Ultrasound-assisted electrodeposition synthesis of nZVI-Pd/AC toward reductive degradation of methylene blue

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A novel composite (nZVI/Pd-AC) was prepared by loading nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and Pd on activated carbon (AC) electrode under...     

1968～2018年洞庭湖江湖连通河道松滋口冲淤变化特征

探究江湖连通河道演变态势是评估重大人类活动事件对江湖关系变化影响的重要环节。以洞庭湖—荆江三口中松滋口河道为研究对象，通过建立其河道长期的水位—流量关系曲线分析其河道的冲淤变化特征，对其河道冲淤变化驱动因素进行分析，并采用实测河道断面资料验证其结果的可靠性。结果表明：水位—流量关系曲线法分析河道地形冲淤演变特征与实测横断面地形资料分析结果一致，松滋口河道同流量下水位下降对应于该时期河道冲刷，同流量下水位上升对应于河道淤积。不同时期松滋口东西分支河道冲淤变化主要驱动因素不同。1968～1981年间，下荆江裁弯引起的河势变化是西支新江口河道冲刷与东支沙道观河道淤积的主要诱因。1981～2003年间，其东西两支河道淤积主要是由于葛洲坝运行后引起的上荆江河道冲刷导致的。2003～2018年间，其河道冲刷主要是由于三峡大坝运行引起的河道水沙比例的大幅改变导致的。     

4种不同生境的蟹类金属硫蛋白cDNA的克隆与比较

利用Carcinus maenas金属硫蛋白氨基酸序列资料，用全简并引物从鳃组织总RNA中扩增并克隆了首个甲壳类金属硫蛋白cDNA片段序列，3'-RACE获得了其编码区全长cDNA。之后，用部分简并的引物扩增并克隆了其它3种国内常见蟹类的金属硫蛋白cDNA编码区全长序列。序列分析结果表明，几种蟹的金属硫蛋白cDNA序列存在差异，推知的氨基酸序列也不完全相同，比较不同蟹的cDNA和氨基酸序列数据不能证明不同生态环境对金属硫蛋白的分子进化起重要作用。图4表1参15     

Effect of combined addition amount of nano zero-valent iron and biochar on methane production by anaerobic digestion of corn straw

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an attractive straw resource treatment technology as it can improve the utilization efficiency of straw resource. Raw straw...     

Study on cooperative strategies of rural water environment governance PPP project between companies and farmers from the perspective of evolutionary game

Environment, Development and Sustainability - The PPP mode of rural water environment governance was conducive to attracting social capital for giving full play to the decisive role of the market...     

pH值对亚硝酸盐氧化菌动力学及功能基因的影响

为探究pH值对亚硝酸盐氧化菌（NOB）活性动力学影响,本试验采用序批式活性污泥（SBR）反应器,以富含NOB的活性污泥为对象,基于Monod模型考察不同pH值对NOB活性动力学的影响并进行统计学分析.结果表明,Monod方程可较好地反映不同pH值条件下基质底物浓度对NOB比亚硝态氮氧化速率（SNiOR）的影响,且pH=7.0时动力学参数Ks为（6.167mg/L）,r_max为[1.134g/（g·d）],此时NOB活性最好.利用钟形经验模型进行非线性回归拟合,最大比降解速率（r_max）随pH值的增大呈钟形变化,本试验NOB的最佳pH值为（6.9±0.1）,其中r_max维持在r_opt一半以上的pH值范围（ω）为（3.26±0.4）.以亚硝酸盐氧化还原酶类基因（nxrA、nxrB）为引物,基于荧光定量PCR技术分析结果显示,在不同pH值条件下nxrA基因和nxrB基因拷贝数的变化趋势均与动力学参数（Ks、r_max）的规律一致,且nxrA和nxrB基因在系统的降解过程中起协同作用.     

大纵坡城市道路透水边带截留能力试验

道路是城市重要的交通纽带,一旦发生积水内涝,将导致城市交通瘫痪,甚至危及生命财产安全,特别是山地城市道路普遍存在纵坡大、雨水口截留效率低等突出问题,发生积水内涝和马路洪水的风险较高。针对上述问题,提出了利用透水边带提高大纵坡城市道路雨水径流截留效率的方法。在实验室搭建了城市单车道物理试验模型(比例1∶1),采用人工模拟降雨方法,系统研究了不同透水面积比、不同重现期降雨条件下透水边带对雨水径流的截留效率,并与传统道路雨水口截留能力进行了比较。试验结果表明:相同透水面积比条件下,雨水径流截留能力随着重现期的增大而减小;相同重现期条件下,雨水径流截留能力随着透水面积比的增加而增大,在重现期P=5 a时,透水边带面积比从12.5%增加到50%,雨水径流截留率从72.3%增加到79.3%。与传统雨水口截留能力相比,增加透水边带后雨水径流截留能力可提高30%左右。因此,大纵坡城市道路在不影响交通安全的条件下,可根据道路空间布局特征,通过设置透水边带来提高雨水径流的截流效率。     

基于“BIM+GIS”技术的建筑垃圾精准管控信息管理平台研究初探

近年来,我国建筑垃圾产量不断增加,全国600多座大中城市中有70%被垃圾所包围,其中建筑垃圾贡献率达到40%,而相比于部分发达国家,我国尚缺少针对于建筑垃圾的全过程实时监测与智能管控手段。将"BIM+GIS"技术引入建筑垃圾监管领域,并基于此技术建立建筑垃圾实时监测与智能管控信息管理平台,可实现对建筑垃圾的精准管控。     

An investigation of changes in water quality throughout the drinking water production/distribution chain using toxicological and fluorescence analyses

Changes in water quality from source water to finished water and tap water at two conventional drinking water treatment plants(DWTPs) were monitored.Beside the routine water quality testing,Caenorhabditis elegans-based toxicity assays and the fluorescence excitation–emission matrices technique were also applied.Both DWTPs supplied drinking water that met government standards.Under current test conditions,both the investigated finished water and tap water samples exhibited stronger lethal,genotoxic and reprotoxic potential than the relative source water sample,and the tap water sample was more lethal but tended to be less genotoxic than the corresponding finished water sample.Meanwhile,the nearly complete removal of tryptophan-like substances and newly generated tyrosine-like substances were observed after the treatment of drinking water,and humic-like substances were identified in the tap water.Based on these findings,toxic pollutants,including genotoxic/reproductive toxicants,are produced in the drinking water treatment and/or distribution processes.Moreover,further studies are needed to clarify the potentially important roles of tyrosine-like and humic-like substances in mediating drinking water toxicity and to identify the potential sources of these contaminants.Additionally,tryptophan-like fluorescence may be adopted as a useful parameter to monitor the treatment performance of DWTPs.Our observations provided insights into the importance of utilizing biotoxicity assays and fluorescence spectroscopy as tools to complement the routine evaluation of drinking water.     

Plasmonic silver/silver oxide nanoparticles anchored bismuth vanadate as a novel visible-light ternary photocatalyst for degrading pharmaceutical micropollutants

The degradation of pharmaceutical micropollutants is an intensifying environmental problem and synthesis of efficient photocatalysts for this purpose is one of the foremost challenges worldwide. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop novel plasmonic Ag/Ag₂O/BiVO₄ nanocomposite photocatalysts by simple precipitation and thermal decomposition methods, which could exhibit higher photocatalytic activity for mineralized pharmaceutical micropollutants. Among the different treatments, the best performance was observed for the Ag/Ag₂O/BiVO₄ nanocomposites (5 wt.%; 10 min's visible light irradiation) which exhibited 6.57 times higher photodegradation rate than the pure BiVO₄. Further, the effects of different influencing factors on the photodegradation system of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) were investigated and the feasibility for its practical application was explored through the specific light sources, water source and cycle experiments. The mechanistic study demonstrated that the photogenerated holes (h⁺), superoxide radicals (?O₂^?) and hydroxyl radicals (?OH) participated in TC-HCl removal process, which is different from the pure BiVO₄ reaction system. Hence, the present work can provide a new approach for the formation of novel plasmonic photocatalysts with high photoactivity and can act as effective practical application for environmental remediation.