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1.
本文从柑桔冻害和热害的危害因子和指标等级划分的研究和选取入手,着重探讨了长江三峡地区(湖北境内)两害显著的时空变化特征、差异与关联性及对柑桔生产的影响;揭示了80年代以来冬暖春热的重大气候变化是使两害向“两极分化”的根本原因;讨论了三峡水利工程对两害时空格局的可能调整及减灾原理;最后提出了可能的对策。  相似文献   
2.
根据对冲击射流离散频率噪声产生的反馈机理的认识,提出了一种能够有效地破坏反馈环的形成,从而抑制冲击射流离散频率噪声的喷嘴屏蔽方法。这种方法是通过阻隔反馈声波使其不能到达喷嘴唇口、同时屏蔽物不与射流接触来实现降噪的目的,实验结果表明,对于合适的屏蔽罩参数,正常降噪效果达5dB以上。分析表明这种降噪方法对射流冲击平板的推力和除尘除水效率的提高有帮助。  相似文献   
3.
Understanding the effects of oxalic acid(OA) on the immobilization of Pb(Ⅱ) in contaminated soils by phosphate materials, has considerable benefits for risk assessment and remediation strategies for the soil. A series of phosphate amendments with/without oxalic acid were applied to two anthropogenic contaminated soils. We investigated the immobilization of Pb(Ⅱ) by KH2PO4, phosphate rock(PR), activated phosphate rock(APR) and synthetic hydroxyapatite(HAP) at different phosphate:Pb(P:Pb) molar ratios(0, 0.6, 2.0 and 4.0) in the presence/absence of 50 mmol oxalic acid/kg soil, respectively. The effects of treatments were evaluated using single extraction with deionized water or Ca Cl2, Community Bureau of Reference(BCR) sequential extraction and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure(TCLP)methods. Our results showed that the concentration of water extractable, exchangeable and TCLP-Pb all decreased with incubation time. The concentration of water-extractable Pb after120 days was reduced by 100% when soils were amended with APR, HAP and HAP + OA, and the TCLP-Pb was 5 mg/L for the red soil at P:Pb molar ratio 4.0. Water-soluble Pb could not be detected and the TCLP-Pb was 5 mg/L at all treatments applied to the yellow-brown soil. BCR results indicated that APR was most effective, although a slight enhancement of water-soluble phosphate was detected at the P:Pb molar ratio 4.0 at the beginning of incubation. Oxalic acid activated phosphates, and so mixing insoluble phosphates with oxalic acid may be a useful strategy to improve their effectiveness in reducing Pb bioavailability.  相似文献   
4.
Mechanism of lead immobilization by oxalic acid-activated phosphate rocks   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Lead (Pb) chemical fixation is an important environmental aspect for human health. Phosphate rocks (PRs) were utilized as an adsorbent to remove Pb from aqueous solution. Raw PRs and oxalic acid-activated PRs (APRs) were used to investigate the effect of chemical modification on the Pb-binding capacity in the pH range 2.0-5.0. The Pb adsorption rate of all treatments above pH 3.0 reached 90%. The Pb binding on PRs and APRs was pH-independent, except at pH 2.0 in activated treatments. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the raw PRs formed cerussite after reacting with the Pb solution, whereas the APRs formed pyromorphite. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that carbonate (CO32-) in raw PRs and phosphate (PO43-) groups in APRs played an important role in the Pb-binding process. After adsorption, anomalous block-shaped particles were observed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data further indicated that both chemical and physical reactions occurred during the adsorption process according to the binding energy. Because of lower solubility of pyromorphite compared to cerussite, the APRs are more effective in immobilizing Pb than that of PRs.  相似文献   
5.
Zhu  Jun  Fu  Qingling  Qiu  Guohong  Liu  Yurong  Hu  Hongqing  Huang  Qiaoyun  Violante  Antonio 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(3):1271-1280
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The sorption of heavy metals by soil constituents reduces the absorption of these pollutants by crops and vegetables, and thus limit food contamination. Low...  相似文献   
6.
研究从COD测定的废液中回收银的工艺.在废液中分离出氯化银,经洗涤后加锌置换,还原为银.该工艺简便易行,原材料普通易得.适用于实验室及工业生产的应用.回收银的纯度可达99%以上.  相似文献   
7.
Quantifying landscape pattern and its change is essential for monitoring and assessment of ecological consequences of urbanization. Using the GIS-based land-use data for 2002, we combined moving window analysis along an urban-rural gradient and around the urban centre with landscape metrics to quantify the spatial pattern of urbanization in Beijing. The results of moving window analysis along the urban-rural gradient indicated that, for class-level metrics, the spatial pattern of urbanization could be quantified using landscape metrics, different land-use types exhibited distinctive spatial signatures, and, for landscape-level metrics, the increase in urbanization in the metropolitan Beijing region has resulted in dramatic increases in patch density (PD), edge density (ED), and patch and landscape shape complexity, and sharp decreases in the largest and mean patch size (MPS), agriculture land-use type, and landscape connectivity. The results of moving window analysis around the urban centre showed that the direction of urbanization could be quantified using the class-level metrics, and landscape-level metrics indicated similar results to gradient analysis. In general, moving window analysis showed that the increasingly urbanized landscape became compositionally more diverse, geometrically more complex, and ecologically more fragmented.  相似文献   
8.
湖北茶园茶叶氟含量及土壤氟分组   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
测定了湖北省14个茶园土壤和14种茶叶的氟含量和土壤氟的分组特征,探讨了各分组土壤氟含量与土壤理化性质及茶叶氟含量的相关性.结果表明,湖北地区茶园老叶氟含量为321.1-2273.9 mg·kg-1,嫩叶氟含量为56.6-1805.7 mg·kg-1.同一茶园内老叶氟含量大于嫩叶,老茶叶氟积累明显.随着土壤深度的增加,...  相似文献   
9.
邹华生  李洪青 《环境污染与防治》2005,27(5):340-343,i0002
从传质和生化反应基本过程出发,经合理简化,将复杂的生物填料塔中三相传质生化反应过程综合为一个有效生化反应过程并得到其数学模型。模型中综合参数——总传质有效因数η可通过容易测定的本征反应和实际反应速率来确定;实验研究了不同入塔污水CODCr和入塔水量对η的影响。结果表明:入塔污水CODCr较高时,有较大的孕;当入塔水量增大,传质效果增加η增大。  相似文献   
10.
用剩余污泥对活性黑KN-B进行吸附研究,考察了pH、吸附时间、温度、盐类和污泥量等对活性黑KN-B吸附的影响.结果表明,剩余污泥对活性黑KN-B的吸附是一个快速过程,吸附时间可控制在30 min;其吸附过程可以用准二级动力学模型进行描述和预测;温度对污泥吸附活性黑KN-B产生的影响较小;其吸附等温线,25℃、35℃时与Freundlich方程拟合良好,45℃时则可以由Langmuir方程更好地描述.未调pH的剩余污泥,对pH≤2的废水中活性黑KN-B吸附性能良好;剩余污泥pH为1时,对pH<12的废水中活性黑KN-B均可有效吸附;氯化钠浓度低于500 mg/L或氯化钠和硫酸钠的混合盐浓度低于100 mg/L时,有利于吸附;氯化钠浓度高于500 mg/L、混合盐浓度高于100 mg/L或单独加入硫酸钠后,随盐浓度的增加,吸附量呈下降趋势.  相似文献   
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