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Gopal Vijayaraghavan Venkataraman Anush Babu Lokesh Rajan Rishi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(45):63440-63447
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The carbon soot is formed as a consequence of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons and organic matter. It causes respiratory diseases like lung... 相似文献
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Rishi P Woodward CL Kim WK Ricke SC 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2004,39(5-6):861-870
Virulence expression of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium under iron limited condition was measured by beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) assay using a hilA-lacZY fusion strain and calculated as Miller units. hilA-lacZY beta-galactosidase assays were performed in brain heart infusion (BHI) and minimal media (M9), after iron chelation with 2, 2-dipridyl and iron-supplementation respectively. Before performing virulence assays, concentrations of iron in the media were estimated using ferrozine. Iron content was found to be more in BHI (42.6 microg dL(-1)) as compared to M9 (10.03 microg dL(-1)). beta-gal activity of Salmonella Typhimurium in BHI was generally less than that observed in M9. After exposure to various combinations of iron chelator in BHI, hilA-lacZY activity only increased at the highest concentration of chelator (2001 microM) but decreased in M9 media for all iron concentrations when compared to controls with no iron amendment. These results indicate that iron availability may influence S. Typhimurium hilA expression. 相似文献
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Elavarasan Rajvikram Madurai Pugazhendhi Rishi Shafiullah G. M. Kumar Nallapaneni Manoj Arif Mohammad Taufiqul Jamal Taskin Chopra Shauhrat Singh Dyduch Joanna 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(23):33957-33987
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the pursuit of constructing a sustainable world for all through the instrumental seventeen Sustainable Development Goals, the COVID-19 pandemic... 相似文献
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Dumping of solid waste in a non-engineered landfill site often leads to contamination of ground water due to leachate percolation into ground water. The present paper assesses the pollution potential of leachate generated from three non-engineered landfill sites located in the Tricity region (one each in cities of Chandigarh, Mohali and Panchkula) of Northern India and its possible effects of contamination of groundwater. Analysis of physico-chemical properties of leachate from all the three landfill sites and the surrounding groundwater samples from five different downwind distances from each of the landfill sites were collected and tested to determine the leachate pollution index (LPI) and the water quality index (WQI). The Leachate Pollution Index values of 26.1, 27 and 27.8 respectively for landfill sites of Chandigarh (CHD), Mohali (MOH) and Panchkula (PKL) cities showed that the leachate generated are contaminated. The average pH values of the leachate samples over the sampling period (9.2 for CHD, 8.97 for MOH and 8.9 for PKL) show an alkaline nature indicating that all the three landfill sites could be classified as mature to old stage. The WQI calculated over the different downwind distances from the contamination sites showed that the quality of the groundwater improved with an increase in the downwind distance. Principal component analysis (PCA) carried out established major components mainly from natural and anthropogenic sources with cumulative variance of 88% for Chandigarh, 87.1% for Mohali and 87.8% for Panchkula. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) identifies three distinct cluster types for the groundwater samples. These clusters corresponds to a relatively low pollution, moderate pollution and high pollution regions. It is suggested that all the three non-engineered landfill sites be converted to engineered landfill sites to prevent groundwater contamination and also new sites be considered for construction of these engineered landfill sites as the present dumpsites are nearing the end of their lifespan capacity. 相似文献
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Soil adsorption studies of a rice herbicide,cyhalofop-butyl,in two texturally different soils of India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The ability of herbicides to be adsorbed by the soil and sediment and their tendency to be desorbed are some of the most important factors affecting soil and water contamination. Therefore, a sorption study was conducted to evaluate the adsorption of cyhalofop-butyl, butyl (2R)-2-[4-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy) phenoxy] propanoate, in the sandy clay loam and clayey soils using a batch equilibrium method. The adsorption of cyhalofop-butyl was found positively related with the clay and organic carbon content. Freundlich constants (K f) of cyhalofop-butyl in the clayey and sandy clay loam were found to be 13.39 and 2.21, respectively. Sorption coefficients (K oc) and distribution coefficients (K d) were found to be 265.38 and 2,092.79, and 1.38 and 11.48, for sandy clay loam and clayey soils, respectively. The adsorption isotherm suggested a relatively higher affinity of cyhalofop-butyl to the adsorption sites at low equilibrium concentrations. The low value of the soil organic carbon partition coefficient (K oc) of cyhalofop-butyl in the sandy loam soil suggested its weaker adsorption in soil and thus increased its risk of mobility into water sources; hence, it should be used judiciously to prevent groundwater contamination 相似文献
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As one of the dominant large-scale mechanisms proposed to combat climate change, biodiversity loss, and rural poverty, REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) has added further complexity to the challenging governance of rights and resources in global forests. As REDD+ is commodifying carbon, concerns emerge about how carbon ownership and its rights can be accommodated into the existing framework that governs local forest resource rights. The Nepalese government has formally entered into REDD+ policy preparations, but it lacks clear legal provisions regarding key forest tenure rights such as carbon ownership, benefit sharing, and the political participation of community forest user groups from national to local. As a result, Nepal’s policy process points toward performance-based carbon forestry in a way that may undermine and weaken existing community tenure rights and forest tenure security.This paper discusses Nepal’s potential impacts of new REDD+ and carbon ownership arrangements on forest tenure security and community-based forest governance. In a threefold methodological approach, the paper presents three scenarios for a REDD+-oriented tenure reform within the existing framework and assesses their concerns through in-depth qualitative interviews with key stakeholders, representatives, and advocates of Nepal’s community forestry system, complemented by a review of government documents and academic literature of REDD+ lessons so far. The analysis identifies critical concerns for forest tenure security, state-community power relationships, and effective local institutions of the commons, and suggests that Nepal’s REDD+ process is taking place at a particularly consequential time for structural changes of the forest governance framework. 相似文献
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Rishi Raj Khare 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):391-399
This study was conducted to evaluate cyhalofop‐p‐butyl mobility in a sandy loam soil and subsequent distribution of residues at various depths under field conditions. Soil samples were taken from 0 to 150 cm depths at 3–90 d after rains in lysemeter of 1 and 2 m depths. Cyhalofop‐p‐butyl application at two rates and subsequent precipitation had a significant impact on soil, physico‐chemical properties and herbicide mobility. Precipitation caused substantial mobility of cyhalofop‐p‐butyl in the soil and 1.1–7.6 μg L?1 of cyhalofop‐p‐butyl was found in leachates. Cyhalofop‐p‐butyl residues in the leachates were probably due to preferential flow through the soil. Cyhalofop‐p‐butyl residues were detected in significant amounts from the soil up to 10 d, later, residues were found below the detection limit but its three transformation products viz., cyhalofop acid, diacid, and phenol were detected. 相似文献