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园林植物滞留不同粒径大气颗粒物的特征及规律 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为研究常用园林植物滞留大气颗粒物的能力,本文以北京市常用园林植物为例,应用直接采样、电镜分析和统计分析的方法,对选定园林植物滞留不同粒径大气颗粒物的特征及规律进行了系统分析。结果表明:(1)园林植物滞留的颗粒物形状为不规则块体、球体和聚合体,通过对比分析得出,滞留大气颗粒物能力由高到低的微形态结构依次是蜡质结构〉绒毛〉沟槽〉条状突起,并且这些微形态结构越密集、深浅差别越大,越有利于滞留大气颗粒物。(2)以园林植物叶片滞留颗粒物的数量进行统计时,得出园林植物叶片表面大部分为PM10(Dp≤10μm),均在98%以上,而PM2.5(Dp≤2.5μm)均在90%以上,粗颗粒物(Dp〉10μm)的数量对总体数量的贡献非常小,均在2%以下;以体积进行统计时,得出PM10的体积在总体积中的比例在50%以上,对颗粒物总体积贡献最大,滞留的PM2.5体积占总体积8.5%-17.6%,粗颗粒物(Dp〉10μm)体积占总体积20%以上。(3)对园林植物滞留颗粒物累积规律分析得出:在相同观测叶面积下,园林植物滞尘10 d的叶表面颗粒物数量较滞尘5 d的叶表面颗粒物数量均有所增加,增幅最大的是小叶黄杨(Buxus microphylla),增幅最小的是月季(Rosa chinensis),通过方差分析得出绦柳(Salix matsudana f.pendula)叶表面颗粒物数量显著低于除银杏(Ginkgo biloba)之外的其它7种树种,大叶黄杨(Euonymus japonicus)、小叶黄杨和国槐( Sophora japonica)叶表面滞留颗粒物的数量较多,并且显著高于月季、银杏和绦柳叶表面滞留的颗粒物数量;滞尘10 d后园林植物叶表面滞留的颗粒物的总面积均未超过观测叶面积的25%,至于叶片持续滞留颗粒物多少天后达到饱和状态仍需进一步研究。 相似文献
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The kinetic parameters and the purification rates of the hybrid cell Foaz in soybean processing wastewater (SPW) were measured through a shaking reaction and in two automatic regulated control stable fermentation systems (ARCSFS). The maximum specific growth rate of Foaz was 0.576 h‐1, higher than that of one of its parental strains Rhodobacter sphaeroides P9479 and lower than that of another parental strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y9407. The BOD5 removal rate of Foaz in the No. 1 system was 61.3%, higher than those of both its parental strains when the influent BOD5 concentration was 4600 mg/L. The results of this study suggest that the hybrid Foaz has a better capacity of the degradation of organic pollutants in SPW than its parental strains and it may be applicable to the treatment of high concentration organic wastewater. 相似文献
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Peng Hao Zhang Chenyu Hao Zhihui Jiang Songting Guo Jing Huang Huisheng Li Bing 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(3):1569-1575
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Research on metal recovery from waste is gaining interest in the context of the circular economy. Actual hydrometallurgical methods allow to recover vanadium from... 相似文献
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为研究城市道路两侧不同绿化带宽度及不同植物群落配置模式对消减大气中PM2.5浓度的作用,选择北京市四环主干道旁3种典型植物群落配置类型作为试验监测点,对0 m、6 m、16 m、26 m、36 m不同绿带宽度下PM2.5浓度分布与变化进行监测,并对其消减能力进行计算,分析PM2.5浓度变化与道路车流量、绿化带宽度及植物群落配置模式之间的关系。结果表明:(1)PM2.5浓度的日变化与车流量的日变化特征一致,道路绿地空气中PM2.5浓度的日变化呈现双峰单谷型特征,即早晚高、白天低,PM2.5浓度在8:00-10:00的交通早高峰期间增加,而后开始下降,到12:00-14:00左右达到最低值,之后呈持续上升状态,直至晚高峰19:00浓度达一天中的最大值。(2)不同植物群落配置模式对大气中PM2.5浓度的消减作用不同,群落内郁闭度高的多复层结构绿地对PM2.5消减作用优于郁闭度低的单层配置绿地模式;(3)分别对3类空气质量条件下,道路绿地对PM2.5消减作用进行评价。无污染或轻度污染(PM2.5〈100μg·m-3)环境下,绿地对PM2.5消减作用明显,26 m及36 m的绿带处消减作用最强,最高可达12.22%;中度污染(101μg·m-3201μg·m-3)天气条件下3种绿地对PM2.5的消减作用均不明显。 相似文献
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运用QSARs方法比较和预测取代苯类化合物的毒性 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
本文运用QSARs方法比较了惰性化合物卤代苯和次惰性化合物硝基苯类,苯胺类化合物对金鱼的急性毒性试验,鱼肝脏内控制ATP水解的Na^+、K^+-ATP酶不知力试验以及发光菌毒性试验。 相似文献
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Measurements of PM10 and PM2.5 in urban area of Nanjing,China and the assessment of pulmonary deposition of particle mass 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Measurement of PM10 and PM2.5 was carried out at six sites of Nanjing, China in the period of February-May 2001. The pH and conductivity of water-soluble matter of PM10 and PM2.5 were determined, and the samples were analyzed for total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC) and inorganic carbon (IC) of the water-soluble fraction. The distribution of aerosol mass concentration in size was also measured at one site SB by a nine-stage impactor followed to assess the pulmonary deposition of particles in different tracts of the human respiratory system. Compared with National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of the USA, the level of PM10 and PM2.5 in Nanjing was much higher. Especially for site SY, the average particle mass concentrations (774.5 micrograms/m3 for PM10 and 481.4 micrograms/m3 for PM2.5) were more than five times the NAAQS standard. At site SB aerosol mass distribution in size had shown the similar characteristics with accumulation (Dp < 1 micron) and coarse (Dp > 1 micron) modes. More than 70% of total suspended particles is of a size that they are deposited in the respiratory tract below trachea, whereas about 22% of the mass is respirable and will reach the alveoli. Water-soluble fractions of PM10 and PM2.5 in Nanjing are acidic, and the pH of PM2.5 is lower than that of PM10. OC makes up the majority of TC and accounts for 3-14% of mass concentration of PM10 and/or PM2.5, while IC only accounts for 0.1-0.5% of PM10 and/or PM2.5 mass. 相似文献
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