原位处理技术在黑臭底泥治理中的应用

文章综述了我国黑臭水体底泥处理现状及风险,揭示了黑臭底泥形成的原因及消除黑臭的机理,提出了一种无需清淤就可以消除底泥黑臭的原位处理技术.文章还列举了我国采用原位修复技术的成功案例,综合分析了原位治理技术的优势,展望了原位治理技术在我国的市场需求及应用前景.     

沈阳市新开河底泥对水体黑臭的关键影响因子研究

对新开河沿河11个点位的底泥进行取样监测,并对监测数据进行分析,筛选底泥中对水体黑臭造成影响的关键因子.结果显示,底泥污染是黑臭水体的重要污染源之一,底泥的含水率是底泥处置的关键考虑因素;重金属和砷是底泥资源化利用的关键因子;总氮、总磷和有机质之间关系密切且有较好的同源性.     

水体底泥对污染物的吸附-解吸机理的研究

水体底泥污染已经成为世界范围内的一个重要的环境问题,其污染物主要通过大气沉降、废水排放、雨水淋溶冲刷等进入水体,最后沉积到底泥中并逐渐富集,使底泥受到严重污染。吸附-解吸是底泥污染的重要过程,为了控制水体底泥污染,对底泥对各种污染物的吸附-解吸机理及其影响因素的研究显得极其重要。本文总结了底泥中氮、磷和重金属等的吸附-解吸的影响因素及机理,对今后水体底泥污染方面的研究具有重要意义。     

重金属污染底泥稳定化/固化技术应用

稳定化/固化修复技术具有修复周期短、见效快、易操作、费用低等优点,是重金属污染修复的常用技术之一。以含锰、镍、钴复合重金属污染底泥为研究对象,配制、筛选出有效的稳定化/固化药剂,优化该工程污染底泥的施工技术参数及条件。在研究的基础上,使污染底泥达到修复目标值,降低其生物有效性。工程的实施为含锰、镍、钴等复合重金属污染介质的修复工程提供了技术参考。     

复合酶生物促进剂在底泥生物修复中的应用

通过测定河道底泥中微生物的生化呼吸线来表征复合酶生物促进剂对河道自净过程的影响。研究结果表明复合酶生物促进剂对微生物具有激活作用,使微生物的累积耗氧量明显增加,有效地提升了水体的自净能力。复合酶生物促进剂能够有效地修复受萘污染的底泥,修复后底泥中多环芳烃萘的释放量和有机质的含量均明显低于对照样,并可显著降低底泥对上覆水...     

深圳市前海铁石片区沿江河涌污染特征及对策分析

城市河涌黑臭水治理是新时代提高居民生活水平的重要环节,以深圳前海铁石片区沿江河涌为研究对象,采用化学元素分析、X射线衍射及电化学氧化技术对河涌水体、底泥进行微观测试与分析,研究影响河涌水体及底泥污染的主要因素,探索快速降低河涌水体氨氮指标的方法.研究结果显示铁石片区河涌水体黑臭主要指标是氨氮、总磷等有机类污染物,无机重...     

矩阵生态工程系统技术修复富营养化水体的优越性

生态修复技术是修复富营养化水体最值得推荐的一种无污染的绿色修复技术。本文阐述了矩阵生态工程系统技术按照仿生学原理和自然规律,依据物质守恒和能量守恒定律创造性地把水生植物、水生动物和水体中的微生物科学地有机组合在一起,同时把水生态修复和生态生产相结合达到在修复富营养化水体的同时产出财富和提供就业,实现生态效益、经济效益、社会效益和景观效益的和谐统一。     

湖库底泥疏浚工程环评技术要点

底泥疏浚是治理污染水体的重要手段之一,通过对污染底泥的疏浚,可清除内污染源。作为环境治理工程,在水资源和水环境保护方面具有重要作用,但是工程实施过程中将不可避免地要产生一些污染物,同时也会造成水体水生生态系统的破坏。本文结合国内已完成的滇池、巢湖、太湖底泥疏浚工程的环境影响报告,对此类项目环境影响评价的技术要点进行探索和分析,为开展类似项目环评提供借鉴。     

城区富营养化景观水体的生物修复技术

生物修复技术在富营养化景观水体中有其独特的应用价值,本文综述了生物操纵控藻技术、植物控藻技术和微生物控藻技术的研究现状,讨论和展望了不同生物修复技术相互结合在水体修复中的作用.     

梁塘河底泥污染特征及资源化利用分析

梁塘河作为城市河道,其底泥的主要污染物为营养物质和重金属。营养物质中全磷的含量较为丰富,达到了二级营养水平;重金属中铜的污染程度最大,其次为铬、镉和铅。根据污染物垂直分布分析,其含量普遍在20~40cm泥层最高,在40~60cm泥层最低,因此最佳清淤深度为50cm左右。针对清淤后的底泥,从可行性和经济性两个方面分析各种底泥资源化利用方法,认为直接施用于城市公园建设和湖滨带修复是梁塘河底泥方便可行、成本低廉的资源化利用手段,且满足城市可持续发展的需求。     

Potential for enhanced phytoremediation of landfills using biosolids – a review

Despite the use of recyclable materials increasing worldwide, waste disposal to landfill remains the most common method of waste management because it is simple and relatively inexpensive. Although landfill disposal is an effective waste management system, if not managed correctly, a number of potential detrimental environmental impacts have been identified including soil and ground water contamination, leachate generation, and gas emissions. In particular, improper post-closure treatment of landfills or deterioration of the conventional clay landfill capping were shown to result in land degradation which required remediation to secure contaminants within the landfill site.Phytoremediation is an attractive technology for landfill remediation, as it can stabilize soil and simultaneously remediate landfill leachate. In addition, landfill phytoremediation systems can potentially be combined with landfill covers (Phytocapping) for hydrological control of infiltrated rainfall. However, for the successful application of any phytoremediation system, the effective establishment of appropriate, desired vegetation is critical. This is because the typically harsh and sterile nature of landfill capping soil limits the sustainable establishment of vegetation. Therefore, the physicochemical properties of landfill capping soils often need to be improved by incorporating soil amendments. Biosolids are a common soil amendment and will often meet these demanding conditions because they contain a variety of plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, as well as a large proportion of organic matter. Such amendment will also ameliorate the physical properties of the capping soils by increasing porosity, moisture content, and soil aggregation. Contaminants which potentially originate from biosolids will also be remediated by activities congruent with the establishment of plants and bacteria.     

油田污水过滤罐含油污染滤料再生技术

大庆油田污水处理系统产生的含油污染滤料,经过含油污染滤料再生工艺化学清洗、烘干、分筛、磁浮选等程序处理后,各种再生滤料重复使用于油田污水处理系统,清洗过程中产生的污水经自然沉降、旋流除砂、重力式过滤、杀菌和有机物降解处理后循环使用。减少油田含油污染滤料带来的环境污染,为油田节约了新滤料采购费用、废旧滤料集中堆放和处置费用。     

川西北高寒草地沙化土壤特征及治理模式探讨——以阿坝州红原县为例

通过对川西北高寒草地不同类型的沙化样地0—10cm,10～20cm和20～30cm土壤有机质、pH和含水量进行分析。结果表明：（1）随着沙化程度加重,土壤有机质含量和土壤含水量明显降低;（2）随着土层深度增加,土壤有机质含量降低;未沙化、轻度沙化样地的土壤含水量随土层深度增加而降低,重度沙化样地则相反;（3）中度和重度沙化样地土壤pH约7．0,未沙化和轻度沙化pH值在6．5左右;沙地土壤有机质与pH值呈显著负相关关系,沙化土壤有机碳与水分损失是一个正反馈。鉴于川西高寒草地特殊环境,探讨了选用适宜的多年生高原药用植物或者其他高价值资源植物作为固沙材料,将治沙与经济发展相结合,建立高寒沙化草地治理模式。     

介孔材料在水处理中的应用

介孔材料由于具有一系列独特的性质,如较高比表面积、较大且连续可调的孔径等,使其在化工、医药、环境保护、纳米功能材料等领域得到了广泛的研究和应用。本文从介孔材料作为吸附剂和催化剂两个方面综述了其在水处理中的应用,并对应用中存在的问题和前景作了分析。     

电解金属锰工艺清洁生产初探

以国内某金属锰龙头企业为例,从工艺流程、设备选型、原材料与能源、尾渣回收、中水回用等方面来分析,提出清洁生产的建议与措施,以期为电解金属锰的工艺改进提供科学的依据,对电解锰行业清洁生产具有指导意义。     

超临界水氧化中设备腐蚀的研究现状

超临界水氧化（SCWO）技术是近年发展起来的处理有机难溶废物的安全高效的新技术。在阐述超临界水的物理、化学性质的基础上,介绍了SCWO反应的工作原理和流程,分析总结了世界范围内开展的SCWO环境中设备腐蚀及监测技术等方面的研究动态,提出了我国SCWO技术研究的未来发展方向。     

OCCURRENCE OF TOTAL DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS IN UNCONSOLIDATED AQUIFERS AND AQUITARDS IN IOWA1

ABSTRACT: Seven sets of ground water samples from 103 observation wells were analyzed for total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) in four areas and five materials including loess and loess derived alluvium in the Deep Loess Hills of western Iowa, outwash and fractured till adjacent to Clear Lake in north central Iowa, fractured till in central Iowa, and a sand and gravel aquifer in northwest Iowa. Land use in ground water recharge zones in all four areas is dominated by crop or animal production or both. Concentrations of TDP exceeding the minimum laboratory detection limit of 20 μg/l as P were found in all areas and in all materials sampled. Samples from the outwash deposits associated with Clear Lake contained significantly larger concentrations than all other areas and materials with a median of 160 μg/l. Water from fractured till in three areas produced the smallest range of concentrations with a median of 40 μg/l. The mean value of TDP in all sample sets exceeded 50 μg/l, an important ecological threshold that causes increased productivity in lakes and perennial streams and one being considered as a surface water nutrient standard by regulatory agencies. These results clearly show that ground water in essentially all near‐surface aquifers and aquitards discharging to Iowa's streams and lakes is capable of sustaining P concentrations of 50 to 100 μg/l in streams, lakes, and reservoirs. Consequently, even if point discharges and sediment sources of P are substantially reduced, ground‐water discharge to surface water may exceed critical thresholds under most conditions.     

Revegetation Strategies for Bauxite Refinery Residue: A Case Study of Alcan Gove in Northern Territory, Australia

Alumina extraction from bauxite ore with strong alkali produces waste bauxite refinery residue consisting of residue sand and red mud. The amount and composition of refinery residue depend on the purity of the bauxite ore and extraction conditions, and differs between refineries. The refinery residue is usually stored in engineered disposal areas that eventually have to be revegetated. This is challenging because of the alkaline and sodic nature of the residue. At Alcan Gove’s bauxite refinery in Gove, Northern Territory, Australia, research into revegetation of bauxite residue has been conducted since the mid-1970s. In this review, we discuss approaches taken by Alcan Gove to achieve revegetation outcomes (soil capping of refinery residue) on wet-slurry disposal areas. Problems encountered in the past include poor drainage and water logging during the wet season, and salt scalding and capillary rise during the dry season. The amount of available water in the soil capping is the most important determinant of vegetation survival in the seasonally dry climate. Vegetation cover was found to prevent deterioration of the soil cover by minimising capillary rise of alkalinity from the refinery residue. The sodicity and alkalinity of the residue in old impoundments has diminished slightly over the 25 years since it was deposited. However, development of a blocky structure in red mud, presumably due to desiccation, allows root penetration, thereby supplying additional water to salt and alkali-tolerant plant species. This has led to the establishment of an ecosystem that approaches a native woodland.     

基于RS和GIS的成都市水域动态变化分析

利用地理信息系统技术，以1987年和2000年的两期TM遥感影像为数据源，通过重点分析最佳组合波段的选择和水体信息特征提取的图像处理方法，得到这两个时期的成都市水域面积，进而实现水域变化的动态监测，并分析其对环境的影响，以便给水资源开发策略的制定提供科学的依据。     

A binational, supply-side evaluation for managing water quality and invasive fouling species on California's coastal boats

Integrated solutions are needed for sustainable management of risks posed by recreational boats to coastal water quality and ecosystems. Fouling organisms roughen vessel hull surfaces, creating friction that slows sailboats and increases fuel consumption by powerboats. Hull fouling control strategies for recreational boats that are stored in the water may include antifouling hull paints, newer alternative hull coatings, periodic in-water hull cleaning, and excluding propagules by surrounding the boat with a slip liner or raising it above water on a lift. Copper discharged to harbor waters from antifouling paints via passive leaching and in-water hull cleaning may elevate dissolved copper levels above government standards. Invasive species carried among boat-hull fouling organisms may be introduced as boats move among coastal areas. Some of these species tolerate copper in antifouling paints and copper-polluted harbor waters. Policy development must consider supply-side capacity, as well as economic and environmental sustainability, in managing these issues. This paper presents a supply-side evaluation useful in developing policies to co-manage water quality and invasive species risks for recreational boats navigating along the coasts of California, the Baja California peninsula and California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Supply-side perspectives on services, materials, costs, and boat owner behaviors, such as residence and travel patterns, awareness of hull-coating choices and selection of hull coatings, are determined. Analyses include evaluation of risks, risk management capacity and costs, and role of education in risk management. The issues raised are broadly applicable, as they are appearing on research and policy agendas in diverse coastal areas.