Hybrid zeolite-based ion-exchange and sulfur oxidizing denitrification for advanced slaughterhouse wastewater treatment

The discharge of slau ghterhouse wastewater（SWW） is incre asing and its wastewater has to be treated thoroughly to avoid the eutrophication.The hybrid zeolite-based ion-exchange and sulfur autotrophic denitrification（IX-AD） process was developed to advanced treat SWW after traditional secondary biological process.Compared with traditional sulfur oxidizing denitrification（SOD）,this study found that IX-AD column showed:（1） stronger ability to resist NO₃^-pollution load,（2） low...     

北京市大气细颗粒物对Balb/c 3T3细胞周期的影响

研究了北京市大气细颗粒物有机提取物 (EOC)对Balb c 3T3细胞周期及调节因子的影响 .实验发现 116 μg mL细颗粒物EOC即有明显的细胞毒性 ,抑制细胞生长 ,并存在剂量 反应关系 ,IC50 为 4 0 2 2 μg mL ;流式细胞仪分析显示 136 6 μg mLPM2 5EOC可造成细胞周期改变 ,G0 G1期、G2 M期细胞分布增加 ,分别为 16 2 4 % (P <0 0 1)与 3 17% (P <0 0 5 ) ,S期细胞分布减少 2 0 4 % (P <0 0 1) ,并伴有P5 3含量的增加 ;4 0 9 8、4 78 1μg mL的PM2 5EOC可诱导Balb c3T3细胞凋亡 .提示PM2 5有机提取物可能通过P5 3途径引起Balb c 3T3细胞周期阻滞 ,并诱导细胞凋亡 .     

Technological innovation paths toward green industry in China

With the environmental carrying capacity reaching its limits and the decreasing margin benefits of traditional production factors, the green transformation and green development through technological innovations has been a major direction for the future development of Chinese industries. However, the characteristics and heterogeneities of various types of industries call for different approaches regarding technological innovations. How to choose the most effective mode of technological innovation according to the characteristics of a certain industry has been a key issue. This paper measures the green total factor productivity of 32 industrial trades using the Slacks Based Measure(SBM)-DDF method. The effects of three innovation modes in the green transformation of industrial industry, including the independent innovation(Ⅱ), the technology introduction(TI), and the government support(GS), are empirically analyzed based on industry heterogeneity. Results indicate that the green total factor productivities of different industries show significant differences if taking into account the energy input and the undesirable output of pollutant emissions. The green total factor productivities of traditional high input,high pollution, and high energy consumption industrial trades were significantly lower than those with obvious green features. The year of 2009 is a leap year for the industrial green transformation in China. For resource-intensive industries, the II and the GS are the important ways to achieve green transformation. For labor-intensive industries, the TI is the best path to achieve green transformation, while for technology-intensive industries, the II is the primary driving force for the promotion of green developments. In addition, the innovation-compensating effect of the current Chinese environmental regulations to the resource-intensive industries has been revealed. Improving the overall scale and the industrial concentration of the industries is also beneficial for the green transformation of the industries.     

Annual Nutritional Organ Mass Cycle of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bufo gargarizans</Emphasis> (Cantor, 1842) in Response to Extreme High Temperature

The annual relative mass of storage organs cycle of Bufo gargarizans in southwestern China was studied from December 2005 to November 2006. We described how those organs changed in response to extreme temperatures. Energy reservation dropped to the lowest levels after dormancy for both sexes, and then increased for period of 4.25 month. However, the mass of these organs dropped again rapidly until August (liver) and September (fat bodies) due to the constraint from extreme high temperature occurred during the summer, and then non-significantly increased before hibernation. For ovaries, varied with a different profile to those of liver and fat bodies have a resting period of four months. In addition, the toads’ ovaries kept growing when the mass of liver and fat bodies declining accordingly during hibernation. Therefore, ovarian mass increased during the hibernation and non-hibernation period.     

中国危险废物和医疗废物焚烧处置行业二（口恶）排放水平研究

通过调研全国危险废物和医疗废物焚烧处置设施,对包含二噁英排放水平的设施按处置对象、炉型和处理量分类,并作系统分析和研究.结果表明现有危险废物焚烧设施烟气中二噁英的浓度比医疗废物低,达标率为74.19%;危险废物选用回转窑处置效果较好,达标率为66.67%;而医疗废物选用回转窑或热解炉,要综合考虑处置规模、生产成本和二英排放总量等因素;危险废物介于10~30 t·d-1和医疗废物介于10~20 t·d-1的处置设施要尤其注意二噁英的排放问题;医疗废物焚烧飞灰中二噁英的均值浓度为危险废物6倍以上,仅有16.67%满足填埋要求.二者烟气中二英的浓度分布以1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF、2,3,7,8-TCDF和OCDD为主.     

基于InVEST-PLUS模型的碳储量空间关联性及预测——以广东省为例

构建土地利用碳储量数据库,基于InVEST模型Carbon模块,得到广东省1990~2020年碳储量时空分布情况.用Moran’s I指数和Getis-Ord Gi^*分析格网尺度下碳储量时空分布特征,用Anselin Local Moran’s I得到LISA集聚图.然后运用PLUS模型和14个土地利用驱动因子预测2050年土地利用及其碳储量分布.结果表明,土地利用变化直接影响区域碳储量高低,林地、草地等具有生态服务功能地类碳密度最高,分别是188.44,329.34Mg/hm².碳储量空间格局整体呈现出中部低、北部高、东西中等的特点.碳储量空间分布特征与土地利用特征一致,碳储量显著高值集聚区域分布在建设用地少、生态用地多且连片的粤北地区,显著低值区域分布在国土开发强度和生态用地破碎化程度高的珠三角地带.在自然发展情景下,到2050年广东省土地利用碳储量将减少4327.21万Mg,随着国土空间进一步开发,环珠江口沿岸城市碳储量持续下降.增加植被生态系统碳储量,是实现碳中和的重要手段之一.要继续维持粤北山区生态保护屏障的重要地位,减缓珠三角城市土地开发强度,提高建设用地集约节约能力,形成平衡协调的土地利用和碳储量格局.     

聚硅酸硫酸氯化铝铁絮凝剂的制备及絮凝性能

以粉煤灰为原料制备了无机高分子絮凝剂聚硅酸硫酸氯化铝铁(PSiAFCS),用PSiAFCS处理以硅藻土为原料配制的模拟废水.实验结果表明,在n(Al3+):n(SO4-2)=11、PSiAFCS加入量为2.5mg/L、废水pH为6.0～11.0,温度为60℃、静置时间为20 min、废水初始浊度为50.00～500.00 NTU的范围内,PSiAFCS的絮凝效果良好,浊度去除率大于96%.PSiAFCS对赣江水的浊度去除效果优于聚硅酸氯化铝铁(PSiAFC)和聚合氯化铝(PAC).PSiAFCS加入量为2.5 mg/L时,水样的剩余浊度最低,为0.52 NTU,浊度去除率达98.27%,达到GB5749-2006<生活饮用水卫生标准>中浊度小于1.00 NTU的要求.     

利用逆向轨迹反演模式估算北京地区甲烷源强

利用连续监测的大气甲烷浓度数据和拉格朗日逆向轨迹反演模式估算出北京甲烷源排放强度，并与根据最新调查数据建立的北京地区甲烷源排放清单进行了比较。排放清单结果表明，北京地区甲烷排放总量为296．4Gg/a，其中，最主要的甲烷排放源为城市垃圾和化石燃料，反映了北京作为一特大城市甲烷排放以人为源为主的特点。利用2000年6月至12月连续观测的有湿合层代表性的北京大气甲烷浓度，通过奇异值分解法（Singular Value Decomposition，SVD）反演出模拟区域的甲烷排放源强度和分布。模式计算与排放清单在甲烷源定性分布上对应较好，定量结果也是合理的。但由于可输入的气象数据有限，轨迹在整个模拟区域内覆盖不均匀，反演出的源块位置有偏差，其中偏差最大的为煤矿的甲烷排放。     

小尺度上蜜蜂传粉服务与耕地利用集约水平之间权衡关系研究

传粉作为重要的生态系统服务之一,对维持野生植物群落和粮食生产至关重要。近年来随着全球农业投入迅速增加,耕地利用集约化程度大幅提高,昆虫传粉能力受到严重影响。由于全世界约2/3的主要粮食作物依赖传粉服务,因此传粉服务的下降将威胁着全球粮食安全。然而,传粉服务与耕地利用集约水平的相互关系有待在全球各地区进行进一步验证,尤其在中国这种农业大国。以鄱阳湖滨湖区典型村落为研究对象,基于高精度土地利用数据、传粉蜜蜂生物物理数据、区域社会经济以及实地调研数据,采用InVEST模型、GIS分析工具、数理统计和回归分析方法。定量揭示小尺度上耕地集约利用与蜜蜂传粉服务之间的权衡关系。结果显示:(1)研究村落2000年和2013年蜜蜂传粉服务丰度平均值分别为0. 127和0. 108,期间下降幅度为15. 50%。总体上,研究村落蜜蜂传粉服务有较明显的削弱。(2)受退耕还林、退田还湖以及耕地撂荒等因素的综合影响,研究村落耕地利用区域减少了37. 66 hm~2,约占村落土地总面积的13. 55%。但由于农药、化肥、机械以及劳动力等投入的增加,该村各耕地利用类型的集约度分值均有大幅度提高,增幅均高达2倍以上。(3)耕地利用集约度变化与蜜蜂传粉服务变化回归系数为-0. 164,两者呈负相关关系,也即两者之间存在此消彼长的权衡关系。研究村落耕地利用集约度的提高削弱了蜜蜂传粉服务功能。     

沸石改性及其去除水中氨氮的实验研究

通过实验研究了沸石改性条件及其对水中氨氮吸附去除的影响。结果表明,加热改性与无机酸改性不能显著提高沸石对氨氮的吸附量。利用NaOH改性的最佳浓度为1 mol/L,此条件下对氨氮吸附量可提高到650.68 mg/kg,为天然沸石的2.82倍。利用无机盐改性时,对氨氮吸附效果最好的是NaCl改性沸石,其次为KCl改性沸石与CaCl₂改性沸石。随着NaCl溶液浓度和改性时间的增加,改性沸石对氨氮的吸附量显著增加,可达天然沸石的3～4倍;在NaCl浓度为150 g/L与改性时间为18 h条件下,改性沸石对氨氮吸附量可达887.35 mg/kg,为天然沸石的3.84倍。