重庆市北碚区经济、社会和资源环境协调度分析

一个地区经济、社会和资源环境的协调发展状况直接反映区域的可持续发展能力。重庆市北碚区作为"城乡结合"型的国家可持续发展实验区，其可持续发展能力对重庆市乃至整个西部地区的可持续发展都将产生较强的示范作用。为将北碚建设成为国家可持续发展示范区，探讨有北碚特色的可持续发展模式，首先建立反映北碚区经济、社会和资源环境发展状况的指标体系；在此基础上,利用SPSS软件对数据进行因子分析，得到三大体系的综合评价指数；将综合评价指数代入eview软件选择适合的回归方程，再利用模糊数学的方法，计算出成立试验区以来北碚的经济、社会和资源环境的协调发展度；最后在综合评价指数和协调度的基础上，发现北碚区协调发展的主要问题并给出建议。     

Environmental impact and human exposure to PCBs in Guiyu, an electronic waste recycling site in China

PCB levels in fish (collected from local rivers), atmosphere and human milk samples have been studied to determine the exposure levels of PCBs for local residents and e-waste workers in Guiyu, a major electronic waste scrapping center in China. The source appointment and correlation analyses showed that homologue composition of PCBs in 7 species of fish were consistent and similar to commercial PCBs Aroclor 1248. PCB levels in air surrounding the open burning site were significantly higher than those in residential area. Inhalation exposure contributed 27% and 93% to the total body loadings (the sum of dietary and inhalation exposure) of the local residents, and e-waste workers engaged in open burning respectively. Total PCB concentrations in human milk ranged from N.D. to 57.6 ng/g lipid, with an average of 9.50 ng/g lipid. The present results indicated that commercial PCBs derived from e-waste recycling are major sources of PCBs accumulating in different environmental media, leading to the accumulation of high chlorinated biphenyls in human beings.     

Improved land cover and emission factors for modeling biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions from Hong Kong

This paper describes a study of local biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) emissions from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). An improved land cover and emission factor database was developed to estimate Hong Kong emissions using MEGAN, a BVOC emission model developed by Guenther et al. (2006). Field surveys of plant species composition and laboratory measurements of emission factors were combined with other data to improve existing land cover and emission factor data. The BVOC emissions from Hong Kong were calculated for 12 consecutive years from 1995 to 2006. For the year 2006, the total annual BVOC emissions were determined to be 12,400 metric tons or 9.82 × 10⁹ g C (BVOC carbon). Isoprene emission accounts for 72%, monoterpene emissions account for 8%, and other VOCs emissions account for the remaining 20%. As expected, seasonal variation results in a higher emission in the summer and a lower emission in the winter, with emission predominantly in day time. A high emission of isoprene occurs for regions, such as Lowest Forest-NT North, dominated by broadleaf trees. The spatial variation of total BVOC is similar to the isoprene spatial variation due to its high contribution. The year to year variability in emissions due to weather was small over the twelve-year period (?1.4%, 2006 to 1995 trendline), but an increasing trend in the annual variation due to an increase in forest land cover can be observed (+7%, 2006 to 1995 trendline). The results of this study demonstrate the importance of accurate land cover inputs for biogenic emission models and indicate that land cover change should be considered for these models.     

Effect of Moisture on the Pollutant Concentration Measurement

The effects of removing moisture from gaseous samples on the measurement of pollutant concentration were studied. Simple mathematical analysis was conducted to derive the formula for correcting the measured results. It was found that the error increases with increase in relative humidity or increase in temperature. The error may become significant under extreme conditions.     

Numerical study on the ozone formation inside street canyons using a chemistry box model

Tropospheric ozone is a secondary air pollutant produced in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NO_x),volatile organic compounds (VOCs),and solar radiation.In an urban environment,ground-level vehicular exhaust is the major anthropogenic source of ozone precursors.In the cases of street canyons,pollutant dilution is weakened by the surrounding buildings that creates localized high concentration of NO_x and VOCs,and thus leads to high potential of ozone formation.By considering the major physical and chemica...     

第一次全国污染源普查档案归档工作的探讨

本文对污染源普查档案工作归纳总结,它是普查工作保留的重要成果,也为将来的环境监测、环境管理提供重要的依据。