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1.
Antonella?De?DonnoEmail author Tiziana?Grassi Francesco?Bagordo Adele?Idolo Francesca?Serio Giovanni?Gabutti 《Food and environmental virology》2012,4(2):81-88
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that shellfish can be used to detect enteric viruses in marine waters where they
are present at very low concentrations. Aqua-cultured mussels were placed in the sea just off the mouth of a drainage channel
affected by human and animal faecal contamination. Samples were taken from the channel, the sea and the mussels at intervals
over two 4-week periods. The samples were tested to verify the presence of both rotaviruses and E. coli. Rotaviruses were detected by Real Time-PCR, typed by multiplex PCR and subsequently sequenced. E. coli was enumerated in water matrices by a filtering method and in mussels by the MPN method. The presence of E. coli in the examined matrices demonstrates contamination of faecal origin throughout the studied environments. Rotaviruses were
recorded in channel waters, but not in sea water. In both experiments, rotaviruses were detected in mussels 21 and 28 days
after being placed in the sea water off the channel mouth. The use of mussels thus enabled the detection of rotaviruses in
waters where the high dilution rendered direct investigation impossible. This study indicates that mussels can be used in
marine virological surveillance programs. 相似文献
2.
Grisoli P Rodolfi M Chiara T Zonta LA Dacarro C 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(7):4171-4180
The proliferation of air-diffused microorganisms inside public buildings such as schools, hospitals, and universities, is often indicated as a possible health risk. In this research, we have illustrated the results of an investigation realized to determine the health of the air in some university classrooms, both from a microbiological and a microclimatic viewpoint, during the normal didactic activity of direct lessons. The results obtained have been expressed by means of contamination indices, already used in previous works. Very little contamination was recorded in the different phases of air treatment, which underlines the efficiency of the system and of the maintenance protocols. The Global Index of Microbial Contamination (GIMC per cubic meter) showed a value greater than the mean during the heating period (290), while the highest values (95th percentile 1,138.45) were recorded in the period using air conditioning. The index of mesophilic bacterial contamination, though it did not show any significant differences in the various modes of air treatment, showed a mean value (1.34) and the 95th percentile value (4.14), which was greater in the air-conditioning phase. Finally, the mean value of the amplification index underlined a decrease in the microbial contamination in comparison to the outside, while showing situations of increased microbial amplification during the period of simple ventilation (95th percentile 4.27). The 95th percentile values found for GICM in the three sampling periods, however, permitted us to identify the value of GIMC per cubic meter equal to 1,000 as a guide to provide a means of self-monitoring the quality of the air inside the classrooms. From a microclimatic viewpoint, two periods of the year manifested discomfort situations: during the heating phase (winter) and during the simple ventilation phase (spring). The results obtained indicate, therefore, a need to intervene on the environmental parameters, not being able, in this particular case, to intervene on other aspects that influence the microclimate. 相似文献
3.
Manuela C Francesco T Tiziana C Assunta C Lara S Nadia N Giorgia A Barbara S Maria F Carlotta C Valeria DG Pia SM Gianfranco T Angela S 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(6):1542-1550
To evaluate exposure to benzene in urban and rural areas, an investigation into personal exposure to benzene in traffic policemen, police drivers and rural (roadmen) male outdoor workers was carried out. Personal samples and data acquired using fixed monitoring stations located in different areas of the city were used to measure personal exposure to benzene in 62 non-smoker traffic policemen, 22 police drivers and 57 roadmen. Blood benzene, urinary trans-trans muconic acid (t,t-MA) and S-phenyl-mercapturic acid (S-PMA) were measured at the end of work shift in 62 non-smoker traffic policemen, 22 police drivers and 57 roadmen and 34 smoker traffic policemen, 21 police drivers and 53 roadmen. Exposure to benzene was similar among non-smoker traffic policemen and police drivers and higher among non-smoker urban workers compared to rural workers. Blood benzene, t,t-MA and S-PMA were similar among non-smoker traffic policemen and police drivers; blood benzene and t,t-MA were significantly higher in non-smoker urban workers compared to rural workers. Significant increases in t,t-MA were found in smokers vs. non-smokers. In non-smoker urban workers airborne benzene and blood benzene, and t,t-MA and S-PMA were significantly correlated. This study gives an evaluation of the exposure to benzene in an urban area, comparing people working in the street or in cars, to people working in a rural area. Benzene is a certain carcinogen for humans. The results we showed should lead to more in-depth studies about the effects on health of these categories of workers. 相似文献
4.
Tiziana Ulian Moctar Sacandé Alex Hudson Efisio Mattana 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2017,60(4):668-683
Through the MGU – Useful Plants Project (2007–2015) led by the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, high-quality seed collections and research information have been gathered on useful indigenous plants selected by communities in Botswana, Kenya, Mali, South Africa, and Mexico. Local communities were trained in seed conservation, plant propagation, and planting activities, while revenue generation was promoted directly through the sustainable use of plants and plant products and indirectly through wider environmental and cultural services. The success of this project was determined by its participative approach, involving local communities in plant conservation activities and using plant research to support it. However, the promotion of sustainable use and income generation highlighted issues that confirmed the importance of using a ‘holistic approach’ to address the objective of poverty reduction and contribute to improved livelihoods in the communities. 相似文献
5.
Maria E. Noce Tiziana Belfiore Stefano Scalercio Veronica Vizzarri Nino Iannotta 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):442-448
Decreasing pesticide use in olive groves is central to controlling pathogens and pests such as Bactrocera oleae. This has led to the development of mass trapping devices which not only minimize pesticide use but, with improved efficacy of attractants, also decrease costs associated with pest control and ensures that the quality of olive oil is safe for human consumption. This study was undertaken to test a new device which utilizes reduced quantities of both insecticide (lambda-cyalothrin) as well as the female olive fly pheromone (1,7-dioxaspiro-(5.5)-undecane). The new device was tested against an older device manufactured by the same company. The use of plastic polymers as substrate for encapsulating the pheromone allowed for a slower pheromone release, prolonging the efficacy and duration and thus reducing costs. The density of adult populations was monitored using yellow chromotropic traps that were checked every ten days and the degree of olive infestation, as determined by preimago stages, was assessed by analyzing 100 drupes per plot. Infestation analyses were performed every ten days. The control plot had the lowest density of adults and the highest drupe infestation rate. The new devices were more effective than the older devices in both attracting adults and controlling infestation of drupes. Moreover, the new devices containing reduced amounts of pheromone and insecticide were cheaper and exhibited longer functional efficacy. In addition to the slower release of attractants, the plastic polymers used in these newer devices were also more resistant to mechanical and weather degradations. Results demonstrate that mass trapping can indeed be an effective means of controlling B. oleae via eco-sustainable olive farming. 相似文献
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7.
Marino Tiziana Galiano Francesco Simone Silvia Figoli Alberto 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(15):14774-14785
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The possibility of replacing traditional toxic solvents normally employed during the preparation of polymeric membranes with greener alternatives... 相似文献
8.
The control of biodegradable substances is the key issue in evaluating the short and long-term emission potential and environmental impact of a landfill.Aerobic and anaerobic indices, such as respirometric index (RI) and biomethane potential production (GB21), can be used in the estimation of the stability of solid waste samples.Previous studies showed different degrees of relationship between BOD5/COD ratio compared with RI4.Aim of this study is to standardize the parameter BOD5/COD ratio and to test the methodology under different operating conditions (dynamic or static leaching and leaching duration, 6 and 24-h) keeping constant temperature and liquid/solid ratio (L/S = 10 l/kgTS), with the introduction of a COD fractioning method. The COD fractioning is based on the differentiation between the soluble fraction (CODsol) and the colloidal fraction (CODcoll) using a flocculation method.The BOD5/COD and the BOD5/CODsol indices are both consistent and significant and can be used as stability indices.The BOD5/COD ratio does not seem to be influenced, for the same test duration, by the type of test, static or dynamic. In the same way the longer test duration (24-h) does not influence significantly the values of BOD5/COD ratio. As a consequence a leaching test duration of 6-h is preferable to avoid the beginning of the hydrolysis and oxidation processes. 相似文献
9.
Molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical tools have been used to explore the conformational space of (+)(3S,4S)-multifidene bioactive compounds. All the computations have been performed in the absence and presence of the solvent, simulated by the explicit introduction of a number of water molecules or by the polarized continuum model (PCM). Three conformational minima, both in vacuo and in water (simulated by PCM tool), have been confirmed at ab initio level of theory (B3LYP and MP2). All minima lie in a very narrow range of energy, and the interconversion between them is possible with a small amount of energy expense. 相似文献
10.
Marco Casu Daniela Casu Tiziana Lai Piero Cossu Marco Curini-Galletti 《Marine Biology》2006,149(5):1163-1174
The giant Mediterranean limpet Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 is an endangered marine gastropod, whose range has progressively shrinked to few, restricted areas, due to intense human exploitation. We have studied the genetic structure of the species, in order to (1) gather information about the levels of genetic variability within and between natural populations of P. ferruginea collected in two Sardinian marine protected areas (MPAs) (Penisola del Sinis—Isola di Mal di Ventre and Isola dell’ Asinara), and (2) make an attempt to find relationships between ecological and biological attributes of the species and the genetic differentiation of the populations studied. The genetic study was carried out by means of the analysis of ten inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers on a total of 40 individuals collected at four localities. Genetic analysis evidenced (1) medium to high levels of within-population genetic variability, (2) a pattern of genetic structuring that varied with spatial scales, and (3) a strong genetic differentiation between the two MPAs. Although preliminary, these results suggest that gene flow may be present only at very small geographic scale, raising concerns on the future of the conservation of the species. 相似文献