Influence of different inoculation densities of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) on heavy metal immobilization in swine manure

The disposal of organic waste by the biocomposting of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) has drawn broad attention. However, the discrepancies in heavy metal immobilization between BSFL biocomposting with different inoculation densities and aerobic composting need to be further researched. In this study, BSFL with inoculation densities of 0.08%, 0.24% and 0.40% was added to swine manure to investigate its influence on heavy metal bioaccumulation and bioavailability. The physicochemical properties, BSFL growth performance and amino acid contents were measured. The results showed that the germination index, total prepupal yield and bioavailable fraction removal rate (%) of Cr and Pb at an inoculation density of 0.40% of BSFL were the highest among all of the BSFL biocomposting groups. Although the bioaccumulation factor and heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn) concentrations of the BSFL body from swine manure with inoculation densities of 0.24% and 0.40% of BSFL were similar, the BSFL inoculation density of 0.40% had the best absorption effect on these heavy metals in terms of total prepupal yield. Therefore, this study provides a basis for exploring the optimal inoculation density of BSFL biocomposting to reduce the harmful effects of heavy metals in swine manure.

     

A method for removing persulfate interference in the analysis of the chemical oxygen demand in wastewater

Environmental Chemistry Letters - In recent years, sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation has received increasing attention for the treatment of water and wastewater....     

复合人工湿地对陆基水产养殖废水中氮磷的净化及其微生物群落特征

高密度陆基水产养殖外排废水中的氮(N)、磷(P)浓度往往远高于传统的塘库养殖而对周边环境带来更大的压力。为探究复合人工湿地系统对陆基水产养殖外排废水中N、P的净化效果及其微生物群落特征,本文以“高效生态浮床单元-垂直流人工湿地单元-沉水植物池单元”三级不同类型湿地单元构成的复合人工湿地系统为研究对象,研究不同干湿交替时间下该系统对模拟高密度陆基水产养殖外排废水中N、P的净化效果,并揭示系统内各湿地单元植物根系和填料中微生物群落的结构特征。结果表明,复合人工湿地系统在不同干湿交替时间下对NO₃⁻-N、NO₂⁻-N、NH₄⁺-N、TN、TP的平均去除率分别为99.04%~99.43%、98.72%~100%、93.89%~95.26%、92.23%~98.60%、56.85%~77.50%。各湿地单元植物中不同类型植物分析结果表明,高效生态浮床单元中巨菌草的根系活力、POD酶活性、生物量均明显优于垂直流人工湿地单元中的美人蕉和沉水植物池单元中的狐尾藻(P<0.05),且植物中N、P含量呈现沿流向逐级减少的趋势,与各湿地单元排水中的污染物浓度所呈现的逐级降低的规律相一致。各湿地单元N、P去除途径的分析结果表明,一级单元微生物作用(74.42%)和一级、二级单元填料吸附 (13.05%和38.70%) 分别是N和P元素的主要归趋途径。各湿地单元植物根系和填料中微生物群落分析结果表明,植物根系及填料微生物的共同优势菌门主要有Proteobacteria、Chloroflexi、Actinobacteria、Bacteroidetes。属水平上各级湿地单元存在的优势菌属存在明显差异,其中生态浮床单元优势菌属相对丰度最高,主要有Chloronema、unclassified_p__Chloroflexi、Candidatus_Competibacter等。基于FAPROTAX数据库功能预测结果表明,各湿地单元植物根系和填料中化能异养型(12.43%~27.19%)和好氧化能异养型(10.11%~26.46%)细菌功能群占优势,且氮循环相关功能的发现表明细菌在复合人工湿地系统除氮过程中起着关键作用。以上结果说明,经不同类型湿地单元功能菌群与湿地植物的协同作用,可使该系统对高密度陆基水产养殖外排废水中的特征污染物N、P具有较好的生态净化效果。     

氧环境改变对陆基循环水养殖鱼粪碳、氮、磷释放特征及细菌群落的影响

为探究氧环境改变对陆基循环水养殖系统（RAS)中鲈鱼粪氮(N)、磷(P)、溶解性有机质(DOM)释放特征及鱼粪细菌群落多样性的影响,采用室内模拟的方法,分析氧环境(好氧、厌氧)改变对鱼粪及其上覆水理化性质及鱼粪细菌群落特征的影响,并揭示其间的相关关系。结果表明,第1~16天,厌氧处理上覆水中NH₄⁺-N、TP、COD和TOC质量浓度明显高于好氧处理,在第16~33 天,NH₄⁺-N质量浓度持续增加、TP质量浓度低于好氧处理组、COD和TOC质量浓度降低但仍高于好氧处理。三维荧光光谱表明,氧环境改变下上覆水DOM主要成分是蛋白质、腐殖质类物质,但厌氧条件下各组分含量均较高。细菌群落分析表明,不同处理鱼粪细菌群落相对丰度存在差异,优势菌门为Proteobacteria、Firmicutes、Actinobacteria、Bacteroidetes、Chloroflexi,相对丰度均大于5%;厌氧处理组优势菌属为Acinetobacter、Clostridium_sensu_stricto_13、Propioniciclava、Ornithinibacter,好氧处理组优势菌属为Acinetobacte、Kurthia、Comamonas、Propioniciclava。细菌群落聚类特征与环境因子相关性表明,随反应时间增加,氧环境改变下细菌群落结构趋于相似;厌氧处理下DOM(C1、C2、C4)、反应时间、COD、TOC、鱼粪TN、鱼粪TP、NO₃⁻-N是影响细菌属的关键环境因子,好氧处理下仅有部分细菌属与反应时间、EC、DOM(C1、C2、C4)、NH₄⁺-N具有显著相关性(P<0.05)。厌氧处理能够显著影响鱼粪及上覆水的理化性质,促进氮、磷及有机质释放,并在一定程度上影响细菌群落结构和多样性,其次是好氧处理。