我国室内氡污染现状及相关控制标准

氡是仅次于吸烟的第二大致肺癌因素,对人体健康有较大危害。通过对我国室内氡研究的相关文献资料进行的汇总和分析,表明近20年来我国室内氡浓度明显增高,并有继续增高的趋势,讨论了我国室内氡浓度控制标准及相关研究进展,并在此基础上提出了我国室内氡在环境毒理学、污染控制、标准体系方面研究的建议。     

居住环境中氡和氡子体对人群的辐射作用

氡是一种隋性气体,化学性质不活泼。比重约为空气的7.5倍,是已知气体中最重的。氡是放射性元素镭-226的衰变产物,镭是自然界中广泛存在的元素,所以氡也是自然界中广泛存在的。氡放射出α射线而产生一系列子体元素,其中照射剂量最大的要算氡的短寿命子体,它们属固态物质,常悬浮在空气中,形成放射性气溶胶。深入的研究证明,所谓吸入氡的危害,主要是氡子体的危害。在通风不良的条件下,氡子体的增长速度是很快的,一般经     

RAD-7电子氡气检测仪测量时间的探讨

氡浓度测量是氡防护和剂量评价的基础,测量时间对氡测量结果有较大影响。分析RAD-7电子氡气检测仪测量原理,探讨该仪器在不同测量模式下测量时间的要求,对实际测量时间和修正事项提出建议。     

青海省城市放射性废物库氡及子体浓度水平监测

本文采用德国SARAD公司生产的RTM-2100氡／钍测量仪，分别对库房内、库区土壤和库房外空气中氡和库房内氡子体浓度进行了监测，分析了测量结果，并提出了降低氡及其子体对库区工作人员危害的措施建议。     

青岛营房地区土壤氡浓度的调查与评价

根据在营房地区开展的土壤氡浓度的调查工作，以实测结果与地质背景及现场特征分析相结合，推断该地区总体土壤氡浓度及其分布状况。简要叙述了RaA法测氡的基本原理，野外工作方法及数据处理方法；对不同地质单元、不同测量对象、不同人居环境分类的土壤氡浓度进行统计。分析了土壤氡浓度的干扰因素和氡高背景区的分布特征与形成原因，给出了氡高背景区危害的防治对策。     

成都地铁一号线站台内空气中氡浓度分布状况研究

为了解成都地铁车站环境中氡浓度水平,采用Model1027连续测氡仪,对成都地铁1号线,进行抽样监测调查。调查结果表明:成都地铁车站的氡浓度范围为12.4Bq/m3~29.0Bq/m3,平均值为16.6Bq/m3,远低于《地下建筑物氡及其子体控制标准》(GB 16356-1996)的限值;与成都市室外环境中氡浓度相当,低于成都市居室环境中氡浓度;低于全国七城市地铁站点氡浓度平均值。     

无源累积氡法监测成都,自贡环境空气中的氡

本文报道固体核径迹法测定成都、自贡市的环境氡水平。１９９１年在成都市布放探测器４个月，３４个室内测点平均氡浓度３６．６±１７．４Ｂｑ·Ｍ￣－３；２个室外点平均１６．２±４．２ＢｑＭ￣－３。１９９２年在自贡市６个区域布放６７个探测器，６４个测点平均氡浓度４９．２±２４．５Ｂｑ·Ｍ￣－３。有３个测点，探测器上出现局部高密集氡径迹，重要探索，未统计入内。若以上述室内氡平均值和环境氡平均植分别代表两市的全年氡平均水平，并以室内公众成员所受平均氡浓度与年有效剂量关系式计算。成都、自贡市公众成员各自受氡年有效剂量当量为１．１０ｍＳｖ和１．４８ｍＳｖ．     

原地浸矿蒸发池表面氡析出率估算方法研究

基于氡在无孔射气介质中的被动和主动扩散理论,结合天然蒸发池的自然蒸发规律,建立原地浸矿蒸发池表面氡析出率估算方法。并根据我国新疆和内蒙某原地浸矿工程的工程和环境数据资料,及氡析出率监测数据,对估算方法进行初步分析,得出:(1)存在含铀底泥时,蒸发池表面氡析出率随着尾液深度降低逐渐增大;(2)自然蒸发量高的地区,蒸发载带对蒸发池表面氡析出贡献较大;(3)估算结果与实际测量值相比,趋于一致,表明建立的方法可用于原地浸矿蒸发池表面氡析出率估算。     

四川省科学城地区室内氡深度的调查与评价

本文了用固体径选法对四川省科学城地区２９７个监测点进行了为期一年的室内氡浓度调查,测得了生活区室 内氡浓度的年平均值和工作区室内氡浓度的年平均值（５５．４Ｂｑ·ｍ＾－３）。     

环境中氡辐射水平及控制措施分析

近年来,随着社会经济的发展,居民生活不断提高,对居室进行美化装修既成一种时尚。然而由安装（选用劣质材料）而引发的居室辐射水平超标,特别是氡辐射超标问题,已越来越受到人们的关注。为使人们对辐射环境有一基本认识和了解,作者根据多年从事辐射环境监测的经验,对环境空气中氡的性质、来源、辐射水平、危害及室内氡浓度控制措施作一简单分析介绍。     

浅议异(臭)味气体的净化

异（臭）味气体对人体的危害非常严重，尤其是有机化工企业在生产过程中排放的尾气会对周围环境造成严重污染。本文简要介绍了在实验室条件下低温等离子体对异（臭）味气体分子的分解作用及其在工业上的应用实例。     

Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient: Novel tools for analysing seasonal variation of environmental radon gas

Using a methodology derived from Economics, the Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient are introduced as tools for investigating and quantifying seasonal variability in environmental radon gas concentration. While the Lorenz Curve presents a graphical view of the cumulative exposure during the course of the time-frame of interest, typically one year, the Gini Coefficient distils this data still further, to provide a single-parameter measure of temporal clustering. Using the assumption that domestic indoor radon concentrations show annual cyclic behaviour, generally higher in the winter months than in summer, published data on seasonal variability of domestic radon concentration levels, in various areas of the UK, Europe, Asia and North America, are analysed. The results demonstrate significantly different annual variation profiles between domestic radon concentrations in different countries and between regions within a country, highlighting the need for caution in ascribing seasonal correction factors to extended geographical areas. The underlying geography, geology and meteorology of a region have defining influences on the seasonal variability of domestic radon concentration, and some examples of potential associations between the Gini Coefficient and regional geological and geographical characteristics are proposed. Similar differences in annual variation profiles are found for soil-gas radon measured as a function of depth at a common site, and among the activity levels of certain radon progeny species, specifically ²¹⁴Bi deposited preferentially in human body-fat by decay of inhaled radon gas. Conclusions on the association between these observed measures of variation and potential underlying defining parameters are presented.     

硫化氢气体检测方法及安全防范措施＊

文章介绍了硫化氢气体的物理性质、来源及其对人体和设备的危害,阐述国家标准、行业标准所规定的硫化氢气体测定方法及常用快速化学分析方法,介绍了钻井现场常用硫化氢监测仪器,并提出一些人身安全防范措施以及现场急救措施。     

浅析挥发性有机废气治理技术

挥发性有机废气会对环境和人类产生严重危害,已成为我国环境保护工作的重点之一。本文阐述了挥发性有机物的来源及危害,并具体介绍了目前处理挥发性有机物的基本方法,如吸附法、吸收法、冷凝法、燃烧法、生物法等。     

水体重金属污染治理技术研究进展

随着工业的发展和人口的不断增加,重金属废水排放量增加。有毒重金属对环境的严重威胁正逐渐成为全球性问题,不仅对环境造成危害,还威胁着人类的健康。介绍了水体重金属污染现状及危害,综述了目前国内外治理水体重金属污染主要技术的研究进展,指出了微生物治理重金属污染水体的良好应用前景。     

加强饮服业环境污染防治与管理的探讨

文章就饮服行业环境污染状况、成因、危害及如何防治污染与加强行政管理进行了分析阐述     

Beyond the Prevention of Harm: Animal Disease Policy as a Moral Question

European animal disease policy seems to find its justification in a “harm to other” principle. Limiting the freedom of animal keepers—e.g., by culling their animals—is justified by the aim to prevent harm, i.e., the spreading of the disease. The picture, however, is more complicated. Both during the control of outbreaks and in the prevention of notifiable, animal diseases the government is confronted with conflicting claims of stakeholders who anticipate running a risk to be harmed by each other, and who ask for government intervention. In this paper, we first argue that in a policy that aims to prevent animal diseases, the focus shifts from limiting “harm” to weighing conflicting claims with respect to “risks of harm.” Therefore, we claim that the harm principle is no longer a sufficient justification for governmental intervention in animal disease prevention. A policy that has to deal with and distribute conflicting risks of harm needs additional value assumptions that guide this process of assessment and distribution. We show that currently, policies are based on assumptions that are mainly economic considerations. In order to show the limitations of these considerations, we use the interests and position of keepers of backyard animals as an example. Based on the problems they faced during and after the recent outbreaks, we defend the thesis that in order to develop a sustainable animal disease policy other than economic assumptions need to be taken into account.     

大气污染：危害人类健康的“无形杀手”

环境保护是事关人类生存发展的战略性、全球性、世纪性的大课题,而大气污染则城市环境问题的首要问题,作者站在创建“生态环境医学”的制高点上,引证了大量翔实的例症,剖析了大气污染给人类生态环境身健康所带来的种种危害和机理,并从多角度提示了标本兼治大气污染的应急措施,从而疾呼“地球人”要确立科学的发展,坚定地走经济发展、环境保护、生态文明的可持续发展之路,这才是“依法治气”的根本之策。