Composition of Floating Debris in Harbours of the United States

As part of a programme to characterize floating anthropogenic debris in the aquatic environment, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted 18 field surveys in the harbours of major metropolitan cities of the east, west, and Gulf coasts of the United States and the Mid-Atlantic Bight. the surveys were designed to provide information on the types, relative amounts, and distributions of aquatic debris in different geographic regions of the United States. Neuston nets (0.33 mm mesh) were used to collect surface debris during outgoing tides on two or three consecutive days in selected areas of each city. After each net tow, the debris, which ranged in size from small resin pellets to large plastic sheeting pieces, was identified, categorized, and counted. the data are being used to qualitatively characterize aquatic debris in coastal metropolitan areas, to examine potential regional variations, and to tentatively identify potential sources.     

略论新形势下煤炭企业环保工作

分析了当前煤炭企业环保工作中存在的困难和问题，并指出了解决问题的方法。     

长江,嘉陵江重庆城区段二维水质对流扩散数学模型

对二水质对流扩散数学模型的有限差分解作了较详细的叙述，同时对距离步长，时间步长计算，网络内水深，流速，横向扩散系数的求取也作了简要介绍。     

无机高分子絮凝剂聚硅铝铁硼的制备及其絮凝性能研究

以工业水玻璃、氯化铝、氯化铁、硼酸为原料，制备了一种性能优良的无机高分子絮凝剂聚硅铝铁硼(PSBFA)。通过考察不同pH值条件下水玻璃的胶凝时间、Si／Al物质的量比、硼的浓度、熟化时间等因素对聚硅铝铁硼产品应用性能的影响，确定了聚硅铝铁硼的最佳制备条件为pH值为2～4，Si／Al物质的量比在1．0左右，硼的浓度为0．02mol／L，熟化时间为5d左右。絮凝应用实验表明，聚硅铝铁硼对于印染废水脱色效果、生活污水的COD去除率具有优异的絮凝性能；与传统混凝剂硫酸铝和市售混凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)相比，PSBFA的具有投加量少、沉降速度快、絮体体积小等优点。     

Enzyme-Retted Flax Fiber and Recycled Polyethylene Composites

Municipal solid wastes generated each year contain potentially useful and recyclable materials for composites. Simultaneously, interest is high for the use of natural fibers, such as flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), in composites thus providing cost and environmental benefits. To investigate the utility of these materials, composites containing flax fibers with recycled high density polyethylene (HDPE) were created and compared with similar products made with wood pulp, glass, and carbon fibers. Flax was either enzyme- or dew-retted to observe composite property differences between diverse levels of enzyme formulations and retting techniques. Coupling agents would strengthen binding between fibers and HDPE but in this study fibers were not modified in anyway to observe mechanical property differences between natural fiber composites. Composites with flax fibers from various retting methods, i.e., dew- vs. enzyme-retting, behaved differently; dew-retted fiber composites resulted in both lower strength and percent elongation. The lowest level of enzyme-retting and the most economical process produces composites that do not appear to differ from the highest level of enzyme-retting. Flax fibers improved the modulus of elasticity over wood pulp and HDPE alone and were less dense than glass or carbon fiber composites. Likely, differences in surface properties of the various flax fibers, while poorly defined and requiring further research, caused various interactions with the resin that influenced composite properties.     

美国环保超级基金制度及其实施

对美国环保超级基金制度的概念和内容作了简要的介绍,并指出了其实施过程中的成功与不足,以期为我国环境法制的完善提供有益的借鉴。     

生物过滤法净化垃圾填埋场温室气体甲烷的研究进展

生物过滤法是一种低费用、无二次污染的减少垃圾填埋场温室气体甲烷排放的方式,是垃圾填埋气净化的一种很好的选择.介绍了净化垃圾填埋场甲烷的生物过滤器类型及甲烷氧化微生物,概述了生物过滤器氧化甲烷的影响因素、操作条件,并分析了其发展趋势.     

RDF与煤粉混合燃烧特性及动力学分析

为了研究RDF掺混入煤粉内进行燃烧时对煤粉产生的影响,利用热重分析,采用分布活化能模型（DAEM）对RDF与煤粉混合试样的燃烧特性及其反应动力学参数进行了实验研究。结果表明：随着RDF在煤粉中的掺混比例的增大,燃烧反应的进行过程中热能与气氛条件的分配比煤粉单独燃烧更加合理;在400~550℃与650~750℃范围之间,RDF的掺入对于煤粉的燃烧反应起到了一定的促进作用,在550~650℃之间则起抑制作用;通过精确的动力学计算以及合理的RDF与煤粉协同作用分析可知,当RDF在煤粉中的掺混比例为50%时,RDF对煤粉燃烧促进作用最佳,且能保证较高的燃料替代率。     

纳米四氧化三铁作为助凝剂去除水中藻类

在实验室内对使用纳米四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)和纳米γ-三氧化二铁(γ-Fe2O3)作为聚合氯化铝(PACl)的助凝剂去除水体中铜绿微囊藻的效果进行了研究.结果表明,以纳米Fe3O4或纳米γ-Fe2O3为助凝剂,能够降低PACl的投加量,提高沉降速率,进而缩短沉降时间,且对铜绿微囊藻的去除效果明显优于单独使用PACl.在藻浓度为106个/mL的条件下,为了达到相同的除藻效果,单独使用PACl的投量要比同时投加纳米Fe3O4或纳米γ-Fe2O3时多出1倍左右;在不加磁场条件下,要达到同样的处理效果,用纳米Fe3O4或纳米γ-Fe2O3做助凝剂比单独投加PACl节约一半以上的时间;而在加磁场的条件下,用纳米Fe3O4或纳米γ-Fe2O3做助凝剂甚至只需要10 min就能达到比单独投加PACl沉降60 min更高的处理效率.该方法对不同浓度级的铜绿微囊藻都有较好的去除效果,具有一定的实际应用价值.     

垃圾焚烧飞灰的石材化固化处理

为促进垃圾焚烧飞灰的无害化处理及资源化利用,提出了一种石材化固化处理方法,并对其产物的使用性能、毒物浸出特性及该方法的经济效益进行探索。结果表明:该处理方法利用C80PHC生产中高温、高压、高湿环境及磨细石英砂的存在使水泥水化产物转变为托贝莫来石,一方面提高混凝土的致密性及强度,减少毒物浸出通道;另一方面将毒物包容或固结在其石材化的晶格中,几乎杜绝了毒物浸出。同时其产物的脱模强度及高压蒸养强度均满足C80PHC的使用要求,从而确保了其资源化利用的可行性。石材化固化处理的处理成本仅约为108.1元/t,使用时也无需额外占用土地、增加设备和材料成本,因此有望在低成本条件下达到无害化处理的工艺水平,是一项经济、环保、可靠的创新技术。