Simulating the future energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of Turkish cement industry up to 2030 in a global context

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Turkey ranked seventh among cement-producing countries in the world, and the country is also one of the extensive producers in the world...     

The role of increasing riverbank vegetation density on flow dynamics across an asymmetrical channel

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Over the last two decades, the role of vegetation in the environmental and ecological restoration of surface water bodies has received much attention. In this...     

Experimental analysis of flow and turbulence in the wake of neighboring emergent vegetation patches with different densities

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Patches of vegetation in natural water bodies grow close to each other and may affect each other’s wake pattern with significant implications on nutrient...     

Experimental investigation of channel flow through idealized isolated tree-like vegetation

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Riparian and floodplain tree-like emergent vegetation alter significantly the flow field and lead to complicated three-dimensional flow patterns, characterized by...     

Low NOx burners--prediction of emissions concentration based on design,measurements and modelling

This paper describes possible ways of prediction of nitrogen oxides formation during combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. Mathematical model based on experimental data acquired from the testing facility has been developed. The model enables to predict--at a high probability measure--the extent of nitrogen oxides emissions. The mathematical model of nitrogen oxide formation relies on the application of simplified kinetic equations describing the formation of nitrogen oxides at so-called equivalent temperature. It is a semi-empirical model that comes out of experimental knowledge. An important role played by the burner design itself has been emphasized and therefore an important supplementary parameter of the model is the characteristic of the burner design. It has been established that there was a good agreement between experimental data and those calculated by the application of the model to various conditions marked out by different combustion parameters in the combustion chamber. The results obtained by application of the model respect the influence of parameters validated by industrial practice that control the formation of nitrogen oxides in the course of fuel combustion. Such parameters-first of all-tare the temperature in the combustion chamber and the concentration of the substances taking part in the reaction. By application of the model, it is possible to assess the consequence of, for example the surplus of combustion air, the increase of temperature of combustion air, the supply of inert gas, etc. on the nitrogen oxides emissions of the operating burner under evaluation. Efficient combining of experience and sophisticated approach together with importance of thus access for an improved design are shown.