Fractionation of heavy metals in shallow marine sediments from Jinzhou Bay, China

This work investigated the distribution and speciation of Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Mn in the shallow sediments of Jinzhou Bay, Northeast China, which has been heavily contaminated by nonferrous smelting activities. The concentrations of Cd, Cu and Pb in sediments were found to be 100, 13 and 7 times, respectively, being higher than the national guideline (GB 18668-2002). Sequential extraction test showed that 39%-61% of Cd were exchangeable fractions, indicating that Cd in the sediments posed a high risk to local...     

大气痕量挥发性有机物碳同位素分析研究进展

对于大气痕量挥发性有机物的研究,浓度测量方法在满足科学研究的要求方面尚有欠缺,相比之下,同位素测量方法具有测量精度高、对源解析准确和测量误差小的特点且发展迅速,该方法在大气痕量挥发性有机物的研究中所起到的作用日益显著;但由于同位素测量技术对大气样品质量的要求很高,故目前该方法在大气环境科学的研究领域中还不能普及,今后随...     

铜锌同位素方法在环境地球化学研究中的应用

近年来,随着多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICP-MS)逐渐应用,过渡族金属(Cu,Zn和Fe等)同位素测试方法逐渐成熟,测定精度可达0.04‰,使得铜锌铁等同位素地球化学研究成为近年来国际地学研究领域的热点。本文对铜锌同位素的测试方法、分馏机理及其在环境地球化学研究领域的应用进行了较系统综述。     

石英羟基水-分子水的分馏系数与常规混合水δD分析的关系

采集了 4个不同地区花岗岩石英、热液脉石英 ,分析其中包裹体分子水与结构羟基水的含量、包裹体分子水的δDinclusion、结构羟基水的δDOH,计算了结构羟基水 包裹体分子水之间的D/H分馏系数αOH inclusion。考查了混合水 (结构羟基水 +包裹体分子水 )δDwhole water与单独包裹体水δDinclusion之间的差别 ,分析了这种差别与分馏系数αOH inclusion的关系。结果表明 :花岗岩样品中两种水之间的分馏系数小 ,分馏程度大 ,在常规分析中 ,若采用测定混合水δDwhole water值代表实际流体 (包裹体水 )δDinclusion值时 ,二者间有较大的差异。热液石英脉样品总体来说分馏系数接近于 1,分馏程度小 ,常规分析中引起的二者之间差异小。常规的分析方法用于分馏程度小的热液脉石英是可行的 ,但进行花岗岩石英水的氢同位素分析时有必要区分出包裹体水与羟基水。     

不能忘却的"纪念"

2002年2月,我从学校毕业到河南油田精蜡厂新联合车间学分馏不久,还没能单独顶岗,星期天上午大约11时左右,厂部化验室通知取一个油浆样做馏程分析.当时主操作员在操作台前写记录,因为生产有些波动,所以他让我在油浆泵出口放空取样.     

Speciation and fractionation of heavy metals in soil experimentally contaminated with Pb,Cd, Cu and Zn together and effects on soil negative surface charge

Speciation and fractionation of heavy metals in soil subsamples experimentally loaded with Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in orthogonal design was investigated by sequential extraction, and operationally defined as water-soluble and exchangeable(SE), weakly specific adsorbed( WSA),Fe and Mn oxides-bound(OX) and organic-bound( ORG). The results showed that fractions of heavy metals in the soil subsamples depended on their speciation. About 90% of Cd and 75% of Zn existed in soil subsamples in the SE fraction. Lead and Cu existed in soil subsamples as SE, WSA and OX fractions simultaneously, although SE was still the major fraction. Organic-bound heavy metals were not clearly apparent in all the soil subsamples. The concentration of some heavy metal fractions in soil subsamples showed the good correlation with ionic impulsion of soil, especially for the SE fraction. Continuous saturation of soil subsamples with 0.20 mol/L NH4CI, which is the first step for determination of the negative surface charge of soil by the ion retention method, resulted in desorption of certain heavy metals from the soil. It was found that the percentage desorption of heavy metals from soil subsamples depended greatly on pH, the composition and original heavy metal content of the soil subsamples. However, most of the heavy metals in the soil subsamples were still be retained after multiple saturation. Compared with the parent soil, the negative surface charge of soil subsamples loaded with heavy metals did not show difference significantly from that of the parent one by statistical analysis. Heavy metals existed in the soil subsamples mainly as exchangeable and precipitated simultaneously.     

共沸-分馏连续操作处理醇酮装置酸性废水

为了降低环己醇、环己酮生产装置产生的含甲酸废水的COD,使其达到排放标准,降低废水排放量,减少环境污染的目的,根据共沸-分馏间歇操作处理醇酮装置酸性废水研究获得的工艺参数,采用共沸-分馏连续操作处理该酸性废水,并从中回收甲酸。介绍了共沸-分馏连续操作处理醇酮装置酸性废水的工艺过程、操作方法,给出了共沸-分馏连续操作处理该废水并回收甲酸的实验数据,完成了间歇操作改连续操作过程的工艺研究,研究结论为进一步工业化生产装置设计奠定了基础。通过研究得出,采用共沸-分馏连续操作处理该酸性废水,废水的COD由1.6×105mg/L降至3.0×102mg/L以下,达此标准水为80%以上,废水的COD去除率达到99%以上,甲酸回收率80%,连续操作实验结果优于间歇操作。     

稀土元素分馏作用研究进展

本文综述了环境中稀土元素的分馏过程以及分馏作用对其在岩石、土壤、植物、水环境中分布、迁移规律的影响，探讨了引起了稀土分馏的机理，为稀土的环境化学研究提供了产的材料。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯降解过程的单体同位素分析

研究对比了邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）在不同降解过程（水解、UV/H₂O₂光解、直接光解、过硫酸钾光氧化）中的碳、氢同位素组成变化、分馏特征及二维同位素（Δδ²H-Δδ¹³C）的相关性.水解反应中DBP分子产生了显著的碳同位素分馏,未发现氢同位素分馏,而且碳同位素富集因子ε_C为（-2.7±0.4）‰,表明DBP水解时发生C-O键断裂,氢原子不参与反应.而UV/H₂O₂光解和直接光解反应（pH值分别为2、7和10）中,DBP分子呈现了相似的二维同位素相关性Λ值[（9±2）~（11±2）],推测经历了相同的反应过程.过硫酸钾光氧化降解时,明显偏大的Λ值（31±3）说明反应可能发生C-H键断裂.结果表明：二维单体同位素分析（2D-CSIA）技术可以有效区分DBP的水解、光解、光氧化3种不同类型的降解过程,有助于分析其降解路径.     

空分装置的主要危险因素分析

以辽宁省抚顺市某空气分馏装置的可行性研究报告为依据，查阅了有关资料和事故案例，对该空分装置火灾爆炸和冷冻伤害的危险因素进行了分析。