Coupling mechanism of activated carbon mixed with dust for flue gas desulfurization and denitrification

To clarify the effect of coking dust, sintering dust and fly ash on the activity of activated carbon for various industrial flue gas desulfurization and denitrification, the coupling mechanism of the mixed activated carbon and dust was investigated to provide theoretical reference for the stable operation. The results show that coking dust had 34% desulfurization efficiency and 10% denitrification efficiency; correspondingly, sintering dust and fly ash had no obvious desulfurization and denitrification activities. For the mixture of activated carbon and dust, the coking dust reduced the desulfurization and denitrification efficiencies by blocking the pores of activated carbon, and its inhibiting effect on activated carbon was larger than its own desulfurization and denitrification activity. The sintering dust also reduced the desulfurization efficiency on the activated carbon while enhancing the denitrification efficiency. Fly ash blocked the pores of activated carbon and reduced its reaction activity. The reaction activity of coking dust mainly came from the surface functional groups, similar to that of activated carbon. The reaction activity of sintering dust mainly came from the oxidative property of Fe₂O₃, which oxidized NO to NO₂ and promoted the fast selectively catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO to form N₂. Sintering dust was activated by the joint action of activated carbon, and both had a coupling function. Sintering dust enhanced the adsorption and oxidation of NO, and activated carbon further promoted the reduction of NO_x by NH₃; thus, the denitrification efficiency increased by 5%-7% on the activated carbon.     

Estimating sampling frequency in pollen exposure assessment over time

A time series model was fitted to the pollen concentration data collected in the Greater Cincinnati area for the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study (CCAAPS). A traditional time series analysis and temporal variogram approach were applied to the regularly spaced databases (collected in 2003) and irregularly spaced ones (collected in 2002), respectively. The aim was to evaluate the effect of the sampling frequency on the sampling precision in terms of inverse of standard error of the overall level of mean value across time. The presence of high autocorrelation in the data was confirmed and indicated some degree of temporal redundancy in the pollen concentration data. Therefore, it was suggested that sampling frequency could be reduced from once a day to once every several days without a major loss of sampling precision of the overall mean over time. Considering the trade-offs between sampling frequency and the possibility of sampling bias increasing with larger sampling interval, we recommend that the sampling interval should take values from 3 to 5 days for the pollen monitoring program, if the goal is to track the long-term average.     

塑变成形旋轮的形状及应用

此文介绍了金属旋压成形轮的轮廓参数之间的关系,以及不同旋轮外形的应用侧重面.     

底泥浸出液对脊尾白虾抗氧化解毒酶及相关基因表达的影响

以脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)糠虾幼体为实验材料,研究底泥浸出液对抗氧化解毒酶和基因表达的影响。用长江口水域的底泥浸出液与过滤海水按等比例间距稀释成4个体积浓度水平(1∶4,1∶2,1∶1,1.5∶1),以过滤海水为对照组,每一个浓度组设3个平行样本,进行20 d的毒性实验。结果表明:实验进行20 d,底泥浸出液对糠虾幼体肌肉组织CAT酶活性有一定的诱导作用,浸出液浓度与CAT酶活性表现出正相关的剂量效应关系。实验开始10 d,不同浸出液胁迫下,GST酶活性均出现增加受到诱导,实验20 d后,GST酶活性下降受到抑制作用,但不同浸出液浓度胁迫下抑制和诱导效应关系不明显。虾类肌肉组织3种基因(CAT、GSTD和HSP70)表达量基本都表现为实验开始10 d时升高,而实验20 d后表达量下降,仅为10 d数值的百分之一左右,表明底泥浸出液对CAT、GSTD和HSP70的3种基因的mRNA转录水平表达在一定时间内有一定的诱导作用,但胁迫时间过长时,则产生较明显的抑制作用。     

基于综合生物标志物响应指数评价0~#柴油和平湖原油胁迫下的缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)毒性效应

选择0#柴油和平湖原油乳化液对缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)进行氧化胁迫实验,选取典型的抗氧化酶-超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷光甘肽硫转移酶(GST)及过氧化物酶(POD)用于衡量油类污染物对生物体造成的氧化压力大小.此外,结合综合生物标志物响应(Integrated Biomarker Responses,IBR)指标,对2种石油污染物对缢蛏的毒性响应进行定量化评价.结果表明,不同浓度的0#柴油和平湖原油对缢蛏消化腺中的4种酶表现出不同程度的诱导效应,各试验组在暴露前期均表现出诱导或抑制,但对4种酶的影响存在时间顺序性,SOD、CAT和GST的酶活性表现为升高-降低的过程,POD表现为降低-升高的过程,活性达到峰值的时间SOD和CAT要早于GST和POD.结合计算出的IBR数值来看,高浓度0#柴油能够引起最为显著的生物效应变化,显示该石油污染物高毒性的特征,0#柴油生物毒性大于平湖原油生物毒性.     

Sampling over time: developing a cost effective and precise exposure assessment program

Studies requiring ambient exposure assessments invariably ask: How often should measurements be taken? Answer to such questions is dictated by budgetary considerations as well as spatial and temporal variability in the data. For example, do we obtain measurements during all seasons, all months within seasons, weeks within months and days within weeks? On one hand, we can obtain a one-time snapshot sample and regard it as representing the "true" mean exposure. On the other hand, we may obtain a large number of measurements over time and then average these in order to represent this "true" mean exposure. The former estimate is the least expensive but may also be the least precise while the latter, may be very precise but prohibitively costly. In this paper, we demonstrate how a pilot study can be undertaken with a potentially promising and feasible sampling plan for the full-scale study. By applying the statistical methodology of variance component analysis (VCA) to the pilot study data and exploiting mathematical relationship between the variance of the overall mean exposure and posited variance components, we can develop a sampling design with decreased sampling costs and/or increased precision of the mean exposure. Our approach was applied to determine sampling design choices for an on-going study that aimed at assessing ambient particulate matter exposure. We conclude that a pilot study followed by the VCA analysis may often lead to sampling design choices that offer considerable cost savings and, at the same time, promise to provide relatively precise estimates of the mean exposure for the subsequent full-scale study.     

Year-round film mulching system with monitored fertilization management improve grain yield and water and nitrogen use efficiencies of winter wheat in the dryland of the Loess Plateau,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Year-round film mulching in winter wheat field facilitates rainwater storage in summer fallow period and reduces water evaporation in growing reason,...     

硫化物还原Cr(Ⅵ)的反应动力学研究

在恒温和除氧封闭条件下,通过批式试验研究了水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)与S2-的反应动力学及其影响因素.研究结果表明,在恒定溶液pH值(7～9范围内)和硫化物浓度过量时,反应分2个阶段.初始反应阶段(Cr(Ⅵ)反应物消耗约50%～70%区间),反应动力学服从假1级反应规律,lnC-t作图呈线性关系;反应后期(Cr(Ⅵ)反应物剩余大约30%～50%区间),ln C-t曲线出现转折,反应速率明显加速.对过程进行分析,认为硫化物的最初氧化产物为单质S,然后逐渐形成胶体态S,继而胶体态S对硫化物产生强烈吸附作用,提高了硫化物的反应活性,促进了反应的加速进行.胶体态S对硫化物参与的氧化还原反应有明显的催化作用.此外,溶液酸度对总反应速率有显著影响,H+的反应级数为1.     

Carbon consumption and adsorption-regeneration of H2S on activated carbon for coke oven flue gas purification

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Carbon consumption of activated carbon varies with sulfur-containing products. In this work, differential thermogravimetric (DTG), electron...     

台风暴雨灾害风险区划更新实证分析

在缺失原始资料情况下,通过加权处理旧区划图和新的资料,是区划图更新的一个重要途径。以广东省台风暴雨灾害为例,说明如何应用加权更新模型进行区划图更新,并对其进行了检验。实例证明,在原区划理论和方法不变的情况下,通过加权处理新旧资料,可以满意地更新自然灾害风险区划图。