为进一步优化柴油机燃烧过程,减少燃烧污染物排放.围绕EGR(exhaust gas recirculation,废气再循环技术)废气组分和废气温度等系统参数对柴油机燃烧特征的影响机制,采用试验与模拟相结合方法,分别研究了通入废气、N2、CO2时以及不同EGR废气温度时对柴油机燃烧过程的影响,阐明了燃烧关键中间产物的生成规律.结果表明,①通入CO2时,柴油机的缸内最大爆发压力和放热率峰值最低,滞燃期最长,燃烧持续期最短,·OH、H2O2、CH2O·和CO等关键中间组分的生成规律与通入N2时相反.②通入N2时,柴油机的缸内最大爆发压力和放热率峰值最高,滞燃期最短,燃烧持续期最长并;并且通入N2时,·OH的峰值最高,形成时刻最早,H2O2、CH2O·以及CO的峰值均有所降低且形成时刻提前.③随着废气温度增加,缸内最大爆发压力降低,放热率曲线由单峰向双峰分布发展,放热率峰值有较大幅度的降低,滞燃期缩短,燃烧持续延长,缸内·OH、H2O2、CH2O·以及CO的峰值均有所降低,并且生成的区域范围变窄.④废气成分中,CO2对燃烧过程和关键中间产物的影响最大,是阻滞燃烧反应的主要气体成分,通过控制EGR废气成分和温度可以有效改善柴油机燃烧过程,拓宽EGR技术的工况使用范围.研究显示,EGR废气成分对燃烧中间产物的自由基衍化历程影响较大,有必要进一步开展EGR废气成分预处理研究,精确控制EGR废气温度,有助于改善燃烧过程,控制排放污染物中间产物的生成历程和排放量. 相似文献
This study aims to reveal the evolutionary process of particles during the diesel exhaust transport process and to further understand the effects of diesel exhaust transport distance (DET) on a particulate microstructure. Specifically, the micromorphological, particle size distribution, and aggregate characteristics of particles as well as the variation of the structural characteristics of elementary carbon particles (ECPs) as DET changed were examined using an engine exhaust particle size spectrometer, a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy system, and a small-angle X-ray scattering system. The results show the following: As DET increased, the chains gradually lengthened, the extent of accumulation and stacking increased, and a number of clusters gradually rose. The average particle diameter increased from 23.1 nm at 0 m to 92.7 nm at 3 m. In addition, as DET increased, the number of accumulation-mode particles, the number of folded, curved carbon layers in the inner core of carbon particles, and the disorderliness of carbon layers in the outer shell of carbon particles all increased. Moreover, the boundary between the inner core and the outer shell became increasingly obscure. As DET increased, there was a gradual decrease in the difference in electron density between particles, and the fractal dimensionality of the distribution, average cross-sectional size, radius of gyration, and axial length of pores were, respectively, 33.3%, 40%, 38.2%, and 50.3% less at 3 m than at 0 m. Besides that, the number of small (< 3 nm) pores gradually increased, and the number of large (> 10 nm) pores gradually decreased. Overall, as DET increased, pore size and number decreased. There was a gradual increase in the number of folded and curved carbon layers in the inner core of ECPs and an increase in the disorderliness of carbon layers in their outer shell as DET increased. Furthermore, the boundary between the inner core and the outer shell became increasingly obscure as DET increased. The crystallite size of ECPs decreased from 1.365 nm at 0 m to 1.098 nm at 3 m. This suggests that the number of continuously arranged carbon atoms decreased, the arrangement of carbon atoms was more disorderly, and the degree of graphitization decreased. As DET increased, there was a gradual increase in the interlayer spacing and curvature of ECPs. This suggests that increasing DET led to a more disorderly distribution of electron orbitals inside the carbon layers, less electron resonance stability in the carbon layers, greater oxidative activity of ECPs, and greater inherent oxidative capacity of particles.