干旱-半干旱区不同地质背景区典型灌区土壤盐分特征及成因对比分析

为揭示干旱-半干旱区盐碱土盐化与碱化的差异性演化过程,本研究结合地质学对景泰灌区、河套灌区盐碱土进行系统采样分析,采用主成分分析以及水-岩反应模拟实验对两灌区土壤盐碱化特征及成因开展对比研究。结果表明：景泰灌区土壤盐分离子主要为Na⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-,河套灌区Na⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-相对较低,CO₃^2-含量较高;景泰灌区土壤盐化过程主要与周边地层的三叠纪红砂岩及奥陶纪海相硅质岩的可溶盐淋溶有关,河套灌区土壤碱化过程主要受到狼山、阴山太古代片麻岩群及元古代花岗岩群化学风化影响。可见土壤盐化(EC)与碱化(pH)是不同因素的盐渍化过程,区域地层母岩及其风化机制的不同是干旱-半干旱区土壤盐化和碱化差异性成因的根源。     

Irrigation quotas for high water use efficiency and economic water productivity of typical crops in Shiyang River Basin北大核心CSCD

Water consumption in agricultural activities is the main water use in inland oases in Northwest China. Research on water conservation in agriculture is of great significance to alleviate the conflict between the use of agricultural and ecological water and is of great importance to local farmers’ livelihoods. This study, based on traditional irrigation practices (flood irrigation and fixed irrigation frequency) of Minqin County in Shiyang River Basion, was designed to reveal the impacts of five irrigation quotas (1 800, 1 440, 1 080, 720, and 360 m3/hm2) on crop yield, biomass, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and economic water productivity (EWP) to determine the optimal irrigation for five crops and guide local irrigation practices. The results showed that: (1) Under the five irrigation quotas, IWUE of corn, with the highest of 12.27 kg/m3, was higher than the other four crops; (2) The average EWP of cotton with a 2-year-average of 8.0 yuan/m3 was higher than the other four crops. Thus, the economic output of cotton is the best under the same irrigation quota; (3) Considering the yield, IWUE, EWP, and biomass, corn was better than the other four typical crops; and (4) 1 080 m3/hm2 was the optimal irrigation quota for sunflower in local planting practices. In addition, 720 m3/hm2 was suitable for corn, pepper, wheat, and cotton as their irrigation quota. This study shows that reducing the amount of irrigation quota in the Shiyang River Basin can effectively improve local IWUE and EWP. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.