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1.
Shamama Afreen Nitasha Sharma Rajiv K. Chaturvedi Ranjith Gopalakrishnan N. H. Ravindranath 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2011,16(2):177-197
Due to large scale afforestation programs and forest conservation legislations, India’s total forest area seems to have stabilized
or even increased. In spite of such efforts, forest fragmentation and degradation continues, with forests being subject to
increased pressure due to anthropogenic factors. Such fragmentation and degradation is leading to the forest cover to change
from very dense to moderately dense and open forest and 253 km2 of very dense forest has been converted to moderately dense forest, open forest, scrub and non-forest (during 2005–2007).
Similarly, there has been a degradation of 4,120 km2 of moderately dense forest to open forest, scrub and non-forest resulting in a net loss of 936 km2 of moderately dense forest. Additionally, 4,335 km2 of open forest have degraded to scrub and non-forest. Coupled with pressure due to anthropogenic factors, climate change
is likely to be an added stress on forests. Forest sector programs and policies are major factors that determine the status
of forests and potentially resilience to projected impacts of climate change. An attempt is made to review the forest policies
and programs and their implications for the status of forests and for vulnerability of forests to projected climate change.
The study concludes that forest conservation and development policies and programs need to be oriented to incorporate climate
change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation. 相似文献
2.
3.
A novel framework to classify marginal land for sustainable biomass feedstock production 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To achieve food and energy security, sustainable bioenergy has become an important goal for many countries. The use of marginal lands to produce energy crops is one strategy for achieving this goal, but what is marginal land? Current definitions generally focus on a single criterion, primarily agroeconomic profitability. Herein, we present a framework that incorporates multiple criteria including profitability of current land use, soil health indicators (erosion, flooding, drainage, or high slopes), and environmental degradation resulting from contamination of surface water or groundwater resources. We tested this framework for classifying marginal land in the state of Nebraska and estimated the potential for using marginal land to produce biofuel crops. Our results indicate that approximately 1.6 million ha, or 4 million acres, of land (approximately 8% of total land area) could be classified as marginal on the basis of at least two criteria. Second-generation lignocellulosic bioenergy crops such as switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.), miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus), native prairie grasses, and short-rotation woody crops could be grown on this land in redesigned landscapes that meet energy and environmental needs, without significant impacts on food or feed production. Calculating tradeoffs between the economics of redesigned landscapes and current practices at the field scale is the next step for determining functional designs for integrating biofuel feedstock production into current land management practices. 相似文献
4.
Govindasamy?BalaEmail author Ranjith?Gopalakrishnan Mathangi?Jayaraman Ramakrishna?Nemani N.?H.?Ravindranath 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2011,16(2):143-160
There is huge knowledge gap in our understanding of many terrestrial carbon cycle processes. In this paper, we investigate
the bounds on terrestrial carbon uptake over India that arises solely due to CO
2
-fertilization. For this purpose, we use a terrestrial carbon cycle model and consider two extreme scenarios: unlimited CO2-fertilization is allowed for the terrestrial vegetation with CO2 concentration level at 735 ppm in one case, and CO2-fertilization is capped at year 1975 levels for another simulation. Our simulations show that, under equilibrium conditions,
modeled carbon stocks in natural potential vegetation increase by 17 Gt-C with unlimited fertilization for CO2 levels and climate change corresponding to the end of 21st century but they decline by 5.5 Gt-C if fertilization is limited
at 1975 levels of CO2 concentration. The carbon stock changes are dominated by forests. The area covered by natural potential forests increases
by about 36% in the unlimited fertilization case but decreases by 15% in the fertilization-capped case. Thus, the assumption
regarding CO2-fertilization has the potential to alter the sign of terrestrial carbon uptake over India. Our model simulations also imply
that the maximum potential terrestrial sequestration over India, under equilibrium conditions and best case scenario of unlimited
CO2-fertilization, is only 18% of the 21st century SRES A2 scenarios emissions from India. The limited uptake potential of the
natural potential vegetation suggests that reduction of CO2 emissions and afforestation programs should be top priorities. 相似文献
5.
An aspect of water resource development that has currently generated a good deal of interest among economists relates to the ‘economics of water transfer.’ Some recent investigations in this connection have studied the impact of transferring water from conventional uses (mainly agricultural) to newly emerging uses (e.g., pollution abatement, recreational, and industrial). The results of these studies indicate that water transfer contributes to economic growth, both directly and indirectly. 相似文献
6.
Rajiv K. Chaturvedi Ranjith Gopalakrishnan Mathangi Jayaraman Govindasamy Bala N. V. Joshi Raman Sukumar N. H. Ravindranath 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2011,16(2):119-142
We make an assessment of the impact of projected climate change on forest ecosystems in India. This assessment is based on
climate projections of the Regional Climate Model of the Hadley Centre (HadRM3) and the dynamic global vegetation model IBIS
for A2 and B2 scenarios. According to the model projections, 39% of forest grids are likely to undergo vegetation type change
under the A2 scenario and 34% under the B2 scenario by the end of this century. However, in many forest dominant states such
as Chattisgarh, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh up to 73%, 67% and 62% of forested grids are projected to undergo change. Net
Primary Productivity (NPP) is projected to increase by 68.8% and 51.2% under the A2 and B2 scenarios, respectively, and soil
organic carbon (SOC) by 37.5% for A2 and 30.2% for B2 scenario. Based on the dynamic global vegetation modeling, we present
a forest vulnerability index for India which is based on the observed datasets of forest density, forest biodiversity as well
as model predicted vegetation type shift estimates for forested grids. The vulnerability index suggests that upper Himalayas,
northern and central parts of Western Ghats and parts of central India are most vulnerable to projected impacts of climate
change, while Northeastern forests are more resilient. Thus our study points to the need for developing and implementing adaptation
strategies to reduce vulnerability of forests to projected climate change. 相似文献
7.
Murugesan Bagyaraj Alemayehu Tenaw Mengistie Gopalakrishnan Gnanachandrasamy Chung Sang Yong Senapathi Venkatramanan Sekar Selvam Elzain Hussam Eldin Karthikeyan Sivakumar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(48):72312-72331
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Remote sensing and GIS technology were very helpful to determine an appropriate location of freshwater storage in Amhara, Ethiopia. The techniques... 相似文献
8.
Permeation of Cu(II) from its aqueous solution through a supported liquid membrane (SLM) containing di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) carrier dissolved in coconut oil has been studied. The effects of Cu(II), pH (in feed), H2SO4 (stripping) and D2EHPA (in membrane) concentrations have been investigated. The stability of the D2EHPA-coconutoil has also been evaluated. High Cu(II) concentration in the feed leads to an increase in flux from 4.1 × 10-9 to 8.9 × 10-9 mol/(m2·s) within the Cu(II) concentration range 7.8×10-4-78.6×10-4 mol/L at pH of 4.0 in the feed and 12.4 × 10-4 mol/L D2EHPA in the membrane phase. Increase in H2SO4 concentration in strip solution leads to an increase in copper ions flux up to 0.25 mol/L H2SO4, providing a maximum flux of 7.4 × 10-9 mol/(m2·s). The optimum conditions for Cu(II) transport are, pH of feed 4.0, 0.25 mol/L H2SO4 in strip phase and 12.4 × 10-4 mol/L D2EHPA (membrane) in 0.5 (m pore size polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane. It has been observed that Cu(II) flux across the membrane tends to increase with the concentration of copper ions. Application of the method developed to copper plating bath rinse solutions has been found to be successful in the recovery of Cu(II). rane. It 相似文献
9.
Liu Enke Zhou Jie Yang Xiao Jin Tao Zhao Bingqiang Li Lili Wen Yanchen Soldatova Evgeniya Zamanian Kazem Gopalakrishnan Subramaniam Mei Xurong Kuzyakov Yakov 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(2):663-671
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Soil carbon is major driver of climate in the long term because soil can either decrease global warming by carbon sequestration or increase warming by... 相似文献
10.
The sublethal effect of silver and chromium on some biochemical constituents was studied in the green mussel Perna viridis. The results revealed an overall reduction in total protein, total DNA, total RNA, glycogen, protein bound sugars and total lipid in the gill, hepatopancreas, and ovary of the mussels exposed to metals individually and in combination when compared with control. It was apparent that mussels exposed to mixtures of metals exhibited highly significant (P?0.001) differences and the results were less and moderately significant (P?0.05 and P?0.01) than the mussels exposed to individual chemicals when compared with control groups for the above mentioned parameters. A remarkable amount of silver and chromium was also deducted in the whole body tissues of experimental mussels. 相似文献