Long-term study of heavy metal pollution in the northern Hangzhou Bay of China: temporal and spatial distribution,contamination evaluation,and potential ecological risk

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Coastal ecosystem is vulnerable to heavy metal contamination. The northern Hangzhou Bay is under intensifying impact of anthropogenic activities. To...     

Impact of solids on biphasic biodegradation of phenanthrene in the presence of hydroxypropyl-<Emphasis Type="Italic">β</Emphasis>-cyclodextrin (HPCD)

The consequence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment is of great concern. The hydrophobic properties of PAHs significantly impact phase distribution causing limited bioavailability. Enhanced biodegradation has been extensively carried out by surfactants and the redeployment effect was recognized. However, the quantitative relationship concerning the impact of solids was rarely reported. A batch of biphasic tests were carried out by introducing Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) into a mixture of phenanthrene solution and various glass beads (GB37-63, GB105-125, and GB350-500). The comparative results demonstrated that HPCD had little effect on microbial growth and was not degradable by bacterium. A model was proposed to describe the biodegradation process. The regression results indicated that the partition coefficient k _d (1.234, 0.726 and 0.448 L·g^?1) and the degradation rate k (0 mmol·L^?1: 0.055, 0.094, and 0.112; 20 mmol·L^?1: 0.126, 0.141, and 0.156; 40 mmol·L^?1: 0.141, 0.156 and 0.184 d^?1) were positively and negatively correlated with the calculated total surface area (TSA) of solids, respectively. Degradation enhanced in the presence of HPCD, and the enhancing factor f was calculated (20 mmol·L^?1: 15.16, 40.01, and 145.5; 40 mmol·L^?1: 13.29, 37.97, and 138.4), indicating that the impact of solids was significant for the enhancement of biodegradation.     

Impact of solids on biphasic biodegradation of phenanthrene in the presence of hydroxypropyl- &#946; -cyclodextrin (HPCD)

The consequence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment is of great concern. The hydrophobic properties of PAHs significantly impact phase distribution causing limited bioavailability. Enhanced biodegradation has been extensively carried out by surfactants and the redeployment effect was recognized. However, the quantitative relationship concerning the impact of solids was rarely reported. A batch of biphasic tests were carried out by introducing Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) into a mixture of phenanthrene solution and various glass beads (GB37-63, GB105-125, and GB350-500). The comparative results demonstrated that HPCD had little effect on microbial growth and was not degradable by bacterium. A model was proposed to describe the biodegradation process. The regression results indicated that the partition coefficient k_d (1.234, 0.726 and 0.448 L·g⁻¹) and the degradation rate k (0 mmol·L⁻¹: 0.055, 0.094, and 0.112; 20 mmol·L⁻¹: 0.126, 0.141, and 0.156; 40 mmol·L⁻¹: 0.141, 0.156 and 0.184 d⁻¹) were positively and negatively correlated with the calculated total surface area (TSA) of solids, respectively. Degradation enhanced in the presence of HPCD, and the enhancing factor f was calculated (20 mmol·L⁻¹: 15.16, 40.01, and 145.5; 40 mmol·L⁻¹: 13.29, 37.97, and 138.4), indicating that the impact of solids was significant for the enhancement of biodegradation.     

工业园区固体废物生命周期管理边界模型的构建

工业园区内企业众多,副产品和固体废物排放量大,生产过程也复杂,采用生命周期对固体废物进行管理显得也复杂很多。该文从构建工业园区固体废物生命周期管理边界模型出发,并以电子信息产业园区为例,试着将固体废物与不同的企业或生产过程紧密耦合,构建可行的较稳定的生命周期管理边界模型。     

Impact of solids on biphasic biodegradation of phenanthrene in the presence of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD)

The consequence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment is of great concern. The hydrophobic properties of PAHs significantly impact phase distribution causing limited bioavailability. Enhanced biodegradation has been extensively carried out by surfactants and the redeployment effect was recognized. However, the quantitative relationship concerning the impact of solids was rarely reported. A batch of biphasic tests were carried out by introducing Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) into a mixture of phenanthrene solution and various glass beads (GB37-63, GB105-125, and GB350-500). The comparative results demonstrated that HPCD had little effect on microbial growth and was not degradable by bacterium. A model was proposed to describe the biodegradation process. The regression results indicated that the partition coefficient k _d (1.234, 0.726 and 0.448 L·g⁻¹) and the degradation rate k (0 mmol·L⁻¹: 0.055, 0.094, and 0.112; 20 mmol·L⁻¹: 0.126, 0.141, and 0.156; 40 mmol·L⁻¹: 0.141, 0.156 and 0.184 d⁻¹) were positively and negatively correlated with the calculated total surface area (TSA) of solids, respectively. Degradation enhanced in the presence of HPCD, and the enhancing factor f was calculated (20 mmol·L⁻¹: 15.16, 40.01, and 145.5; 40 mmol·L⁻¹: 13.29, 37.97, and 138.4), indicating that the impact of solids was significant for the enhancement of biodegradation.     

Microbial functional genes reveal selection of microbial community by PAHs in polluted soils

This report shows an increase of PAH-related microbial functional genes with PAH concentration in soils. Adaptation of microbial communities to organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a crucial issue. However, there is little knowledge on mechanisms ruling microbial community selection. Here, we studied microbial functional genes in soils contaminated by PAHs. We used GeoChip, an advanced functional gene array for gene analysis. Soil PAH concentrations were measured and microbial functional genes were categorized. PAH-related microbial functional genes, bph, nah, nidA, phd, dfb, and qor, were quantitatively expressed. Total microbial functional genes and PAH-related microbial functional genes were compared with PAH concentration by cluster analysis and curve-fitting analysis. We found that the average abundance of PAH-related microbial functional genes increased from 0.13 to 0.33, whereas that of total microbial functional genes decreased from 0.22 to 0.10 when PAHs concentration increased from 1.01 to 164.28 mg kg^?1. It was also found that the classification of microbial community structure characteristics based on PAH-related microbial functional genes was closely similar to the classification based on PAHs concentration. Findings reveal that PAH stress promotes the dominance of PAH-related microbial communities.     

基于Visual Basic.NET的油气事故应急资源需求预测支持决策系统

针对油气事故后应急资源需求预测困难的问题,在对油气事故特性及应急资源需求类型分析的基础上,构建了基于案例推理(CBR)的油气事故应急资源需求预测模型,并使用Visual Basic.NET及SQL Server数据库开发了油气事故应急资源需求预测支持决策系统。将该系统应用于实际油气事故案例进行验证,结果表明系统中应急资源需求预测模型科学可靠,系统对油气事故应急资源需求预测结果与其实际用量基本吻合。该系统可为油气事故后快速有效开展应急救援活动提供相应的理论依据。     

一次井喷事件及其社会影响

本文分析了天津市板桥农场机井突发性自喷的原因,造成的经济损失和产生的社会影响。     

表面增强拉曼光谱技术检测高氯酸根离子

高氯酸根离子是水质污染物中常见的污染源之一.通过化学还原法制备稳定、分散性好的纳米银溶胶颗粒(粒径为30～40 nm),并以此为基底,探究了利用表面增强拉曼光谱技术迅速准确地检测质量浓度为10-6～10-1 g/L的高氯酸根离子溶液的表面增强拉曼光谱.结果表明,当高氯酸根离子质量浓度为10-5～10-1 g/L时,随着高氯酸根离子浓度的降低,表面增强拉曼光谱强度逐渐减弱.     

大气污染光学遥感技术及发展趋势

空气质量和气候变化是影响人类生存环境的两大主要因素,它们与大气构成变化密切相关,因此,必须对影响人类生存和决定对流层成分的大气过程进行监测。随着监测技术的发展,大气环境监测方法从常规的监测体系向理化、遥测、应急等多种监测分析方法相结合的综合监测技术方向发展。基于激光/光谱的大气污染监测技术以光学探测和光谱数据解析为核心,探测大气痕量气体和颗粒物的时空分布特征和输送规律,并逐渐运用于球载、无人机、卫星等区域动态遥测,可为中国大气灰霾形成的关键影响因素识别提供技术支持。