土地整理与农村生态环境

在对土地整理的产生与内涵进行简要介绍的基础上,阐述了土地整理的生态环境效益,提出了土地整理中应注意的几个生态环境建设问题。     

城市生态环境质量评价系统的研究与开发——以沈阳市为例

采用层次分析法作为评价方法,利用加Microsoft Visual Basic6.0开发了城市生态环境质量评价信息系统。系统分6个模块,评价指标体系模块、评价标准体系模块、评价权重体系模块、现状值模块、结果值模块和数据综合信息模块。具有数据编辑、打分评价、数据报表和专家支持4种主要功能。应用该系统对沈阳“九五”末期城市生态环境质量进行评价,结果显示沈阳市城市生态环境质量一般。     

海南岛生态环境质量分析评价

运用遥感和地理信息系统等技术,按照景观生态学的原理,对海南生态环境现状进行了评价,并对近十年来的变化进行了对比分析。结果表明,海南生态环境质量由中部向外依次降低,天然林从数量上看面积在减少,从空间上看沿着边缘线向中部山区退缩。另外,土地沙化／土地退化在向着恢复逆转的方向发展。     

两种评价森林资源生态环境效益计量方法的比较

对评价森林资源生态环境效益的 2种方法进行了比较 ,阐述了这 2种方法的优缺点 ,通过案例分析可知 :森林资源环境效果评价法获得的评价值大 ,而意愿调查法的评价值小 ,并说明了导致这 2种方法评价值不同的原因。     

基于层次分析-模糊综合模型的矿山地质生态环境评价研究

针对西北生态脆弱区的矿山地质生态环境,综合考虑其现状和演变趋势、治理难度及抗干扰能力,应用层次分析法和模糊综合法开展矿山地质生态环境评价研究.结果表明:靖远县105座矿山中,地质生态环境影响严重的矿山13座,占比12.38％;影响较严重的矿山6座,占比5.71％;影响较轻的矿山39座,占比37.14％;影响轻微的矿山4...     

试论我国农村土地产权制度对农村生态环境的影响

以产权理论为基础,通过对产权制度与人们资源利用行为的分析,探讨了我国农地产权制度对农村生态环境的影响,提出了解决生态环境问题的若干土地产权制度调整的框架性措施。     

海南岛生态环境质量分析评价

运用遥感和地理信息系统等技术 ,按照景观生态学的原理 ,对海南生态环境现状进行了评价 ,并对近十年来的变化进行了对比分析。结果表明 ,海南生态环境质量由中部向外依次降低 ,天然林从数量上看面积在减少 ,从空间上看沿着边缘线向中部山区退缩。另外 ,土地沙化 /土地退化在向着恢复逆转的方向发展。     

三峡库区生态环境综合评价与聚类分析

三峡库区是我国水土流失比较严重的地区之一,面临着生物多样性下降、生态系统功能降低、农业非点源污染加剧、岸边污染带扩大、水质恶化等一系列的环境问题。本文在建立生态环境综合评价指标体系的基础上,根据三峡库区不同地区生态环境问题的相似性和差异性,促进了聚类分析。根据聚类分析结果可以将该区19个县市区划分为7类地区。     

建筑生态环境质量评价的定量研究

建筑学的发展体现了社会对建筑物的新要求，一方面表现对建筑物与环境的适宜性上的要求；另一方面表现在对建筑物的评价定量化要求。引入系统工程理论，将建筑与环境结合起来，初步研究影响建筑物利用诸因子的影响力，并从中提取主导要素建立建筑生态环境质量评价体系，定量分析，为实践服务。     

广西柳城县农业生态环境的定量评价

建立了包括生态资源、人类驱动和系统响应3方面17个指标在内的农业生态环境定量评价指标体系,结合广西柳城县的实际情况,运用模糊综合评价模型,对当地农业生态环境进行定量评价。结果表明,柳城县农业生态环境质量属于一般水平,当地自然生态条件较好,虽受人类活动影响较大,但生态系统运行依然正常。该评价结果与当地实际情况相符,表明该评价指标体系具有较强的科学性和实用性。依据评价结果,提出了改善柳城县农业生态环境的对策和建议。     

模糊评价方法在高校心理朋辈辅导员绩效评价中的应用

朋辈辅导作为现代大学生心理健康教育的新途径,符合高校心理卫生工作发展趋势.通过应用层次分析法和模糊数学的相关知识,将定性分析与定量研究相结合来进行研究,建立大学生心理朋辈辅导员工作的绩效考核模型并进行实证研究,对全面推展朋辈辅导有着积极的意义.     

东北地区生态环境态势及其可持续发展对策

阐述了东北地区存在的主要生态环境问题,分析了未来发展趋势,并从可持续发展视角提出了相关对策。研究表明,东北地区可采森林资源枯竭,荒漠化严重,黑土质量退化,湿地萎缩,城市河段水质污染严重,大城市大气污染严重,部分地区酸雨问题突出,资源型城市矿山环境问题严重;而受全球环境变化影响、振兴东北政策驱动以及某些新的污染问题的凸显,未来东北地区生态环境仍存在恶化趋势。今后须结合东北地区实际,完善生态环境监测体系,加强科学系统研究;加大技术创新力度,大力发展循环经济;转变经济增长方式,推进产业结构优化升级;营造绿色文化,加强基础制度建设;实施重大工程措施,加大生态环境保护与恢复力度。从总体上促进生态环境可持续发展,保障老工业基地全面振兴。     

围填海工程对海洋资源影响评价——以曹妃甸为例

分析了受围填海工程影响的海洋资源及其影响程度,构建了用于评价围填海工程对海洋资源产生影响程度的指标体系。利用层次分析法(AHP)分别给出了主要受影响资源为港航资源、旅游资源和渔业资源的一级评价指标权重,在主要受影响资源为港航资源中,港航资源、旅游资源、空间资源和其他资源的权重分别为47.95%、11.99%、21.01%、11.99%、7.06%;利用德尔菲法通过三轮专家咨询给出了二级评价指标权重,分析评价了曹妃甸围填海工程对海洋资源的影响。结果表明曹妃甸围填海工程对其海洋资源有一定的影响,该海域对围填海工程的影响尚处于可承受范围,可以进行适度的围填海工程。     

Practical evaluation for water utilities in China by using analytic hierarchy process

The risk of water utilities would include the water quality failure and the water quantity failure, from the source to the tap, including the catchment, treatment, distribution and the customer plumbing system. In this paper, we proposed a practical evaluation method based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The hierarchical structure of the water utilities was established in terms of the fault event analysis from the past failure accidents. The severity of criteria was preset by the experts and the probability of criteria was determined by a modified CUWA-TSM sheet with the consideration of the actual situations of the supply system. The evaluation model was successfully performed by a case study. Although, the method in this paper may not be as good as the framework of WSPs, it has a great advantage compared to WSPs and TSM. The risk management can be applied through specific software packages with a user-friendly interface, which means it is easier to implement. In addition, it can point out the critical control points (CCPs) for the decision-makers. So we believe this method will improve and play a more and more active role in the development of the risk management in China water works.     

传统生存方式变迁对农村环境的影响

随着农村社会经济的发展,农户的生存方式开始逐步由传统的生存方式逐步转变为现代的生存方式。在具体的案例研究过程中,我们既可以看到传统生存方式的环境友好的一面,也可以看到传统生存方式变迁过程中农户经济行为变化对于农村环境的不利影响。与此同时,社会经济发展过程中,新的现代生产生活要素的介入,在不断使农户的生活逐步走向现代化的同时,也带来了种种环境问题。总之,农村环境问题的产生既有传统生存方式本身存在的问题,也来自于生存方式变迁过程中新的外部物质的介入,因此,对于农村环境的改善需要同时从这两方面着手,在改善农户生存方式的同时,更要从根本上控制外部的污染物质的介入。     

生态宜居城市建设指标与评价方法——以天津市为例

将定量指标与定性指标融为一体,从城市经济、文化教育、基础设施、生态环境和社会保障5个方面,构建生态宜居城市指标体系,并整合层次分析法（AHP）和风玫瑰图法,进行生态宜居化程度综合评价与分析。以天津市为例进行研究,结果显示本文所建立的指标体系能够客观地反映城市的生态宜居建设情况,并能根据评价结果分析出城市的发展潜力与存在...     

Review of challenges and strategies for balanced urban–rural environmental protection in China

With the rise of environmentalism in China, great efforts have been devoted to environmental protection over the past several decades. Compared with urban environmental protection, rural environmental protection has not been attached enough importance in China due to the dual-track structure of socio-economic development. As a result, rural China is shouldering disproportionally heavy environmental burdens partly because of the differences and biases between urban and rural environmental protection seen in environmental policies, environmental rights and interests, environmental protection investment, and the environmental protection awareness of people. To eliminate the gap between rural and urban environmental protection, and achieve the goal of “balanced urban–rural environmental protection” (BUREP), government should consider mapping out proper policies and strategies. In this paper we put forward an innovative strategy of BUREP against the background of China’s urban-rural environmental protection. First, we review the current status of rural environmental protection status and its challenges compared with urban environmental protection in China. Secondly, we analyzed the main driving factors and reasons deeply, and then we put forward the BUREP strategy base on the unequal status between urban and rural environment. Finally, we proposed the framework of BUREP. This study may serve as a scientific reference regarding decision-making in coordinating urban and rural environmental protection and in constructing the new countryside of China.     

Evaluating the eco-environment benefit of land reclamation in the dump of an opencast coal mine

Land reclamation significantly affects the ecological and environmental conditions of mining areas. However, quantifying the exact effects is difficult because of the lack of reliable data. The estimation of eco-environment benefit contributes to clarify the ecological and environmental changes caused by land reclamation and to provide useful information for policy-makers concerned with sustainable development. The aim of this study is to investigate variations in eco-environment benefit in response to land use changes during land reclamation. The West dump, one of the earliest regions to implement ecological restoration in Liaoning Province, is selected as the study area. The widely used methods for eco-environment benefits based on the land use change were proposed and applied to the West dump in 2004, 2009, and 2014. The total eco-environment benefits in study areas were 0.98 million dollars in 2004, 1.39 million dollars in 2009, and 1.43 million dollars in 2014, with an increase of 0.41 million dollars from 2004 to 2009 mainly because of the increasing areas of artificial woodland and reclaimed cropland. The combined eco-environment benefits of artificial woodland, improved grassland, and reclaimed cropland were over 90% of the total benefits. Soil formation and protection, biodiversity protection, and gas regulation were the top three functions with high eco-environment benefits, contributing about half of the total eco-environment benefits. The results suggest that future studies estimating eco-environment benefits should pay more attention to ecosystems in fragile ecological regions where various human interferences happen frequently. All of the abovementioned results made the techniques of estimation of the eco-environment benefit of land reclamation are more meaningful in guiding the future exploitation and reclamation of mining areas.     

高速公路绿化综合效益评价体系

高速公路绿化效益的高低是衡量绿化工程质量优劣的关键因素,而缺乏成熟、规范的高速公路绿化综合效益评价体系是导致高速公路绿化失败的主要原因。通过对现有绿化效益评价方法进行总结与分析,发现层次分析法(AHP)是评价高速公路绿化综合效益科学合理的方法。本研究拟采用AHP法,采用专家调查论证的方式,建立了评价指标体系及各层次相关元素的权重值,构建绿化效益评价的基础模型,实现对不同高速公路、同一高速公路的不同路域、不同植物配置模式等的综合绿化效益的评价及比较,促进绿化质量的提高。使高速公路绿化工程建设管理走向规范化。