Design and validation of a practical index for trauma assessment

In the past 20 years a variety of indices have been suggested for measuring the severity of trauma, however none of them meets the requirement of being a simple and objective instrument that can be utilized efficiently by lay persons and providers of health services without previous experience in triaging. A new system has been proposed which meets this requirement and which has been validated with 197 injured persons at the emergency ward of the Valle University Hospital in Call, Colombia. The instrument showed a high level of concordance with the conventional triaging method and classifies victims into four categories: critical with recovery unlikely, critical but recoverable, moderately serious, and ambulatory. There is discussion on the reliability of this instrument and it is recommended that it be validated with victims from larger disasters. Regardless, it has the advantage of being specific and free of the subjectivity that characterizes other indices.     

鄱阳湖水质状况分析与评价

鄱阳湖是我国最大的淡水湖,对其水质的监测和分析有着重要意义。本文通过1980～1988年水质监测资料的搜集整理,分析了鄱阳湖水质的时空分布规律,并作出了比较全面的评价。评价结果表明,鄱阳湖已受到轻度污染,但其水质总体状况尚属良好,是全国淡水湖泊中最好的湖泊之一。     

浅谈化工装置灾害事故的处置

化工生产一般采用温控分离、氧化还原、催化裂解、压力聚合等工艺方法,而化工产品特别是中间产品一般都具有易燃、易爆、有毒、有害和腐蚀等特点.在化工生产的过程中可能发生的各类灾害事故已经成为各级政府和应急救援单位研究的重要课题.下面结合工作实践谈谈化工装置灾害事故的处置思路.     

上海市绿色食品的发展前景与策略

为更好地协调环境、资源、食品、健康的关系,适应人们对农产品需求的变化及社会可持续发展的需要,世界各国纷纷提出了发展无污染农产品的设想。我国亦于1990年推出了“绿色食品”活动。该文在综观国内外绿色食品研究和发展概况的基础上,分析了上海市发展绿色食品的有利条件,并提出了发展对策和建议。     

两种共生模式之比较

在对两种共生模式—生态工业园和绿色供应链作了基本解释和案例分析后，比较了这两种模式的共性和异性，得出了它们在生态工业体系建设中具有统一性和互补性的结论，对建设城市生态工业体系提出了看法。     

表面处理清洁生产线的研发

介绍了中国电器科学研究院近期研制开发的电镀、氧化等金属表面处理新型生产线。对生产线各相关系统进行研究,通过改进与创新,达到清洁、节能、智能化等目的。     

ERT技术在无机酸污染场地调查中的应用

利用高密度电阻率法对硫酸废液污染的场地进行污染调查,由于硫酸废液侵入土壤,使其介质的溶质浓度发生了改变,导致SO₄2-与地表潜水作用,电传导性提高,被污染土壤含盐量增加,但是电阻率降低与未被硫酸废液侵入的土层形成了一定的电性差异. 通过二维和三维电阻率层析成像(ERT)技术,圈定硫酸废液侵入土壤中的分布范围、侵蚀深度以及扩散羽流等,并对ERT结果进行土工试验异常验证. 结果表明:硫酸废液污染土壤的视电阻率小于6.0 Ω·m,污染区域长度达25.0 m,深度约4.0 m;地表土污染长度为12.0 m,表面宽度约4.0 m,污染土壤的总体积约为222.0 m3.      

Indoor and outdoor BTX levels in Barcelona City metropolitan area and Catalan rural areas

Five aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, and three isomeric xylenes) were monitored in indoor and outdoor air of 7 public buildings and 54 private homes, located in Barcelona City metropolitan area and in several rural areas of Catalonia. The sampling was carried out over four periods: spring-summer and winter of 2000, and summer and winter of 2001. Passive ORSA 5 Dra¨ger samplers were used for benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) adsorption. BTX were extracted with carbon disulphide and analysed using ...     

土壤中多环芳烃菲的自然降解特性

自然降解是去除环境中有机污染物的一种重要手段。为了解土壤中多环芳烃的自然降解规律,选择陕北风沙滩地区风积砂为典型土壤,多环芳烃菲为典型污染质,探讨了菲在风积砂中的自然降解规律;建立了菲的降解动力学模型;进一步考察了污染浓度、温度、pH值、含氧量等环境因素对降解的影响。结果表明,风积砂中菲的自然降解符合准一级反应动力学,降解半衰期为17 d;菲的降解率与生物量呈正相关;污染浓度对菲的自然降解影响不显著;25~35℃、中性条件能够促进风积砂中菲的降解;好氧微生物是降解的关键,氧的存在对于土壤中菲的降解具有重要的作用。