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Regional Environmental Change - Agro-ecosystem energy profiles reveal energy flows into, within, and out of US Great Plains farm communities across 140 years. This study evaluates external... 相似文献
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Research in molecular neurobiology has recently entered a new phase of rapid development as a result of the application of the techniques of molecular genetics. This is illustrated by recent work on the electric ray (Torpedo marmorata and T. californica), whose electric organ is a rich source of cholinergic synapses. Other examples from recent literature of the application of the recombinant DNA technique to the mammalian central nervous system are given and possible future developments are discussed. 相似文献
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V. P. Whittaker 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1977,64(12):606-611
The electric organ of Torpedo, besides providing abundant amounts of cholinoceptive post-synaptic membrane for the isolation of the acetylcholine receptor protein, is a rich source of cholinergic nerve terminals. Using perfused, innervated tissue blocks from which synaptic vesicles in different functional states can be isolated, much information can be obtained about synaptic-vesicle dynamics. So far this is consistent with the view that the synaptic vesicles are the source of transmitter released on stimulation and that uptake of newly synthesized transmitter by the vesicles is dependent on their having discharged their previous charge of transmitter in at least one cycle of exo- and endocytosis. Studies of the protein composition of the vesicle membrane, especially when combined with similar information about the external presynaptic membrane, purified samples of which are now available from synaptosome (T-sac) preparations, promise to throw new light on the molecular mechanism underlying vesicle exo-/endocytosis. 相似文献
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Adelodun Bashir Ajibade Fidelis Odedishemi Ibrahim Rahmat Gbemisola Ighalo Joshua O. Bakare Hashim Olalekan Kumar Pankaj Eid Ebrahem M. Kumar Vinod Odey Golden Choi Kyung-Sook 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(6):2077-2086
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The recent emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the drastic production and use of healthcare and personal protective equipment,... 相似文献
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Joshua W. Faulkner Zachary M. Easton Wei Zhang Larry D. Geohring Tammo S. Steenhuis 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(8):1794-1801
Vegetative treatment areas (VTAs) are commonly being used as an alternative method of agricultural process wastewater treatment. However, it is also apparent that to completely prevent discharge of pollutants to the surrounding environment, settling of particulates and bound constituents from overland flow through VTAs is not sufficient. For effective remediation of dissolved agricultural pollutants, VTAs must infiltrate incoming wastewater. A simple water balance model for predicting VTA soil saturation and surface discharge in landscapes characterized by sloping terrain and a shallow restrictive layer is presented and discussed. The model accounts for the cumulative effect of successive rainfall events and wastewater input on soil moisture status and depth to water table. Nash–Sutcliffe efficiencies ranged from 0.65 to 0.81 for modeled and observed water table elevations after calibration of saturated hydraulic conductivity. Precipitation data from relatively low, average, and high annual rainfall years were used with soil, site, and contributing area data from an example VTA for simulations and comparisons. Model sensitivity to VTA width and contributing area (i.e. barnyard, feedlot, silage bunker, etc.) curve number was also investigated. Results of this analysis indicate that VTAs should be located on steeper slopes with deeper, more-permeable soils, which effectively lowers the shallow water table. In sloping landscapes (>2%), this model provides practitioners an easy-to-use VTA design and/or risk assessment tool that is more hydrological process-based than current methods. 相似文献
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Biao Huang Joshua K. Abbott Eli P. Fenichel Rachata Muneepeerakul Charles Perrings Leah R. Gerber 《Conservation biology》2017,31(4):809-817
A cap‐and‐trade system for managing whale harvests represents a potentially useful approach to resolve the current gridlock in international whale management. The establishment of whale permit markets, open to both whalers and conservationists, could reveal the strength of conservation demand, about which little is known. This lack of knowledge makes it difficult to predict the outcome of a hypothetical whale permit market. We developed a bioeconomic model to evaluate the influence of economic uncertainty about demand for whale conservation or harvest. We used simulations over a wide range of parameterizations of whaling and conservation demands to examine the potential ecological consequences of the establishment of a whale permit market in Norwegian waters under bounded (but substantial) economic uncertainty. Uncertainty variables were slope of whaling and conservation demand, participation level of conservationists and their willingness to pay for whale conservation, and functional forms of demand, including linear, quadratic, and log‐linear forms. A whale‐conservation market had the potential to yield a wide range of conservation and harvest outcomes, the most likely outcomes were those in which conservationists bought all whale permits. 相似文献
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Joshua Farley 《Environmental management》2010,45(1):26-38
Although conservation is an inherently transdisciplinary issue, there is much to be gained from examining the problem through
an economics lens. Three benefits of such an approach are laid out in this paper. First, many of the drivers of environmental
degradation are economic in origin, and the better we understand them, the better we can conserve ecosystems by reducing degradation.
Second, economics offers us a when-to-stop rule, which is equivalent to a when-to-conserve rule. All economic production is
based on the transformation of raw materials provided by nature. As the economic system grows in physical size, it necessarily
displaces and degrades ecosystems. The marginal benefits of economic growth are diminishing, and the marginal costs of ecological
degradation are increasing. Conceptually, we should stop economic growth and focus on conservation when the two are equal.
Third, economics can help us understand how to efficiently and justly allocate resources toward conservation, and this paper
lays out some basic principles for doing so. Unfortunately, the field of economics is dominated by neoclassical economics,
which builds an analytical framework based on questionable assumptions and takes an excessively disciplinary and formalistic
approach. Conservation is a complex problem, and analysis from individual disciplinary lenses can make important contributions
to conservation only when the resulting insights are synthesized into a coherent vision of the whole. Fortunately, there are
a number of emerging transdisciplines, such as ecological economics and environmental management, that are dedicated to this
task. 相似文献
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