共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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生物资源在农业减灾中的开发利用的前景 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
论述了以水,旱为主的气象灾害和农作物病,虫、草,鼠所致的生物灾害对农业生产的灾害性影响,同时阐述了有效利用生物资源是防止和减轻农业灾害的有效途径,提出了加强生物资源的开发利用研究内容。 相似文献
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传统基于Agent的海洋生物污染监测模型存在分析海洋污染灾害对生物受污染面积界定精度低,可信度差的问题,造成对由海洋污染造成的生物污染严重性关注较差。基于该种问题,设计新的海洋污染灾害对生物的影响模型,基于科学化、合理化以及经济化的设计理念,研究模型开发的具体路线,通过构建支持数据库、数值模型以及图形可视化三部分完成模型的总体框架,基于构建海洋污染灾害对生物的影响评估数据库和开发海洋污染灾害数值模型组件实现海洋污染灾害对生物资源的损害高效评估,得到生物资源的损失程度和损害范围。实验结果说明,所设计模型在分析生物资源受污染面积结果上结果准确,可信度高。 相似文献
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减轻自然灾害系统工程初议 总被引:11,自引:3,他引:8
本文用大量数据阐述了我国主要自然灾害所面临的严峻形势;进而分析了减轻自然灾害的可能性和必要性;并从系统科学和综合研究的角度出发,提出了减轻自然灾害系统工程的任务和内容。 相似文献
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崔鹏 《防灾减灾工程学报》2004,24(2):236-236
英文学术季刊《JournalofMountainScience》(简称JMS ,中文译名《山地科学学报》)于2 0 0 4年4月开始和读者见面了。JMS由中国科学院主管,中国科学院·水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所主办,科学出版社出版。山地是地球生命支持系统的重要组成部分。山地为人类提供了70 %的淡水资源、丰富多样的生物资源和矿产资源、广袤的空间资源和优美的景观资源。全世界约有5 0 %的人口依赖山地资源而生存。同时,山地又是地球各圈层交互作用最为复杂、地球表生过程最为活跃、全球变化影响最为强烈、人类活动与环境相互作用层次最多的地区,具有生物多… 相似文献
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WANG Shaonan 《中国减灾(英文版)》2001,(2)
1 Meteorological and biological disasters are major constraints to agriculturaldevelopment.1 .1 Meteorological disasters represented by flood and drought and the most serious threat toagricultural production.According to a survey,the average annual droughty farmland for the period 1 95 1~ 1 988wasapproximately 2× 1 0 7hm2 ;the total loss of grain caused by drought disaster only has amountedto1 .5 32 1× 1 0 11kg in the last30 years,accounting for5 0 % of the national total.Meanwhile,China is… 相似文献
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本文以定量分析为主要手段,详细研究了吉林省农业病虫害发生的时间过程规律和空间分布规律,深入探讨了环境因子对农业病虫害的影响,综合评价了病虫害防治工作的效果。 相似文献
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A microcomputer-based system was developed to provide local officials responsible for disaster management with assistance during the crucial period immediately following a disaster, a period when incorrect decisions could have an adverse impact on the surrounding community.
While the paper focuses on a potential disaster resulting from an accident at a commercial nuclear power generating facility, the system can be applied to other disastrous situations. Decisions involving evacuation, shelter and the deployment of resources must be made in response to floods, earthquakes, accidents in the transportation of hazardous materials, and hurricanes to name a few examples.
As a decision aid, the system was designed to enhance data display by presenting the data in the form of representations (i.e. road maps, evacuation routes, etc.) as well as in list or tabular form. The potential impact of the event (i.e. the release of radioactive material) was displayed in the form of a cloud, representing the dispersion of the radioactive material. In addition, an algorithm was developed to assist the manager in assigning response resources to demands.
The capability for modelling the impact of a disaster is discussed briefly, with reference to a system installed in the communities surrounding the Indian Point nuclear power plant in New York State.
Results demonstrate both the technical feasibility of incorporating microcomputers indecision support systems for radiological emergency response, and the acceptance of such systems by those public officials responsible for implementing the response plans. 相似文献
While the paper focuses on a potential disaster resulting from an accident at a commercial nuclear power generating facility, the system can be applied to other disastrous situations. Decisions involving evacuation, shelter and the deployment of resources must be made in response to floods, earthquakes, accidents in the transportation of hazardous materials, and hurricanes to name a few examples.
As a decision aid, the system was designed to enhance data display by presenting the data in the form of representations (i.e. road maps, evacuation routes, etc.) as well as in list or tabular form. The potential impact of the event (i.e. the release of radioactive material) was displayed in the form of a cloud, representing the dispersion of the radioactive material. In addition, an algorithm was developed to assist the manager in assigning response resources to demands.
The capability for modelling the impact of a disaster is discussed briefly, with reference to a system installed in the communities surrounding the Indian Point nuclear power plant in New York State.
Results demonstrate both the technical feasibility of incorporating microcomputers indecision support systems for radiological emergency response, and the acceptance of such systems by those public officials responsible for implementing the response plans. 相似文献
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Seidel G 《Disasters》1993,17(2):133-142
AIDS in Africa is a gender, development and rights issue involving power and differential access to resources. The risk situations for women in stressed development contexts of war, destabilisation and displacement, and the many contexts of transactional sex, are poorly understood by policy makers and the medical community. The dominant epidemiological paradigm has focused on female 'prostitutes' in a number of African cities. The limitations of this approach are discussed, as are the different contextualised meanings of sexual exchange. The importance of women's experience of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV and their perceptions of risk are stressed, as is the need for non-judgmental services linked to primary and comprehensive health care, and for sensitive, qualitative research. It is argued that all women who engage in unprotected penetrative sex are at risk. Most health promotion messages, however, construct an image of women as prostitutes ('Avoid prostitutes') or seek to mobilise women as carers and educators of families and communities. 相似文献
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甘肃河西地区土地荒漠化的现状、成因及其防治 总被引:23,自引:2,他引:21
甘肃省河西地区是我国荒漠化发生最重要的地区之一,其荒漠化主要类型有风蚀漠化、水蚀荒漠化和土壤盐渍化。全区现有各类荒漠化土地21.3万km^2,其中分布最广泛的沙质荒漠化土有17.59万km^2。荒漠化对当地居民的社会经济生活带来了多方面的危害。河西地区荒漠化的形成有其自然和人为两方面的原因;河西地区自然条件恶劣,干旱、风大、沙多、植被稀疏;以及生产实践中、水、土、植被资源等缺乏科学、合理的利用是引起荒漠化的主要原因。为了防治和轻减河西地区的荒漠化,提出了几点防治对策;首先是控制人口增长、提高人口素质;其次是调整产业结构,合理利用资源;第三是加大荒漠化防治的投入,尤其是防沙治沙中资金、科研、人才的投入,建设重点荒漠化防治项目,使河西地区最普遍的沙质荒漠化得到遏制;第四是加强管理,提高科学管理水平,加强执法力度。 相似文献