亚热带河口潮滩湿地N2O排放对氮硫增强输入的响应

以亚热带区域闽江河口短叶茳芏中、高潮滩湿地为研究对象,于2014年7月至11月进行氮硫增强输入的实验,利用静态箱-气相色谱法测定潮滩湿地中N_2O排放通量,并同步测量相关的环境因子.结果显示,不同潮滩湿地N_2O排放通量对氮硫增强输入的响应存在差异,但总体上看均促进了N_2O的排放.与对照相比,NH_4~+-N输入使中、高潮滩排放通量分别提高了157.97%和236.36%;NO_3~--N输入使中潮滩提高了60.95%,而使高潮滩N_2O排放通量提高了246.77%;SO_4~(2-)-S输入分别使中、高潮滩N_2O通量提高50.68%和87.17%;而N-S复合输入则使中、高潮滩N_2O通量分别增加了84.20%和117.79%.不同的处理组对中、高潮滩的N_2O排放通量的促进作用分别表现为:NH_4~+-NN-SNO_3~--NSO_4~(2-)-S及NO_3~--NNH_4~+-NN-SSO_4~(2-)-S.氮硫增强输入改变了短叶茳芏潮滩湿地N_2O排放通量的变化规律,但除了NH_4~+-N处理对高潮滩N_2O排放通量的影响显著外,其他处理组的影响均未达到显著性水平.中、高潮滩湿地N_2O的排放通量与沉积物温度、含水率具有显著的相关关系,而与电导率相关性不显著.随着全球环境问题的日益严重,系统研究湿地生态系统N_2O排放的机制与规律,对于科学准确的估算全球温室气体排放量具有重要的意义.     

环保设施现状评价模式的研究

对环保设施运行现状定量评价模式进行探讨。模式从环保设施的整体、细节、管理和环境影响4个方面分析,采用调查、公式计算、插值、专家评分等方式,对环保设施运行的现状进行评分,建立了一个以计权方式定量评分来评价废气、废水处理设施现状的评价模式。     

我国淡水生物菲水质基准研究

菲是一种国内外水体中普遍检出的优控多环芳烃,会对水生生物产生有害影响.然而,由于本土物种生态毒理学数据匮乏等问题,关于菲的基准阈值研究鲜有报道.本研究以9种本土水生生物为研究对象,进行了9种水生生物的急性生态毒理学实验及3种慢性生态毒理学实验并推导了菲的基准阈值.此外,基于物种敏感性分布法(species sensitivity distribution,SSD)对本地和非本地物种之间的差异进行了比较,以期探究美国水生生物毒性数据在我国本土基准阈值推导过程中的可行性.结果显示,采用US EPA"指南"推荐的方法对菲本土水生生物急性基准阈值(CMC)和慢性基准阈值(CCC)进行了推导,分别为0.033 mg·L~(-1)和0.012 mg·L~(-1);另外,本土与美国物种敏感性分布不存在显著性差异,这表明存在使用美国水生生物毒性数据来推导我国菲水生生物基准阈值的可能性.     

纳滤膜处理含锰废水

采用纳滤膜处理电解锰生产过程中产生的含锰废水,考察了操作压力、阻垢剂和反冲洗等因素对膜通量和各金属离子截留率的影响。实验结果表明:操作压力越大,膜通量越大,且膜通量随运行时间延长下降得越快;在操作压力为2.0 MPa的条件下,纳滤膜对Mg2+的截留率为90.69%,对Mn2+的截留率为89.72%,对Ca2+的截留率最高,达100%;加入阻垢剂后,纳滤膜的膜通量比未加入阻垢剂时的膜通量略大;反冲洗4次后,膜通量均可完全恢复。     

介质阻挡放电中添加乙炔对NO脱除的影响

利用介质阻挡放电(DBD)进行模拟烟气脱除NO实验,通过改变乙炔体积分数和烟气水蒸汽含量研究添加乙炔对NO脱除效率的影响.结果表明:烟气中添加乙炔强化了NO氧化作用,随着乙炔体积分数的提高,NO脱除率逐渐增加.在NO/N2/O2/C2H2/H2O体系中,水的电负性和离解反应消耗大量高能电子,降低了活性自由基的生成,NO脱除速率随之减慢;能量密度低于400 J·L-1时,相对湿度(RH)为0的情况下脱出效果最好.但随着能量密度的增加,H2O不会影响最终的NO脱除率;H2O的添加可以产生更多的·OH自由基,促进NO2向HNO3转化,使出口NO2浓度大幅度降低.     

A~2/O工艺在低温低浓度条件下处理效果及节能减耗研究

研究在低水温条件下,进厂污水中有机物浓度较低时(污水平均BOD5为45 mg/L左右),漳扎污水处理厂生化系统较优的运行工况。研究结果表明,在上述情况下,较优的连续运行工况为:污泥回流比为75%左右,MLSS为3 200~3 500 mg/L,生化池处的溶解氧在0.7~1.3 mg/L之间;较优的间歇运行工况为:以曝气3 h停曝3 h的方式运行,生化池处的溶解氧在3~5 mg/L之间,污泥回流比为75%左右,MLSS为3 200~3 500 mg/L。上述两种运行工况对污水中的污染物质都有较高的去除率,能成功避免污泥解絮的发生,使系统中的微生物平稳过冬;其中间歇曝气方式能达到节能减耗的目的,建议在旅游淡季时采用该方式运行。     

The impact of coal and non-coal consumption on China's energy performance improvement

China is the world's largest energy consumer, and coal accounts for a higher proportion of the country's total energy consumption, yet during its 12th five-year plan (2011–2015), the coal share among total energy consumption significantly decreased. Previous studies exploring energy performance typically used energy consumption as an input, but this lacks the analytical capacity for the structure of energy consumption. Thus, this study splits energy input into two different inputs, coal consumption and non-coal energy consumption, and based on their differences with other variables, uses the hybrid dynamic data envelopment analysis model to assess the energy performance of China's provincial industrial sector during the period 2011 to 2015. We then compare coal consumption's and non-coal consumption's rooms for improvement and conclude that provinces in eastern and central China should reduce the amount of coal consumption, thereby improving energy performance. Conversely, provinces in the western region should target a balance between energy utilization efficiency and coal consumption.     

Enhancing the adsorption function of biochar by mechanochemical graphitization for organic pollutant removal

• Mechanochemical treatment reduced the calcination temperature for biochar synthesis. • Biochar is converted to graphite after mechanochemical treatment. • Biochar was reduced to nanoscale after mechanochemical treatment. Biochar (BC) has been extensively studied as adsorbent for the treatment of water pollution. Despite the distinct advantages, the high calcination temperature and low adsorption capacity of pristine BC limit its practical applications. Most of the former studies focused on the structure and/or surface modification to improve the adsorption capacity of BC. However, the harsh experiment conditions involved in the biochar modification limited the application in industrial level. Herein, we introduced mechanical treatment into BC preparation to reduce the calcination temperature and improve the adsorption capacity simultaneously. The results indicated that the calcination temperature was reduced and the adsorption capacity of the treated BC was improved after mechanochemical treatment. Characterization of the samples disclosed that BCs were graphitized with the particle size reduced to nanoscale after treatment. Adsorption tests indicated that the mechanochemically treated BCs showed much better removal performance of organic contaminants than that of pristine BCs. For instance, among four pristine BCs (BC600, BC700, BC800, and BC900), only BC900 has strong adsorption capacity for MB, while BC600 has low adsorption capacity (1.2 mg/g). By comparison, the adsorption capacity of MB increased greatly to 173.96 mg/g by BC600-500/1 (treated at 500 r/min for 1 hour). To optimize the mechanochemical treatment, the effects of rotation speed and agitation duration were also investigated.     

三峡库区消落带生态环境问题探讨

三峡工程的竣工,在库区两岸形成了垂直高差达30m的涨落地带,称之为消落带,对水库的实际运行影响深远。通过对这片区域特点和现状的研究,总结了当前三峡库区消落带出现的各种环境问题,如生态破坏、环境污染、景观影响、疾病问题、地质灾害等。针对各类环境问题的出现,提出了生态恢复、污染预防与治理、合理规划管理、出台相应政策等解决方法和控制措施,以期实现库区消落带的保护和充分利用,为库区社会、经济、环境的可持续发展提供参考。