Thelytokous parthenogenesis by queens in the dacetine ant Pyramica membranifera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Thelytokous parthenogenesis in which diploid females are produced from unfertilized eggs, was recently reported for some ant species. Here, we document thelytokous reproduction by queens in the polygynous species Pyramica membranifera. Queens that emerged in the laboratory were kept with or without workers under laboratory conditions. Independent colony founding was successful for a few queens if prey was provided. All artificial colonies, which started with a newly emerged queen and workers produced new workers and some of the colonies also produced female sexuals. Some of the female sexuals shed their wings in the laboratory and started formation of new polygynous colonies. Workers had no ovaries and thus, were obligatorily sterile.     

浅谈化验室采样过程中的HSE管理

简要分析化验室采样过程中存在的问题，并就如何对石化化验室采样过程实行HSE管理提出一些具体的管理办法。     

化学实验室的危险化学品安全管理

针对国内连续发生的危险化学品事故,分析了化学实验室(或分析室、化验室)所存在的安全隐患,提出了加强实验室安全管理的措施.     

流程图在环境监测实验室的应用实例研究

环境监测实验室工作复杂且有难度,在实际操作过程中存在职责不明、缺乏统一流程管理等问题。将企业先进的流程管理理念应用于环境监测实验室,按人、机、料、法、环、测等因素对实验室日常工作进行了梳理和分析,以其中三项有代表性的工作流程（样品管理、仪器设备验收管理和人员持证上岗管理）为例绘制工作流程图,并提出了流程图的管理建议和发展趋势,给新形势、新常态下环境监测系统面临的转型提供一些管理建议,让科学的管理为环境监测工作服务。     

环境监测实验室空气中汞污染与防治

采用冷原子吸收法,使用便携式测汞仪对实验室空气中汞的浓度进行测定,监测结果表明,环境监测实验室空气中汞的污染较为严重,主要来源于COD、氨氮、大气中氨及汞样品测定时含汞试剂及汞标液的使用和含汞废液的排放。根据对监测结果的评价和分析提出了相应的防治措施,提醒实验室的管理及分析人员,要增强环境保护意识,加强实验室的管理,减少含汞及其它有毒废液的排放,改善实验室的环境空气质量,保护分析人员的身体健康。     

环境监测LIMS系统建设中的问题剖析

以江苏省环境监测中心LIMS系统的建设为参考,介绍了系统的主要功能和业务流程,总结了在这个过程中实际出现的问题并剖析了原因,同时提出了合理化的解决方法和建议,可为需要开展LIMS系统建设的实验室提供借鉴。     

萃取法处理烤鳗废水

对某公司烤鳗废水进行了实验室研究,通过改进萃取装置和萃取方式,在实验室内取得了良好的鳗油回收效果,回收率达到了95％以上。在实际工程处理中采用“萃取-SBR-中和-吸附”处理工艺,回收水中大部分的鳗油,萃取剂循环使用,处理后的废水回用于生产或实现达标排放,取得了良好的效果,产生了较好的经济效益。     

Foraging ants trade off further for faster: use of natural bridges and trunk trail permanency in carpenter ants

Trail-making ants lay pheromones on the substrate to define paths between foraging areas and the nest. Combined with the chemistry of these pheromone trails and the physics of evaporation, trail-laying and trail-following behaviours provide ant colonies with the quickest routes to food. In relatively uniform environments, such as that provided in many laboratory studies of trail-making ants, the quickest route is also often the shortest route. Here, we show that carpenter ants (Camponotus rufipes), in natural conditions, are able to make use of apparent obstacles in their environment to assist in finding the fastest routes to food. These ants make extensive use of fallen branches, twigs and lianas as bridges to build their trails. These bridges make trails significantly longer than their straight line equivalents across the forest floor, but we estimate that ants spend less than half the time to reach the same point, due to increased carriage speed across the bridges. We also found that these trails, mainly composed of bridges, are maintained for months, so they can be characterized as trunk trails. We suggest that pheromone-based foraging trail networks in field conditions are likely to be structured by a range of potentially complex factors but that even then, speed remains the most important consideration.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室的建立与发展研究

在使用国家推荐标准方法《空气质量恶臭的测定三点比较式臭袋法》（GB／T14675—93）测定恶臭气体浓度时,环节较多较繁杂,需要人工配气和人工嗅辨,监测过程中使用的器材、设备较多,因此容易引入误差。笔者建议从器材设备、实验室布局、嗅辨员选择等方面加强质量管理,通过严格执行相关标准,规范配气和嗅辨环节,加强质量控制等措施建立标准、规范的实验室,以提高监测结果的准确性。文章也简要介绍了国内外针对该方法监测过程中人工配气、人工嗅辨、人工计算的三大环节所开展的探索。     

氟代有机物的环境影响及其降解

氟代有机物应用日益广泛。其环境影响也逐渐引起人们的关注。本文综述了几类氟代有机物的环境影响和降解途径。氯氟烃破坏臭氧层，其替代物氢氯氟烃和氢氟烃却被认为可加重温室效应。两类物质分别在同温层和对流层氧化降解。不挥发性氟代有机物中全氟有机物难脱氟降解，但并非生物惰性。     

高校物理实验室的安全管理

在教学改革的进程中,各高校对加强实验室建设都非常重视。随着实验设备的增加,实验工作的增大以及参与实验的人员增多,使得实验室的安全管理、事故预防等工作变得非常重要。本文对高校物理实验室的特点及可能发生的主要安全事故进行分析,提出了几点安全管理措施,以便能使安全事故的发生降到最低限度。     

各级实验室科学管理模式探析

以沈阳大学生物与环境工程学院为例,研究探索了充分发挥本科教学实验室、辽宁省重点实验室、教育部国家重点实验室在培养大学生创新能力中的作用和科学管理模式。     

环境监测站实施国家室认可的可行性探讨

介绍了国家实验室认可机构的建立，资质以及国家实验室认可准则的依据等概况。阐述了各级环境监测站在环境监测中实施ISO标准的必要性，实施国家实验室认可的可行性，以及相应的操作流程，简略评述了实施国家实验室认可对环境监测站的作用。     

Run for your life,but bite for your rights? How interactions between natural and sexual selection shape functional morphology across habitats

A central issue in evolutionary biology is how morphology, performance, and habitat use coevolve. If morphological variation is tightly associated with habitat use, then differences in morphology should affect fitness through their effect on performance within specific habitats. In this study, we investigate how evolutionary forces mold morphological traits and performance differently given the surrounding environment, at the intraspecific level. For this purpose, we selected populations of the lizard Podarcis bocagei from two different habitat types, agricultural walls and dunes, which we expected to reflect saxicolous vs ground-dwelling habits. In the laboratory, we recorded morphological traits as well as performance traits by measuring sprint speed, climbing capacity, maneuverability, and bite force. Our results revealed fast-evolving ecomorphological variation among populations of P. bocagei, where a direct association existed between head morphology and bite performance. However, we could not establish links between limb morphology and locomotor performance at the individual level. Lizards from walls were better climbers than those from dunes, suggesting a very fast evolutionary response. Interestingly, a significant interaction between habitat and sex was detected in climbing performance. In addition, lizards from dunes bit harder than those from walls, although sexual differentiation was definitely the main factor driving variation in head functional morphology. Taking into account all the results, we found a complex interaction between natural and sexual selection on whole-organism performance, which are, in some cases, reflected in morphological variation.     

高校实验室废水处理及污染防治措施评价初探

随着经济的发展和科技的进步,我国高等院校新建及扩建项目在环评工作中越来越多,而高等院校进行的科研实验所产生的实验室废水是高等院校新建扩建环境评价废水影响中的重大环境污染因素,故实验室废水的处理及污染防治措施评价是高校新扩建项目环境影响评价的评价重点,文章对高校实验室废水的来源、种类及特性进行了分类,同时对不同性质的实验室废水的处理及污染防治措施评价做了综合论述。     

土壤酸沉降缓冲机制的探讨

选取南方主要酸沉降区土壤作模拟酸雨淋溶实验,分析在酸雨作用下各土壤盐基离子的淋溶特性,硅、铝元素的释放规律及淋出液的 pH值变化特点。在此基础上,对土壤酸沉降的缓冲机制进行了探讨。      

测定石油类几个关键试剂的探讨

通过对红外分光光度法测量污水石油类项目过程中是否需要使用氯化钠和无水硫酸钠试剂进行分析探讨,为优化实验室石油类检测提供一点建议。     

实验室含铅、镉废水的处理方法探究

文章报道了利用一种新型的环境矿物材料一羟基磷灰石处理实验室高浓度铅、镉污水的方法,该方法与《环境水质监测质量保证手册》中的消石灰处理法相比具有去除速度快、经济有效、无二次污染、安全环保等显著优点。本文还采用消石灰处理法对一次处理后的废水的上清液进行二次处理,这样能使实验室含高浓度的铅、镉废水,在处理后达到地表水三级质量标准。     

Possible steps to follow for filling the gap between requirements and the real condition in tanneries

The tannery industry, as one of most important industrial activities, faced more dilemmas at the fall of communistic era:

• -Can the branch keep a leading position for the exported products at the national level, under a de-centralized system?
• -Can the industry comply with the new, more stringent environmental legislation?
• -How far is this industrial branch from the European BAT/BATNEC?

Facing a completely new perspective for their development, many industrial units had a limited margin for manoeuvre and those not enough flexible had to shut down.“Economic survival whatever the price” has been the mantra for some good years. The newly presented EU legislation has been raising many difficult and complex problems for the units that managed to survive that they need to prioritize their improvement actions.Combining Cleaner Production (CP) measures with laboratory research for technology upgrades can have a synergistic effect for improving environmental performance and decrease resource consumption. The effects were evaluated for more experimented measures, such as better process control, toxics use reduction, and source separation of wastes. The results demonstrate that real improvements of environmental performance can be achieved and the indicators that were utilized have values that are comparable with those published for “advanced” processes practiced in EU.     

Short- and long-range cues used by ground-dwelling parasitoids to find their host

Parasitoids of phytophagous insects face a detectability–reliability dilemma when foraging for hosts. Plant-related cues are easily detectable, but do not guarantee the presence of the host. Host-related cues are very reliable, but much harder to detect from a distance. Little is known in particular about the way coleopteran parasitoid females use these cues when foraging for a suitable place to lay their eggs. The question is of interest because, unlike hymenopteran larvae, coleopteran parasitoid larvae are highly mobile and able to forage for hosts on their own. We assessed whether females of the parasitoid rove beetle Aleochara bipustulata (L.) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) are attracted to plant (Swede roots, Brassica napus) and host-related cues [pupae of the cabbage root fly Delia radicum (L.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)]. In the field, A. bipustulata adult females were captured in selective pitfall traps containing pieces of roots damaged by D. radicum larvae, but not in traps containing pieces of healthy roots or D. radicum pupae. However, in the laboratory, the odour of D. radicum pupae attracted A. bipustulata females to mini-pitfalls. Video monitoring in the laboratory showed that foraging A. bipustulata females preferred a zone containing D. radicum pupae and larval tracks rather than one containing an extract of D. radicum-infested roots. Our results suggest a behavioural sequence where A. bipustulata females use plant-related cues at a distance, but then switch their preference to host-related cues at a close range. This would be the first observation of this behaviour in coleopteran parasitoids.