Assessing Sustainability at Multiple Scales in a Rotational Bushmeat Hunting System

Abstract: Results of many studies show unsustainable levels of bushmeat hunting across West/Central Africa. Nevertheless, these results are usually derived from snapshot sustainability indices in which critical parameters are often taken from the literature. Simple, more informative tools for assessing sustainability are needed. We evaluated the impact of bushmeat hunting across a range of temporal, spatial, and taxonomic scales in a comparison of different measures of sustainability. Over 15 months in 2002–2004 in and around a village close to Equatorial Guinea's Monte Alén National Park, we collected data via a village offtake survey, hunter‐camp bushmeat‐consumption diaries, hunter interviews, and following hunters during hunts. We compared 2003 data with a previous offtake survey (1998–1999) and interview reports back to 1990. In the past 14 years, average distance from the village at which hunters operated remained constant, with hunters switching back and forth between long‐established camps, although trapping effort increased. In the past 5 years, overall offtake and number of active hunters did not change substantially, although catch per unit effort (CPUE) decreased slightly. Although the proportion of the two most commonly trapped species (Cephalophus monticola and Atherurus africanus) and gun‐hunted primates increased in the offtake, species presumably less robust to trapping decreased slightly. Apparent sustainability in economic terms may be masking gradual local extirpation of more vulnerable species before and during this study. Our results suggest that changes in prey profiles and CPUE may be the most accurate indicators of actual sustainability; these indices can be monitored with simple village‐based offtake surveys and hunter interviews to improve community management of bushmeat hunting.     

防渗膜集成永久性渗漏监控系统的定位

介绍了由导电HDPE防渗膜和预埋渗漏监控模块共同构成的集成永久性防渗膜渗漏监控系统及其基本工作原理,阐述了第3代导电防渗膜以及渗漏监控模块的特点,重点介绍了在贵州省环境保护厅监督下进行的我国第1次防渗膜永久监控系统现场验证实验,就实验场地规划、导电防渗膜的安装与检测、渗漏监控模块的安装、系统调试和实验过程分别做了说明。实验结果表明,监控系统可以对直径1 cm的小孔渗漏发出实时报警信号,定位的漏点与实际漏点间的差距仅为0.68 m,相对于1 405 m2的实验区域,定位精度达到了1/1 000,显示了极高的敏感度和良好的渗漏定位能力。该现场验证实验的成功,对于建立有效的填埋场环境监控系统有着积极的影响。     

The impact of human capital and bio-capacity on the environmental quality: evidence from G20 countries

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study investigates the effects of human capital, bio-capacity, energy use, and economic growth on the ecological footprint of G20 countries for...     

印染污泥焚烧过程氯元素代谢及调控

印染污泥热值高,焚烧热电联产具有积极的减碳效应。但因行业特点,印染污泥含氯高,对锅炉安全运行和烟气超低排放带来新的技术难题。定量揭示印染污泥焚烧过程氯元素的组成及迁移代谢特征,并开展精细化氯物质流管理,具有重要应用价值。依托2 500 t∙d⁻¹印染污泥干化焚烧热电联产典型工程案例,建立基于最小工艺单元的氯元素物质流分析模型,通过实测和在线监测,重点分析干化、焚烧、除尘、脱酸等主要工艺环节,刻画全流程氯元素迁移代谢图景,识别氯物质流管理关键节点。研究发现：1) 案例工程入炉印染污泥单位热值氯含量为1.4~2.4 mg∙kcal⁻¹ (低位热值,以氯计) ,为燃煤电厂入炉煤单位热值氯含量平均值的14.6倍;2) 原烟气氯化氢浓度为170~250 mg∙Nm⁻³,是燃煤电厂的2~5倍;3) 采用双塔双循环湿法脱酸烟气净化工艺,可将原烟气氯化氢浓度降至5 mg∙Nm⁻³以下,实现烟气超低排放。研究建议：一是加强入炉污泥氯含量监测,当印染污泥氯含量大于3 700 mg∙kg⁻¹时,可通过掺加市政污泥,调控入炉端氯含量,保证锅炉安全运行;二是加强烟气脱硫脱酸系统氯离子含量检测,宜控制浆液氯离子浓度在20 000 mg∙L⁻¹以下。可对相关污泥焚烧资源化工程应用提供借鉴参考。     

Heavy Metal Concentrations in Water, Sediment, Fish and Some Benthic Organisms from Tigris River, Turkey

In this study concentrations of heavy metals, such as Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined in water, sediment, muscle, liver and gill of fish (Silurus triostegus, Mastacembelus simack, Mystus halepensis, Orthrias euphraticus) the muscle and liver of crab (Potamon fluviatilis), the internal organs of fresh water snail (Physa acuta), and mussel (Unio elongatulus), and in whole biomass of green algae (Spirogyra sp.) examples collected seasonally from three selected sites (I, II, and III) of Tigris River and from a reference site on Resan Creek. In general, the average Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Fe values in Sites I, II, and III were found to be high in spring and summer. The concentrations of heavy metals in the Tigris River are compared with previous studies in the same sites. The results showed that Cu levels have gradually decreased during recent years. In Tigris River, among the living organisms, i.e., those which are living in benthic region and showing biomonitor characteristic, crab, snail, green algae, mussel and fish are seen to be formed in sequence. Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn values obtained from the muscle of fish and from the mass of internal organs of mussel and snail were found to be under the acceptable values suggested.     

基于STIRPAT模型的校园建筑运行碳排放特征与减碳潜力分析

为发挥高校在碳中和行动中的先导作用,率先实现校园碳中和,基于能源监控中心数据,测算2017—2021年江西某高校建筑运行阶段碳排放,构建校园建筑运行碳排放STIRPAT模型,结合情景分析法设定基准、低碳和超低碳3种发展情景,预测2022—2035年校园建筑运行碳排放的变化趋势,并提出针对性的减碳建议。结果表明：校园建筑碳排放呈现显著的季节性特征,宿舍碳排放是校园建筑运营阶段碳排放的主要来源,以功能性碳排放为主;能源结构和能耗强度对碳排放的影响较大,用能人数和建筑面积的影响相对较小;在低碳情景下和超低碳情景下,均能在2030年前实现碳达峰。     

基于自注意力机制的污水处理厂精确加药模型预测控制

污水处理过程精确控制是解决污水处理厂运行成本高和出水水质不达标问题的有效途径,但由于污水处理过程具有非线性、时变性和时滞性等特点,常规的控制方法难以满足需求。提出了一种模型预测控制方法,以实现污水处理厂药剂的精确投加。所构建的模型基于自注意力机制提取输入序列的有效信息,对参数之间复杂的非线性关系进行建模,从而提高预测准确度。使用江苏省某污水处理厂的反硝化滤池数据进行模型训练和测试,并建立与卷积神经网络（CNN）、长短期记忆网络（LSTM）的对比实验。结果表明,对于出水TN、COD和NH₄⁺-N的预测,自注意力模型的平均误差率（MER）、均方误差（MSE）指标均为最好,实现了较为准确的预测。采用粒子群优化算法计算加药量,并将预测控制模型应用于该污水处理厂。2022年1,2月的模型应用结果表明,出水TN的达标率达到95%以上,优化后的加药量比污水处理厂的月平均加药量分别减少28.72%和21.78%。     

湿法堆垛育菇废水物化-生化组合处理技术研究

食用菌湿法堆垛育菇废水作为一种高浓度有机废水,具有难降解、高COD和高氨氮的特点,利用常规处理工艺难以实现达标排放。采用气浮-折流A/O生物膜反应器(HAOBR)-O₃/H₂O₂组合工艺,研究气浮-HAOBR对育菇废水中COD和氨氮的处理效果,探讨O₃/H₂O₂催化氧化段在不同组合方式下的处理效果和最佳控制参数,并利用三维荧光光谱技术分析该组合工艺废水中溶解性有机物（DOM）的变化特性。结果表明：经气浮-HAOBR处理后,育菇废水中COD和氨氮浓度分别降至（485±25）和（1.32±0.11） mg/L;在O₃和H₂O₂浓度分别为0.88和333 mg/L时,O₃/H₂O₂单元对COD和氨氮的去除效果最佳;最终出水COD和氨氮浓度分别为（22.50±1.50）和（1.30±0.15） mg/L,平均去除率分别为99.40%和98.70%;育菇废水中DOM主要是类富里酸物质、溶解性微生物代谢产物和类腐殖酸物质,处理后DOM荧光强度大幅降低,但主要组分未发生改变。气浮-HAOBR-O₃/H₂O₂组合工艺能有效去除育菇废水中COD、氨氮和DOM,出水满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准,具有很好的应用前景。

     

芬顿调理对含铅工业污泥电渗透脱水减量效果的影响

针对铅酸电池厂含铅工业污泥难以脱水减量的问题,利用污泥中存在的Fe²⁺进行芬顿调理预处理,探究H₂O₂添加量对后续污泥电渗透脱水减量化效果的影响。结果表明：芬顿调理预处理会打破污泥中部分絮体,使污泥黏度由18.0 mPa·s降至4.7 mPa·s,污泥中部分无机离子在脱水过程中从污泥固相体系进入滤液中,造成后续电渗透脱水剩余泥饼的含水率由82.72%降至69.34%,挥发性悬浮物含量增加约30%。相对于原始污泥直接进行脱水,采用优化的H₂O₂添加量调理污泥可促进后续的污泥电渗透脱水减量66.20%,同时污泥干基中铅含量由265.2 g/kg提高到453.6 g/kg,这有利于污泥的后续资源化利用或无害化填埋处理。