The condition of coral reefs in South Florida (2000) using coral disease and bleaching as indicators

The destruction of coral reef habitats has occurred at unprecedented levels during the last three decades. Coral disease and bleaching in the Caribbean and South Florida have caused extensive coral mortality with limited recovery, often coral reefs are being replaced with turf algae. Acroporids were once dominant corals and have diminished to the state where they are being considered as endangered species. Our survey assessed the condition of reef corals throughout South Florida. A probability-based design produced unbiased estimates of the spatial extent of ecological condition, measured as the absence or presence and frequency or prevalence of coral diseases and bleaching intensity over large geographic regions. This approach allowed us to calculate a quantifiable level of uncertainty. Coral condition was estimated for 4100 hectares (ha) (or 41.0 km²) of coral reefs in South Florida, including reefs in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS), New Grounds, Dry Tortugas National Park (DTNP), and Biscayne National Park (BNP). The absence or presence of coral disease, causal coral bleaching, partial bleaching and coral paling were not good indicators of overall coral condition. It was more useful to report the prevalence of anomalies that indicated a compromised condition at both the population and community levels. For example, 79% of the area in South Florida had less than 6% of the coral colonies diseased, whereas only 2.2% (97.15 ha) of the sampled area had a maximum prevalence of 13% diseased coral colonies at any single location. The usefulness of causal bleaching might be more important when considering the prevalence of each of the three different states at a single location. For example, paling was observed over the entire area, whereas bleaching and partial bleaching occurred at 19 and 41% of the area, respectively. An index for coral reef condition might integrate the prevalence and species affected by each bleaching state at individual locations. By establishing these baselines, future surveys can examine changes and trends in the spatial distribution of coral conditions in South Florida and able to score the reefs as to their health status.     

河南省地表水环境监测断面优化的原则及其运用

提出和运用了地表水环境监测断面优化的原则,包括网络功能专一化、分类有序优化、监测断面高效、监测断面与监测频率同时优化、监测断面分级管理等。     

谈监测仪器的质量控制标准与维护管理

监测仪器是从事环境监测工作必不可少的工具。我国环保事业对监测仪器的需求量越来越大,仪器也越来越复杂。本文就监测仪器的质量控制标准与管理问题进行了探讨,以求最大限度地发挥监测仪器设备的效能,使我国监测科研工作提高到一个新水平。     

An assessment and monitoring program for birds in the Lower Urubamba region,Peru

We developed an assessment and monitoring plan for birds in connection with the exploration and potential development of a large natural gas field in the Lower Urubamba drainage of Peru, a project of Shell Prospecting and Development Peru (SPDP). Our objectives were to: (1) inventory the birds in the area, including information on habitat use and abundance, and (2) devise long-term monitoring protocols for birds. We sampled birds through a combination of visual and auditory surveys and mist-netting at 4 well sites and 3 sites along the Urubamba and Camisea rivers. We recorded 420 speciesduring 135 days of field work. We consider the highest prioritiesfor a future monitoring program to be: (1) establish whether edge effects are occurring at well sites, along roads and alongthe planned pipeline route and determine the significance and extent of these effects and (2) assess the impact of increased human access to the area on game and other exploited species. The remoteness of the area, its rugged terrain and dense vegetation and the lack of trained personnel limit the choice of survey and monitoring methods. We recommend use of mist-netting and transects for monitoring edge effects and useof transects for monitoring game and other exploited species.     

废水COD在线监测系统现场比对试验及管理的几点建议

通过分析总结辽宁省废水COD在线监测系统试点工作中在线监测系统的安装、验收、现场实际样品的比对分析,以及试运行过程中存在的问题,就今后废水在线监测系统的运行与管理提出相应的建议.     

污染源监测数据的特点及其管理系统的开发与研究

从应用软件开发的角度对污染源监测数据资源进行了详细的分析,在此基础上,对"污染源监测数据管理系统"的设计思想、逻辑结构、模块组成等开发研制中的主要技术问题进行了讨论与介绍。     

随机过程“各态历经”理论应用于环境噪声监测优化布点

本文尝试应用随机过程“各态历经”理论,在大、中、小多个样本中研究城市环境噪声监测的时—空相关性,找出“定点测量法”与“网格测量法”的内在联系,探讨以“定点测量法”取代“网格测量法”进行城市区域环境噪声普查的可行性,从而实现环境噪声监测优化布点及为实现城市环境噪声自动监测布点提供技术依据     

Assesment of Trace Elements and Organic Pollutants from a Marine Oil Complex into the Coral Reef System of Cayo Arcas, Mexico

Possible contaminants produced by the Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX) marine oil complex in the vicinity of the Cayo Arcas (Mexico) coral reef ecosystem were evaluated by analyzing sediments and sea water for hydrocarbons and metal elements. We found that the concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons in the sea water were generally low, with the highest values detected near the oil station; the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was generally below the detection limit. The hydrocarbons found in the sediments seem to have a pyrogenic origin, and were probably produced by marine traffic in the study area. The total PAH concentration did not exceed the NOAA criteria, although levels of some individual PAHs did. The only metal detected in the sea water at high concentrations was nickel. The Ni/V ratio in the sediments indicates the contribution of crude oil to the system. The high content of Ni and Zn was attributed to the ballast waters from the oil tankers that load at the station's monobuoys. The presence of fine sediments that commonly originate from terrestrial ecosystems supported this assumption.     

烟尘测试中测孔位置和测点的合理布置

根据作者长期在监测第一线的实践经验及在烟尘采样中所遇到的一些具体问题,着重提出了诸多不规则烟道的烟尘采样方法及注意事项,既有理论依据,可操作性也强。     

强化突发性环境污染事故应急监测管理

对建立健全突发性环境污染事故应急监测与处置技术支持系统、强化突发性环境污染事故应急监测管理方面进行的一系列研究和指导性工作进行了总结.     

Indices for assessment and monitoring of large mammals within an adaptive management framework

Many development projects intended to exploit natural resourcesare occurring in fragile ecosystems, and therefore the need forsound biodiversity assessment and monitoring programs is growing.Large mammals are important components of these fragile ecosystems, yet there are few strategies that attempt to assess and monitor entire large mammal communities in relation to development projects. We propose the use of two indices applied within a framework of adaptive management. An occurrence indexassesses the composition and distribution of large mammals at a site, and an abundance index monitors the abundance of large mammals over time in relation to development. We discuss the design, applicability and effectiveness of these indices based onour experience with a natural gas development project in the Amazon forests of southeastern Peru.     

环境DNA宏条形码监测水生态系统变化与健康状态

开展快速可靠的水生态监测并预测其变化趋势,对保护水生态环境具有重要的价值。近年来,环境DNA宏条形码技术(简称环境DNA技术)的快速发展弥补了传统形态学生物监测的缺陷,显著提升了水生生物群落的监测能力。与机器学习、遥感和云服务等技术结合,环境DNA技术不仅能大尺度、高频率、高灵敏度、自动化地获取生态监测信息,而且能准确地识别水生态系统的变化趋势,进而改变对水生态系统的认识与管理方式。因此,研究着重总结了环境DNA技术在水生态监测中的应用,分析了环境DNA技术与机器学习、卫星遥感等跨学科合作的潜在机遇,基于环境DNA技术简单、便捷的优势,提出了社会公民参与水环境保护的生态监测新思路。     

日本国家尺度生物多样性监测概况及其启示

为保护地球生物资源,1992年巴西里约热内卢的联合国环境与发展大会签署《生物多样性公约》,1993年正式生效。公约第7条规定了缔约方有履行识别和监测需要保护的重要的生物多样性组成部分之义务。为此,全方位、多层次的生物多样性监测网络在世界各国家和地区得以建立和开展工作。日本作为《生物多样性公约》的缔约国之一,为履约并保护其国内因经济发展而受到严重威胁的自然环境和自然遗产,整合其20世纪70年代开展的“自然环境保护基础调查”和21世纪2003年开始构建的“重要地域生态系统监测网络”,逐步形成了国家尺度的生物多样性监测体系。根据日本生物多样性中心公布的信息与数据,介绍了日本国家尺度生物多样性监测的两项主要工作,即自然环境保护基础调查和重要地域生态系统监测网络;总结了日本国家生物多样性监测的发展历程和主要特点;提出了加强中国生物多样性监测工作的建议。     

中国水中油类监测存在的问题与解决办法研究

通过调查和实验研究 ,对我国油类监测中存在的诸如采样、提取、使用的油标准及监测方法选择等问题进行了分析。并对质控要求、油的概念等监测中存在的一系列问题提出了解决办法。     

Multiscale Spatial and Small-Scale Temporal Variation in the Composition of Riverine Fish Communities

We studied the multiscale (sites, river reaches and rivers) and short-term temporal (monthly) variability in a freshwater fish assemblage. We found that small-scale spatial variation and short-term temporal variability significantly influenced fish community structure in the Macquarie and Namoi Rivers. However, larger scale spatial differences between rivers were the largest source of variation in the data. The interaction between temporal change and spatial variation in fish community structure, whilst statistically significant, was smaller than the variation between rivers. This suggests that although the fish communities within each river changed between sampling occasions, the underlying differences between rivers were maintained. In contrast, the strongest interaction between temporal and spatial effects occurred at the smallest spatial scale, at the level of individual sites. This means whilst the composition of the fish assemblage at a given site may fluctuate, the magnitude of these changes is unlikely to affect larger scale differences between reaches within rivers or between rivers. These results suggest that sampling at any time within a single season will be sufficient to show spatial differences that occur over large spatial scales, such as comparisons between rivers or between biogeographical regions.     

江苏环境监测:创新与务实的典范

近年来,江苏省环境监测工作在监测能力建设、机构队伍建设、基础技术工作、体制机制创新、两个文明建设等方面取得了长足进步,为总结并推广江苏的经验,文章着重阐述了江苏省环境监测工作取得的成绩及其主要做法,并提出了向江苏学习的具体要求。     

小议火电厂总量减排核查要点

从资料核查、在线监测设备核查、集控系统核查及现场核查4个环节详细介绍了火电厂总量减排现场核查的要点。对核查中出现的问题进行总结及分析,为同类环境管理工作提供参考。     

论建设项目"三同时"验收监测的性质与作用

介绍了我国建设项目"三同时"管理制度的技术支持工作--"三同时"验收监测,分析论述了"三同时"验收监测的性质与作用.     

Real time remote monitoring of air pollutants and their online transmission to the web using internet protocol

Recent advances in both information and sensor technologies have enabled the development of Real Time Remote Monitoring (RTRM) capabilities for environmental management. An online and real time remote monitoring system for air pollution has been designed and installed at a traffic police station at Punjagutta in Hyderabad, India. The system is optimized using electrochemical sensors and a real time particulate matter analyzer. The system also monitors meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, barometric pressure, wind speed and wind direction. The system periodically monitors both pollution and meteorological parameters at pre- programmed intervals of hr during peak periods and 1 hr during non peak periods of the day and continuously uploads to a predestinated web site (www.appcb.org/home.htm) using File Transfer Protocol. The web site renders a quick, simple and graphical display of air pollution levels and meteorological parameters and their significance to humans. The present paper highlights design considerations of a pollution monitoring system, system hardware and software requirements and practical limitations and future directions for real time remote monitoring of air pollution.     

关于编制环境监测科技发展"十五"规划的几点考虑

结合我国环境监测科研发展现状,就编制"环境监测科技发展‘十五'计划与2015年远景规划"需要考虑的几个方面进行了阐述,如重大环境问题、环境监测科技需求、发展目标、发展方向与优先领域以及重大项目等.希望对有关部门进行环境监测科技发展规划的编制和进一步讨论有所裨益.