房地产开发地铁振动传播简化模型研究

已建和待建的多条地铁线位穿过某房地产开发地块,为了防治地铁运行对建筑造成振动环境影响,对廊道内已建地铁线路地下隧道内与地表面的振动情况进行了系统地实地监测,应用现场调查相关结果和测量数据,建立和优化地铁振动预测模型,预测了多条地铁线位对本地块的联合影响,提出减小地铁对本地块影响的对策与措施,最后建议:《环境影响评价技术导则城市轨道交通》(HJ 453—2008)推荐的简化预测模型只是一种简化线性衰减模型,实际振动传播规律更复杂(如远场可能出现振动局部放大);迫切需要新的振动环境标准发布,避免有关项目的环境管理要求偏低;地屏障尤其是蜂窝排桩是控制远场出现振动局部放大、缩小地铁振动影响传播距离、提高沿线土地利用率的有效途径之一。     

房地产开发与环境意识

当前全国各地掀起的房地产业方兴未艾,然而忽视房地产开发中的环境保护意识的短期行为,必将造成未来域市发展的战略失误。文内列举古、今、中、外有关资料并调查了某些城市房地产开发热中忽视环境保护的典型事例,试图对改革开放形势下的房地产业发展方向有所借鉴。     

房地产开发建设项目环境影响评价的新问题探讨

对房地产开发建设项目环境影响评价中出现的新问题进行了识别与分析，提出了需要将建筑节能、室内环境质量影响评价引入建设项目环境影响评价的基本内容，并针对绿色概念的实施机制进行了探讨。讨论了房地产开发建设项目环境影响评价中需要重视的内容。     

房地产开发项目的环境污染和防治措施

随着我国房地产事业的蓬勃发展 ,建设开发过程中的环境问题日益突出 ,如果防治措施不当 ,会对环境造成一定危害。根据房地产开发项目的污染特点 ,分别采取不同的防治措施后 ,可以实现项目开发和环境保护的双赢。     

房地产开发项目的环境污染和防治措施

随着我国房地产事业的蓬勃发展，建设开发过程中的环境问题日益突出，如果防治措施不当，会对环境造成一定危害。根据房地产开发项目的污染特点，分别采取不同的防治措施后，可以实现项目开发和环境保护的双赢。     

城市空气质量达标路线图制定技术方法研究 ——以武汉市为例

城市空气质量达标是《大气污染防治法》的明确要求,也是保障广大人民群众身体健康的重要环境条件。提出了科学制定城市空气质量达标路线图的技术方法,涵盖大气污染关键问题识别与污染成因分析、空气质量改善目标制定、污染防治措施方案以及减排潜力分析等重要技术。以武汉市为例,在科学分析大气污染关键问题和污染成因的基础上制定空气质量达标路线图,提出武汉市空气质量达标应分3步走,并制定了详细的大气污染治理任务措施,为武汉市空气质量达标规划编制提供了重要的技术支撑。     

基于PM2.5全面达标的广东省产业结构调整策略研究

为科学指导广东省进一步开展大气污染综合防治,运用统计分析和空气质量模拟方法,分析广东省实现各城市PM_2.5浓度全面达标的污染物减排需求,尤其是产业结构调整的需求。结合各行业的污染物排放强度,识别广东省加强产业结构优化调整工作需要关注的重点行业领域,并提出相应政策建议。结果表明,仅依靠既定的末端治理和能源、交通结构调整措施无法实现2020年广东省各城市PM_2.5浓度全面达标的目标,产业结构调整在SO₂、NO_x、挥发性有机物（VOCs）的减排中至少需发挥11%～19%的减排贡献作用,重点应针对区域内的非金属矿物制品、电力热力生产和供应、黑色金属冶炼和压延加工、造纸、纺织印染、化学纤维制造等行业进行调控,主动淘汰落后产能。     

超声振动强化膜分离过程机理的研究

膜分离过程中的浓差极化现象是影响膜分离效果的主要因素之一 ,本文探索了利用超声振动的方法来强化膜分离反应过程。首先建立了其动力学模型 ,然后通过试验对其强化机理进行了深入的探讨 ,以达到经济、高效地提高膜分离效果的目的。     

超声振动强化膜分离过程机理的研究

膜分离过程中的浓差极化现象是影响膜分离效果的主要因素之一，本文探索了利用超声振动的方法来强化膜分离反应过程。首先建立了其动力学模型，然后通过试验对其强化机理进行了深入的探讨，以达到经济、高效地提高膜分离效果的目的。     

隔振沟对强夯振动衰减的影响研究

研究了某海堤公路采用夯击法加固公路路基对海堤的振动影响。探讨了不同距离、不同夯击能量、有无隔振沟、不同隔振沟深度情况下夯击振动对海堤坝体的影响和传播规律。结果表明,隔振沟对于表面波的振动加速度有较大的衰减作用,而对于垂直方向的振动衰减不大,复打振动影响较大,隔振沟的深度对隔振效果有明显影响。最后,给出了不同夯击能量下的距离-振幅经验公式。     

An experimental investigation of the effects of nitrogen deposition to Narthecium ossifragum

Narthecium ossifragum (L.) Hudson was subjected to artificial deposition events in three experiments. In the first, a laboratory experiment, 1.0 m nitrate significantly decreased the growth of Narthecium, and the shoot and root nitrogen content of the plants was increased in all enhanced nitrogen treatments. In the second experiment, solutes were applied in situ to a relatively unpolluted upland ombrotrophic mire at concentrations measured in cloud water at a polluted site in England. There was no effect on Narthecium tissue nitrogen concentration due to either ammonium or nitrate applied alone but the shoot nitrogen was significantly increased when the ammonium and nitrate were applied in combination. In the third experiment, a piece of upland ombrotrophic mire from a relatively unpolluted site in North Wales was transplanted to a polluted site in northern England. After two years both the shoots and roots of Narthecium present in the mire showed a higher nitrogen concentration in the transplant compared with the control. These data show that nitrogen supply in the southern Pennines is supra-optimal for Narthecium, which implies that in such situations it (and other species with a similar ecological strategy) would be out-competed by more vigorous species. The data from the field experiment at the relatively unpolluted site imply that even there, nitrogen supply is close to supra-optimal for Narthecium.     

An experimental investigation on waste fishing net as an alternate fuel source for diesel engine

In this experimental study, the feasibility of using the oil obtained from waste fishing net as a substitute for diesel fuel was investigated. Waste fishing net oil (WFNO) was obtained through pyrolysis process on a laboratory scale setup and used as a fuel in diesel engine. The properties of oil obtained from waste fishing net were examined and compared with conventional diesel fuel. Results indicated that the WFNO possesses excellent fuel properties. The calorific value of WFNO is 44,450 kJ/kg, which is higher than diesel by 1.48%. In order to study the possibility of using WFNO and its blends (WFNO 25%, WFNO 50%, WFNO 75% and WFNO 100%) with diesel as a fuel, an experimental investigation was carried out on a single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine. Experimental results proved that WFNO works satisfactorily on a diesel engine without any engine modifications. Brake thermal efficiency was decreased and brake-specific fuel consumption was increased while using WFNO and its blends. Moreover, there was a slight increase in engine emissions like CO, UHC, NO with WFNO and its blends.

     

An experimental comparison of the effects of two chemical stressors on a freshwater zooplankton assemblage

Mesocosms in an Ohio, USA lake were dosed with ten levels (0-100 microg liter(-1)) of copper (experiment 1) or Carbaryl (experiment 2). Zooplankton responses were determined after 4-day incubations. Species level responses differed for the two chemicals; community level responses were very similar. Across the gradients of increasing Cu or Carbaryl doses, cladocerans were greatly reduced and copepods became dominant. For Carbaryl, the response was consistent with that reported previously. For Cu, different responses were previously observed at other lakes. The taxonomic composition of the zooplankton may largely determine the community level response. In the present experiments, cladoceran declines may have secondarily affected food web function. In the Carbaryl experiment, where the chemical did not directly suppress algae, their biomass increased with dose level. This coincided with the cladoceran decline, suggesting an algal response to reduced top-down control.     

An interlaboratory round robin study on the analysis of toxaphene in a cod liver oil standard reference material

An inter-laboratory round robin analysis of toxaphene in a National Institute of Standards Cod Liver Oil #1588 was carried out. Analysis was performed by GC-ECD, electron capture negative ion GCMS (ECNI GCMS) and electron impact GC/MS in high resolution single ion monitoring mode (EI-HRSIM). Results of the analyses by GC-ECD, ECNI and HRSIM were 4.22±2.45 ppm, 3.95±1.57 ppm, and 2.35±0.06 ppm respectively. Due to the wide inter-laboratory variation in workup, GC conditions, detection method, and quantitation algorithms used, no one set of factors stood out as the cause of the variation in results.     

Effect of the location of the inlet and outlet structures on short-circuiting: experimental investigation.

The location of the inlet and outlet structures in a treatment plant (e.g., waste stabilization pond) may affect its hydraulic efficiency by increasing short-circuiting. Therefore, in this paper, the effect of the location of inlet and outlet structures was investigated in three laboratory channels of different lengths. Nine different combinations of inlet and outlet locations were considered for each channel under varying rates of flow. Results showed that the placement of the inlet and outlet structures close to the surface and the bottom of the pond, respectively, gave the minimum value of short-circuiting. This location was, therefore, judged to be the optimum among the nine combinations considered. The short-circuiting index was found to increase both with the dispersion number and the actual flow velocity, giving correlation coefficients of 0.3186 to 0.9258 and 0.8057 to 0.9972, respectively. Although minimization of short-circuiting will result in higher hydraulic efficiency, it may not necessarily result in higher effluent quality unless the temporal and vertical fluctuations of the water column are also considered.     

An experimental investigation of a water desalination unit using different microparticle-coated absorber plate: yield,thermal, economic,and environmental assessments

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aims to augment the performance of a solar desalination unit. To experimental examine this idea, a modified solar still with three...     

An evaluation of the role of risk-based decision-making in a former manufactured gas plant site remediation

Environmental remediation decisions are driven by the need to minimize human health and ecological risks posed by environmental releases. The Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Sites enunciates the principles of exposure and risk assessment that are to be used for reaching remediation decisions for sites under Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). Experience with remediation management under CERCLA has led to recognition of some crucial infirmities in the processes for managing remediation: cleanup management policies are ad hoc in character, mandates and practices are strongly conservative, and contaminant risk management occurs in an artificially narrow context. The purpose of this case study is to show how a policy of risk-based decision-making was used to avoid customary pitfalls in site remediation. This case study describes the risk-based decision-making process in a remedial action program at a former manufactured gas plant site that successfully achieved timely and effective cleanup. The remediation process operated outside the confines of the CERCLA process under an administrative consent order between the utility and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. A residential use end state was negotiated as part of this agreement. The attendant uncertainties, complications, and unexpected contingencies were overcome by using the likely exposures associated with the desired end state to structure all of the remediation management decisions and by collecting site-specific information from the very outset to obtain a detailed and realistic characterization of human health risks that needed to be mitigated. The lessons from this case study are generalizable to more complicated remediation cases, when supported by correspondingly sophisticated technical approaches.     

Environmental risk assessment of veterinary pharmaceuticals: development of a standard laboratory test with the dung beetle Aphodius constans

The environmental risk assessment of veterinary pharmaceuticals for dung beetles is required if the substance is an anti-parasiticide for the treatment of pasture animals. However, the demonstration of the environmental safety of those substances for dung fauna is hampered by the fact that no standardized laboratory test system is currently available. Here a test system using the temperate dung beetle species Aphodius (Agrilinus) constans (Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) Duftschmidt is described. The survival of first instar larvae of A. constans exposed to a model substance, dimethoate, spiked into formulated (i.e. dried, formulated and re-wetted) or fresh dung was measured over a period of three weeks. Larvae performed better in formulated dung which also proved to be more suitable for mixing-in test substances homogenously. Dimethoate caused significant larval mortality with LC50 values within a range of 1.3-2.8 mg a.s./kg dung (d.w.), depending on the dung type. Based on the data presented here, it is recommended to incorporate this new test system in the risk assessment process for veterinary pharmaceuticals. However, an international ringtest should to be performed beforehand to ensure adequate validation of the method.