Effects of taxonomy,sediment, and water column on C:N:P stoichiometry of submerged macrophytes in Yangtze floodplain shallow lakes,China

Carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the three most important essential elements limiting growth of primary producers. Submerged macrophytes generally absorb nutrients from sediments by root uptake. However, the C:N:P stoichiometric signatures of plant tissue are affected by many additional factors such as taxonomy, nutrient availability, and light availability. We first revealed the relative importance of taxonomy, sediment, and water column on plant C:N:P stoichiometry using variance partitioning based on partial redundancy analyses. Results showed that taxonomy was the most important factor in determining C:N:P stoichiometry, then the water column and finally the sediment. In this study, a significant positive relationship was found between community C concentration and macrophyte community biomass, indicating that the local low C availability in macrophytes probably was the main reason why submerged macrophytes declined in Yangtze floodplain shallow lakes. Based on our study, it is suggested that submerged macrophytes in Yangtze floodplain shallow lakes are primarily limited by low light levels rather than nutrient availability.

     

Effect of platinum on the photocatalytic degradation of chlorinated organic compound

TiO2 nanoparticles, doped with di erent Pt contents, were prepared by a modified photodeposition method using Degussa P-25 TiO2, H2PtCl6 6H2O and methanol as the solvents. The physicochemical properties of Pt/TiO2 were investigated by the nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm measurement technique, X-ray di raction analysis and photoluminescence spectra, respectively. Reaction rates from photocatalytic removal of dichloromethane over Degussa P-25 TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 were evaluated. The average diameter and BET surface area of the TiO2 catalyst particles were 300 nm and 50 m2/g, respectively. The degradation e ciency was 99.0%, 82.7%, 55.2%, and 57.9% with TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. And the degradation e ciency was 99.3%, 79.7%, 76.5%, and 73.4% with a 0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. In addition, we found that the photoluminescence emission peak intensities decreased with increases in the doping amount of Pt, which indicates that the irradiative recombination was weakened. Furthermore, the results showed that the UV/0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 process was capable of e ciently decomposing gaseous DCM in air.     

Urban growth management in Jeddah

The towns and cities of Saudi Arabia have been subjected to sustained growth pressures since the transformation of the country's economy following the discovery of oil in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom. The rapid growth which has been experienced has created major problems for the central and local government agencies responsible for planning and managing urban growth. The experience of Jeddah, one of the major cities in Saudi Arabia, is described and the problems of planning and managing its growth are analysed. Weaknesses relating to the structure of the planning system are identified, as are major difficulties in relation to the quality and quantity of professional staff. Recent attempts to improve the operation of the planning system are described and evaluated.     

澜沧江梯级水电站库区水环境时空差异性研究

根据2008年1—12月澜沧江下游的漫湾水电站、大朝山水电站库区的水质监测资料,对水环境时空差异性进行了分析,结果表明:两库区水质特征变化趋势比较相似,季节性变化明显,两库区水体有机污染程度小,水体氮磷含量较高,属于中—富营养水平,总氮在秋季最高,冬季最低,总磷在夏秋季最高,春季最低。梯级水坝的形成对水体中总氮含量、有机污染的累积效应不明显。     

脉冲激光发射模块电磁屏蔽效能仿真分析

目的 提高脉冲激光发射模块的电磁兼容性。方法 基于腔体的电磁屏蔽机理,使用HFSS软件,建立脉冲激光发射模块腔体模型,以电磁敏感度、电磁干扰2个方面对腔体电磁屏蔽效能进行仿真分析。结果 设计的双层屏蔽腔体在电磁波辐照频率为1~100 kHz时,屏蔽效能达到28 dB;电磁波辐照频率为0.2~18 GHz时,屏蔽效能达到47 dB。结论 当电磁波辐照频率在1~100 kHz时,腔体的屏蔽效能随频率的增加而增大。辐射源外部激励时,双层屏蔽腔体使用外层铁内层铜屏蔽效能较高。电磁波辐照频率在0.2～18 GHz时,腔体的屏蔽效能随频率的增大而减小,且发生了谐振效应。当腔体厚度相等时,双层屏蔽的屏蔽效能高于单层屏蔽。使用电缆连接器代替孔洞进行信号传输时,腔体屏蔽效能增加。     

R型聚类对辽河不同断面水质指标相关性分析

河流水质监测中许多指标常常存在着一定的相关性,通过对水质指标相关性研究,可了解水质指标间影响关系及河流污染物的特点,指导河流水污染治理,提高水质量标准。以辽河为例,采用R型聚类方法对辽河不同断面水质指标的相关性进行分析,应用DPS统计软件,通过计算机对监测数据进行运算得出相关系数矩阵和变量的分类树形图。通过分析可看出化学需氧量与五日生化需氧量、高锰酸盐指数与氨氮相关密切。文中对各种水质指标相关关系的内在关联进行深入研究,分析相关指标间的相互作用,以期达到对影响因子的全方位监测与控制,实现对辽河水污染治理及水环境监测评价的作用。     

直链烷基苯指示城市化过程初步研究

本研究以深圳市作为典型城市化地区代表,以直链烷基苯(LABs)作为环境分子标志物,在分析土壤LABs空间分布特征基础上,通过土壤LABs污染水平与城市化过程指标的相关分析,对直链烷基苯指示城市化过程可能性开展初步研究.结果表明,城市化过程中人口规模、用水状况、城市建设、收入与消费及产业结构这5个方面的因素与土壤中LABs污染水平均有相关性,表明环境LABs水平与城市化过程相关,可以作为环境分子标志物用于指示城市化过程.     

Regional assessment of plant growth problems for colliery spoil reclamation

Possibilities for greater variation in landscaping during the reclamation of derelict colliery spoil heaps and the potential of a regional approach to the survey of revegetation problems are introduced. A survey method for assessing plant growth problems is described which incorporates rapid measurement of physical and chemical constraints to plant growth and which uses bioassay trials as an index of plant growth potential. The use of the survey method on 34 closed and disused sites in the Barnsley and South Yorkshire areas of the National Coal Board is outlined and suggestions for the incorporation of such data in recommendations for the reclamation of individual sites are made.     

基于CHIRPS卫星降水的雅砻江流域干湿时空演变分析

雅砻江流域是我国水电开发的重点区域之一，在全球气候变化背景下探究流域干湿时空演变规律有利于合理规划和充分利用水资源，为流域内农业生产活动提供科学指导。基于1981~2017年雅砻江流域内及周边16个气象站月气象数据，采用Penman-Monteith（PM）公式计算各站逐月潜在蒸散量ET0，基于气象站降水校正CHIRPS卫星降水产品，从而获得更高空间分辨率的降水数据，以此计算标准化降水蒸散SPEI指数，采用云模型、Mann-Kendall（MK）趋势检验法分析流域年代际、年、季尺度的干湿时空分布特征与变化趋势。结果表明：（1）对CHIRPS卫星降水产品进行偏差校正不但提高了精度，而且能够获得更高空间分辨率的降水；（2）流域春季呈湿润化趋势，其余时间尺度均呈现干旱化趋势，以冬季干旱化速率最快。年尺度下干湿变化不均匀度的稳定性最差，秋季稳定性相对最好。春、冬两季SPEI空间分布的不均匀度弱于时间分布；（3）同一时间尺度下的流域各级别干湿相对面积近似呈正态分布，流域干湿变化趋势空间分布差异较大；（4）流域各级别干旱与湿润高发区无明显区域分布规律，发生干旱与湿润的最高频率在20%左右，且随着干湿程度的加重，频率变化范围逐渐缩小；（5）不同年代干湿频率差异较为显著，年平均干旱频率变化趋势为减-增-减，湿润频率变化趋势为增-减-减，湿润频率高值区呈现由下游向上游转移的趋势。     

太湖上游水环境对植物分布格局的影响机制

对北太湖上游流域的苏南第二大湖泊滆湖及其入太湖的主要河流(太滆运河与漕桥河)的水质和水生植被开展调查、评价与环境生态学研究。调查结果表明所有样点水质均超富营养化,尤以太滆运河与漕桥河的水体污染为甚。通过PCA综合评价,河流绝大多数河段已是Ⅳ类水体,滆湖也已呈Ⅲ类水体。对水生植物类群调查而言,调查发现太隔运河和漕桥河中上游河段水生植物多样性指数均很小,凤眼莲、芦苇和菰为优势种,沉水植被分布很少,群落退化严重,耐污种篦齿眼子菜和水盾草占优势;在湖泊中心区,沉水植物已完全退化。聚类分析发现所调查的植物可分为3大类群。PCO和CCA分别表明河流与湖泊所在的样点间的水体理化性状出现很明显的分离;该流域水体中不同形态N、P含量或底泥N、P含量主要影响水生植物种类组成和分布。