳入世界经济贸易体系之中,在“关注发展中国家人权状况”的旗号下,反复提出“劳工标准”问题,即把本国安全生产问题与国际贸易挂钧。实际上这是“涂上绿色’”的贸易保护主义。中国是一…     

九月北京，国际盛会

第二届中国国际安全生产论坛于9月2日在人民大会堂开幕,国务委员、国务院秘书长华建敏,国家局局长王显政,国际劳工组织东亚地区局局长克里斯廷等领导参加开幕式     

在回顾中思考 在创新中发展

2008年,是中国的奥运之年,也是中国林科院建院50周年、哈尔滨林机所建所50周年、<林业劳动安全>杂志创刊20周年. <林业劳动安全>的诞生,为林业安全文化建设开辟了一片广袤的园地,为加强学术交流打开了一洞明亮的牕牖,为行业安全的发展提供了一块方正的铺路石……